A revision of the genus Malus Mill. (Rosaceae) Author Liu, Jian-quan liujq@lzu.edu.cn Author Gao, Xin-fen Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China. School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. xfgao@cib.ac.cn text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-12-28 853 1 127 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019 journal article 222443 10.5852/ejt.2022.853.2019 aedbf741-3844-4f1b-9c45-5504394416a9 2118-9773 7501371 13 . Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne ex C.K.Schneid. Figs 33–34 Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde Vol. 1 : 719 ( Schneider 1906b ). Pyrus pashia var. sikkimensis Wenz. , Linnaea 38 (1): 49 ( Wenzig 1874 ) . – Pyrus sikkimensis Hook. f. , Flora of British India Vol. 2 (5) : 373 ( Hooker 1879 ) . – Malus baccata subsp. sikkimensis (Wenz.) Likhonos, Trudy po prikladnoi botanike genetike i selektsii 52 (3): 28 ( Likhonos 1974 ) . – Type : INDIA • Sikkim , Himalaya , alt. 7000‒10 000 ft; s.d.; fl; J.D. Hooker s.n. ; isosyntype: K [ K000758445 ]!, M [ M0213666 ]! Examined specimens BHUTAN – Guni Sa ; 14 May 1949 ; fl; F. Ludlow , G. Sherriff & J.H. Hicks 16231 ; PE . CHINA – Sichuan • Butuo ; 6 Aug. 1979 ; st; Pucha Team 0682 ; SM . – Tibet • Milin ; 19 Oct. 1984 ; fr; G. Yao et al. 132 ; NAS • ibid.; 29 Jul. 1989 ; fr; G. Yao et al. 1834 ; NAS • ibid.; 13 Sep. 2003 ; fr; X.F. Gao et al. 7425 ; CDBI • ibid.; 28 Jul. 1975 ; fr; Qingzhang Budian Group 750912 ; PE • Chayu ; 7 Oct. 2007 ; fr; Z.D. Fang , G. He & Q.R. Yang XZ-689 ; SABG • Bomi ; 3 Sep. 1982 ; fr; B.S. Li et al. 0518 ; PE • Yadong ; 9 Sep. 1974 ; fr; Qingzang Team 2108 ; PE • Linzhi ; 2 Jul. 1989 ; fr; G. Yao et al. 1443 ; NAS • Shannan ; 11 Sep. 2017 ; fr; PE-Xizang Team PE6349 ; PE . – Yunnan • Deqin ; 25 May 1975 ; fl; Yunnan Deqinxian Nongyeju s.n. ; PE • 18 May 1975 ; fl; Yunnan Deqinxian Nongyeju s.n. ; PE • ibid.; 2 Sep. 1974 ; fr; P. Zhang 74050 ; PE • Wenshan ; 26 Mar. 2009 ; st; Y.L. Wang et al. 09-129 ; SZG • Weixi ; 12 Sep.1974 ; fr; P. Zhang 74061 ; PE . INDIA – Sikkim • Himalaya ; 4 Aug. 1849 ; fl, fr; J.D. Hooker s.n. ; K[000758444] • ibid.; 26 May 1849 ; fl, fr; J.D. Hooker s.n. ; K[000758443] • ibid.; 28 May 1849 ; fl; J.D. Hooker s.n. ; K[000758446] • ibid.; 4 Jun. 1849 ; fl; J.D. Hooker s.n. ; K[000758445] • ibid.; 16 Aug. 1844 ; fr; J.D. Hooker s.n. ; K[000758442] • locality unknown; 6 Jul. 1849 ; fr; Anonymous s.n. ; K . MYANMAR – East Himalaya ; Aug. 1837 ; fl, fr; Griffith 2081; K . Description Small tree, up to 8 m high. Branches terete, pubescent when young, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, petiole ca 1.3‒2.2 cm long, densely lanuginous. Lamina 5.6‒8.3 × 2.6‒4.1 cm , oval to ovate, base rounded, equilateral, apex acuminate or acute, margin serrulate, blade pubescent abaxially and on midvein. Inflorescence corymbose, with 5‒8 flowers. Pedicel ca 3.7 cm long, densely lanuginous. Hypanthium densely lanuginous or glabrous. Sepals lanceolate-triangular, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely puberulous, caducous, rarely persistent. Petals ca 1.1 × 0.9 cm , white, obovate. Stamens 25‒50, unequal. Styles 4, as long as or longer than stamens, glabrous. Pome ca 1.5‒2.0 cm in diameter, subglobose or pyriform, yellow to red. Carpopodium ca 2.6 cm long, lanuginous. Phenology Flowers in May. Mature fruits in September. Habitat Terrestrial, seasonally green, growing in alpine forests; 2000‒3000 (3900) m a.s.l. Fig. 33. Distribution of Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne ex C.K.Schneid. Fig. 34. Morphological characters of Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne ex C.K.Schneid. ; M0213776 (syntype of Sorbus sikkimensis Wenz. ), M0213809 (syntype of Sorbus sikkimensis ), K000758444, K000758446, K000758447. Scale bars = 10 mm. Distribution Bhutan , China ( Sichuan , Yunnan , Tibet ), India ( Sikkim ), Nepal and Sri Lanka ( Fig. 33 ). Chromosome numbers 2n = 34, 51, 54, 68. Note Sorbus sikkimensis Wenz. (including Malus sikkimensis (Wenz.) N.P.Balakr. ) was mistakenly treated as a synonym of Malus sikkimensis by Hassler (2020) , but it actually is a synonym of Sorbus corymbifera (Miq.) T.H.Nguyên & Yakovlev according to the original literature and type specimen Sorbus sikkimensis Wenz. Linnaea 38 (1): 58 ( Wenzig 1874 ) . – Type : INDIA • India orientalis; 1843; Griffith 2077/1 ; syntype : M[M0213809, M0213776]!; isosyntype: E[E00145673]!, GH[GH00112876, GH00135439]! (Note on the sheet: lectotype , designated by Aldasoro et al. 2004: 57 ). In addition, because the type Hooker f. & Thomson s.n. of M. sikkimensis cited by Wenzig (1874: 49) still exist, the neotype G. King s.n. designated by Langenfeld (1991: 129) is invalid.