On the genus Penthesilenula Rossetti and Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from (semi-) terrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil), with the description of a new species Author Pinto, R. L. Author Rocha, C. E. F. Author Martens, K. text Journal of Natural History 2010 2010-05-12 38 20 2567 2589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930310001647424 journal article 10.1080/00222930310001647424 1464-5262 5250681 Penthesilenula reidae n. sp. (figures 2A–D, 6A–F) Type locality Boracéia Biological Station, Municipality of Salesópolis, São Paulo State , Brazil . GPS co-ordinates: 23 ‡ 40’00.7@S, 45 ‡ 54’08.9@W. Water from pouches in bromeliads inside the forest, near a place formerly used for extracting sand, beside the road of the Guaratuba river . Material collected on 22 September 2001 by CEFR , RLP and KM . Type material HOLOTYPE : an ovigerous, dissected female. Valves coated for scanning electron microscopy and stored in a micropaleontological slide. Dissected soft parts mounted in a permanent slide ( MZUSP15851 ). PARATYPES : five ovigerous females stored like the holotype ( MZUSP15852 , 15857–15860 ) ; 11 ovigerous females not dissected, used for scanning electron microscopy and stored in micropaleontological slides ( MZUSP15853–15856 , 15861–15867 ) ; 10 females kept in toto in ethanol ( MZUSP15868 ) . Other material used for description and illustration Boracéia Biological Station , Municipality of Salesópolis , São Paulo State . GPS co-ordinates: 23 ‡ 39’18.7@S, 45 ‡ 53’29.2@W. Water from pouches in ground bromeliads on a track behind the researchers’ house. Specimens. One female stored like holotype ( MZUSP15869 ); three females kept in toto in ethanol ( MZUSP15870 ). Material collected on 22 September 2001 by CEFR , RLP and KM . Derivation of name This species is named after Dr Janet Reid, in recognition of her significant contribution to copepodology, especially in South America. Diagnosis Valves relatively large (Le~470–533 M m) and elongated (Le:H~2.15–2.29), LV w RV on all sides, LV with small antero-ventral and large postero-ventral internal teeth. Cms a rosette of ca nine relatively large scars. First segment of A1 with two subequal, dorsal setae; second segment with short dorso-apical seta and three ventral setae, two shorter, subequal and one long (the latter ca three times as long as the former ones); third segment with dorsal (s1) and ventral seta; fourth segment with two dorsal setae (s2 and s3) and one ventral seta; s2 the longest of the three s-setae, ventro-apical seta on third segment longer than that on fourth segment, just reaching the edge of the fourth segment. A2 exopodite with two unequal setae (shorter one ca half to two-thirds of longer one) and one lateral, conical spine. Penultimate segment of Md-palp with setae y and z mediumlength, reaching halfway along the longest apical claws on the next segment; last segment with five apical claws and three setae, internal seta c short, subapical, external setae a and b medium-long, reaching halfway along the largest claw, both setae equally long. Caudal ramus a long seta. P-abd absent. FIG. 6. (A–F) Pentheilenula reidae sp. n. ; (G–M) Penthesilenula aotearoa (Rossetti et al ., 1998) . (A) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15854); (B) Cp, dv (MZUSP15856); (C) Cp, vv (MZUSP15855); (D) LV, iv (MZUSP15851); (E) RV, iv ( idem ); (F) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15891); (G) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15883); (H) Cp, dv (MZUSP15884); (I) Cp, vv (MZUSP15885); (J) LV, iv (MZUSP15872); (K) RV, iv ( idem ); (L) LV, iv detail of caudal tooth (arrow) (MZUSP15871); (M) detail of A1 showing dorso-apical a -setae on last three segments (MZUSP15880). Scale bars: 100 M m (A–K); 20 M m (L); 5 M m (M). Description Cp (figure 6A–F). Valves relatively large (Le~470–533 M m) and elongated (Le:H~2.15–2.29), LV w RV on all sides, dorsal margin straight, ventral margin slightly sinuous, posterior margin broadly rounded, nearly straight, anterior margin asymmetrically produced towards the ventral side. Maximum height at the middle in lateral view. RV without postero-ventral keel, LV with small anteroventral and always with large postero-ventral internal teeth. Anterior inner lamella absent. Hinge adont. Cms a rosette of ca nine relatively large scars. A1 (figure 2A). First segment of A1 stout with two dorsal setae; second segment bearing three setae: two shorter, subequal and one long (the latter ca three times as long as the former); third segment with ventral seta and dorsal seta s1; fourth segment with one ventral and two dorsal setae (s2 and s3), s2 being the longest of the three s-setae, ventro-apical seta on third segment longer than that on fourth segment, reaching the edge of fourth segment; fifth podomere bearing four apical setae, two shorter, subequal ventral setae and two longer ones in dorsal position; last podomere with subapical aesthetasc and two apical setae, the ventral one about half the length of the dorsal one; last three segments of endopodite with dorso-apical a -setae. A2 (figure 2B). Protopodite biarticulated, first segment with two ventral setae and a dorsal hook (h), second segment with long, dorsal seta. Exopodite (exo) situated dorsally, with two apical setae, one long, the second about two-thirds of the length of the former, and a lateral, conical spine. Endopodite threesegmented; first podomere with ventral clump of aesthetascs (three to four) in proximal position and two large setae on the expanded ventro-apical corner; second podomere with medio-ventral aesthetasc y1 seta-like, distally pointed, aestetasc y2 ventro-apically positioned, with rounded tip; distal chaetotaxy with aesthetasc y3 relatively large, with rounded tip, G3 a medium-large, seta-like claw, hirsute in the distal three-quarters, G1 a large claw, G2 the shortest claw, z1 a large claw, equal to G1, z2 a short claw, z3 a short and stout seta; third endopodite short and stout, with ventral aesthetasc (y3) and two apical claws, one shorter (GM), about two-thirds of the length of the larger one (Gm). Md-palp (figure 2C). Three-segmented, consisting of basis and two-segmented endopodite. First podomere of endopodite distally widened, with one external, subapical seta w and three apical setae: one median x slightly longer than half the length of the external ones, and two long lateral ones of subequal length y and z, the latter reaching the middle of the largest apical claws on the next segment; second podomere narrow, with five apically hirsute, unequal claws, one short internal seta c, and two subapical, external setae a and b, the latter subequal, reaching the middle of the largest claws. Mx1, T 1–3 (not illustrated). As typical of the genus. Caudal ramus and abdomen (figure 2D). Caudal ramus with one long and slender seta. Postabdomen absent. Measurements Le~470–530 M m, H~213–250 M m ( N ~9), Le:H~2.15–2.29. Ecology and distribution Thus far, P. reidae n. sp. has been found only in water pouches in bromeliads and mostly in low numbers. It is, however, not impossible that this species also occurs in other types of habitats. Differential diagnosis Penthesilenula reidae n. sp. is closely related to the brasiliensis -cluster described above, yet differs in a sufficient number of details to merit specific status. Most differences are in the morphology of the valves, which are significantly more elongated (Le:H 2.15–2.29 as compared to 1.94–2.00 and 2.02–2.13 for the two Brazilian lineages of P. brasiliensis ) and have less pointed anterior margins than in any of the P. brasiliensis -lineages. Soft part morphology is almost identical to that in the P. brasiliensis lineages, except for a few details in chaetotaxy. However, it should be noted that the variability of these features in some cases overlaps with that of P. brasiliensis . The differences are: (1) claw GM (the shorter claw on the terminal segment of the A2) slightly longer compared to the longer claw (Gm) than in P. brasiliensis ; (2) ventro-apical seta on third segment of A1 relatively shorter than corresponding seta in P. brasiliensis ; (3) setae y and z, and a and b, on mandibular palp relatively shorter than in P. brasiliensis . The new species differs from all other species of the africana -group of Penthesilenula in the same features that distinguish P. brasiliensis s. s . Remarks One small, elongated specimen (Le~420 M m, H~193 M m, figure 6F) from Boracéia forest is here provisionally assigned to P. reidae . The general shape of the specimen agrees well with that of the new species, although it falls into the size class of lineage b in P. brasiliensis . As only one specimen was found, no further anatomical data are available. This specimen either belongs to yet a different species, or constitutes the lower size range of P. reidae .