Bumblebees of the hypnorum-complex world-wide including two new near-cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Author Williams, Paul H. 38A45E0C-02A8-407E-8E89-5162D454E9FE Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. paw@nhm.ac.uk Author Dorji, Phurpa 86E9789F-3441-4BD9-AF4C-B0A06B3CA20A Royal Society for Protection of Nature, Thimphu, Bhutan. pdorji@rspnbhutan.org Author Ren, Zongxin 27B9DD39-62A8-44D3-9D6A-E6C20D8AAA27 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn Author Xie, Zhenghua 781BE0E9-E41C-41A3-875A-120F5770C20D Institute of Highland Forest Science, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China. & Key Laboratory of Breeding and Utilization of Resource Insects of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China. cnbees@gmail.com Author Orr, Michael 1E7F46C3-870E-460C-A611-BA1042ED99FB Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China. & Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D- 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. michael.christopher.orr@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2022 2022-11-22 847 46 72 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1981 journal article 194624 10.5852/ejt.2022.847.1981 531573c2-bb29-4194-8c2a-dfb98b951640 2118-9773 7359161 EF8AD40D-0DD3-43F3-BE5A-93F0044C73FB hypnorum -complex Bombus taiwanensis Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu, 2022 Bombus wolongensis Williams, Ren & Xie sp. nov. Bombus bryorum Richards, 1930 stat. rev. = fletcheri Richards, 1934 Bombus hypnorum ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) = calidus Erichson, 1851 Bombus koropokkrus Sakagami & Ishikawa, 1972 stat. rev. = insularis Sakagami & Ishikawa, 1969 , not of Smith (1861) Bombus hengduanensis Williams, Ren & Xie sp. nov. Bombus perplexus Cresson, 1863 = hudsonicus Cresson, 1863 Fig. 2. Distribution of barcoded samples of the hypnorum -complex and B. perplexus Cresson, 1863 , with the interpretations as separate candidate species from Fig. 1 shown as different coloured spots as per the colour key on the left. Relief map with hill shading, polar projection (north pole shown as a star), the international boundaries and the Arctic Circle are shown as narrow grey lines, and the northern tree line shown as a broad grey line. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap (© 2014 Esri). Key to species for females of the hypnorum -complex Future identification of the species of the hypnorum -complex recognised here will be most reliable for specimens when made from COI-barcode data, which are available for comparison of nucleotide differences with the reference data in BOLD. A key using morphological shape, surface sculpturing, and hair-colour-pattern characters follows below, with the most reliable characters placed at the beginning of each couplet. Our results imply that in many cases we should be able to assign most reliably the specimens with locality labels to species on the basis of their collection locality alone. All identifications of species from the key or from the figures should be checked against the species’ diagnoses within the accounts for each species. Diagrams showing the variation in the colour-patterns of the dorsal hair are presented in Figs 3‒50 . These diagrams summarise only the major differences ( Williams 2007 ) rather than the details (e.g., Williams 1991 : figs 311‒316). This is a simplification to aid quantitative comparisons and inevitably requires compromises. Colour-pattern variation within species is established with reference to particular individuals identified from COI barcodes. 1. Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with only one row of larger medium punctures; clypeus in the central area with scattered widely-spaced small punctures and the very large punctures spaced by more than three times their own diameter .............................................. 2 – Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with a broad band of scattered larger medium punctures; clypeus in the central area with a longitudinal band of small punctures and with very large punctures, some spaced by just twice their own diameter ............................................... 4 2. Thoracic dorsum with the hair black; midleg and hindleg basitarsi with integument orange-brown ( Taiwan) ................................................................. B. taiwanensis Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu, 2022 – Thoracic dorsum with the hair predominantly brown or yellow; midleg and hindleg basitarsi with integument dark brown or black …................................................................................................... 3 3. Thoracic dorsum predominantly brown, in the centre of the scutum without black hair; labral lamella broad and shallowly rounded, almost rectangular (Himalaya) ............... B. bryorum Richards, 1930 – Hair of the thoracic dorsum dull yellow, in the centre of the scutum with a dense central spot of black hair; labral lamella narrow and deeply rounded, almost pointed in the middle ( Sichuan , Yunnan ) ...................................................................... B. wolongensis Williams, Ren & Xie sp. nov. 4. Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with a broad band of small and medium punctures, in the posterior shining gap opposite the ocelli the small punctures spaced by about their own breadths; T5 posteriorly in the middle, anterior to the smooth posterior margin, with a narrow band of close large punctures extending for less than an eighth of the length of the tergum ........... 5 – Head with the ocello-ocular area along the inner eye margin with a broad band of medium and small punctures, in the posterior shining gap opposite the ocelli the small punctures spaced by much more than their own breadths; T5 posteriorly in the middle, anterior to the smooth posterior margin, with a broad band of close large punctures extending for at least a quarter of the length of the tergum. 6 5. Hair of T4 either the posterior half white or white at least in a continuous band along the posterior margin; labral tubercle on its broad outer lateral and anterior-facing surface in the centre smooth, with large punctures only along the dorsal and lateral edges (Palaearctic) ......... B. hypnorum s. str. – Hair of T4 either the posterior half black or with only a few white hairs along the posterior margin; labral tubercle on its broad outer lateral and anterior-facing surface in the centre with a few very large punctures scattered throughout (Hengduan, North China ) ........................................................ ............................................................................... B. hengduanensis Williams, Ren & Xie sp. nov. 6. Clypeus in the centre with widely scattered large punctures with more numerous small punctures between them; scutum with the hair usually dull yellow (sometimes dull pale brown), T5 hair usually entirely black, but sometimes white or cream posteriorly and occasionally throughout (Nearctic) .. ................................................................................................................. B. perplexus Cresson, 1863 – Clypeus in the centre with widely scattered large punctures with fewer small punctures between them; scutum with the hair orange-brown, T5 hair usually entirely white, but sometimes only along the posterior margin ( Japan , Sakhalin) ....................................................... B. koropokkrus stat. rev. Accounts of the species Accounts of the seven accepted species of the hypnorum -complex follow below. Square brackets [ Bombus xus ] are used to indicate transliterations, translations, interpretations and unavailable names outside the species group (sensu ICZN 1999 ), including selected misspellings, misidentifications, and infrasubspecific names.