Revision of Disphaerobius Attems, 1926 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae: Pterygoterginae), a centipede genus with remarkable sexual dimorphism Author Farzalieva, Gyulli Sh. Author Nefediev, Pavel S. Author Tuf, Ivan H. text Zootaxa 2017 4258 2 121 137 journal article 33157 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.2.2 68f409e0-4682-45e1-a2ea-2d9de8d999ba 1175-5326 569419 949BAF3D-D8DF-4BC5-98CB-1F2D946EF802 Disphaerobius loricatus ( Sseliwanoff, 1881 ) comb. nov. Figs 22–26 Lithobius loricatus — Sseliwanoff, 1881 : 16 (♂). Lithobius magnificus — Trotzina, 1895 : 108 , Taf. I: figs 1–4 ( ♂ ) syn. nov. Disphaerobius magnificus — Attems 1927 : 243 (new comb.). Lithobius loricatus — Zalesskaja 1978 : 119 (♂); Farzalieva & Zalesskaja 2003 : 265 , 266: figs 1–13 (♂♂, ♀♀). Material examined: Type material: Holotype male ( ZIL , No. 94), labelled in Latin “ Lithobius loricatus Ssel. ♂ , inter Semipalatinsk et Ajagus , leg. A. Schrenk ” = Kazakhstan , East Kazakhstan Region, between Semey and Ayagoz , no date, leg. A. Schrenk . Allotype : 1 female ( ZMUM ), Russia , Orenburg Area, Sol-Iletsk District , Chybynda , base of limestone denudation, slope, VI.2000 , leg. S.L. Esyunin & G.Sh . Farzalieva. 2 males , 1 female ( PSU , No. 116), same locality, limestone plateau, saline land with Astragalus , VI.2000 , leg. S.L. Esyunin & G.Sh. Farzalieva . Other material examined: Russia : Orenburg Area: 1 male , 2 females ( ZMUM ), Sol-Iletsk District , Chybynda , base of limestone denudation, slope, limestone plateau, salina with Astragalus growth, VI.2000 , leg. S.L. Esyunin & G.Sh . Farzalieva; 1 male, 1 female ( PSU , No. 179), 1 male ( PSU , No. 147), same locality, limestone slope, V–VI.2003 , leg. T.K. Tuneva ; 1 male, 3 females ( ZMUM ), same locality, V.2015 , leg. S.L. Esyunin ; 1 male, 1 female ( PSU , No. 117), near Aituar Village , stony scree under rock, V.1996 , leg. T.I. Gridina & same locality, scree on bank of Ural River , V.2015 , leg. S. Dedyukhin; 1 male, 2 females ( PSU , No. 450), near Boevaya Gora Village , steppe, IV.2009 , leg. V.O. Kozminykh & same locality, stony steppe , V.2015 , leg. S.L. Esyunin; 1 female ( PSU , No. 191), Donguz steppe, under stones, IV.2000 , leg. S.L. Esyunin & G.Sh. Farzalieva; 9 males, 6 females ( PSU , No. 316), 3 km NW Pervomaiskii Village , steppe, Stipa , VI.2007 & same locality, Donguz steppe , X.2007 – V.2008 , V.2009 , all leg. V.O. Kozminykh; 1 male, 2 females ( PSU , No. 481), Svetlinskii District , near Dombarovkii Village , steppe, V.2015 , leg. S.L. Esyunin ; 6 males, 5 females ( PSU , No. 448), Sol-Iletsk District , 8 km SW Troitsk Village , Tasbulak dried-up river-bed, cretaceous sediments, 8–22.VI.2008 , leg. V.O. Kozminykh & V.A. Nemkov . Kazakhstan : 1 female ( PSU , No. 483), Aktobe Region , Mugalzhar District , 30 km E of Emba Village , Mugodzhar Hills , N 48˚46′, E 58˚32′, 550 m a.s.l. , no date, leg. A.V. Ivanov . Diagnosis. In D . loricatus males, T 14 is the broadest, but without two lobes ( Figs 22 & 26 ). In females, T 12 is of similar length and width, concave at the rear edge, without formed lobes ( Farzalieva & Zalesskaja 2003: Fig. 10 ). The main differences between D . svenhedini and D . loricatus are summarized in Table 3 . Description. See a detailed redescription by Farzalieva & Zalesskaja (2003) . FIGURES 21–24. Disphaerobius svenhedini (Verhoeff, 1934) comb. nov. (21) from Kazakhstan and D . loricatus (Sseliwanoff, 1881) comb. nov. (22–24) from Chybynda, Orenburg Area, Russia. 21, female rear body fragment (dorsal view); 22, male rear body fragment (dorsal view); 23, male front body fragment (dorsal view); 24, male head (ventral view). Without scale. FIGURES 25–29. Disphaerobius loricatus (Sseliwanoff, 1881) comb. nov. (25–28) from Chybynda, Orenburg Area, Russia and D . svenhedini (Verhoeff, 1934) comb. nov. (29) from China, type locality. 25, male 15F (dorsolateral view); 26, male TT 13–14 (dorsal view); 27, male ocelli and Tömösváry’s organ (indicated by arrow) (lateral view); 28, female gonopod (dorsolateral view); 29, male TT 11–14 (dorsal view) (without scale, after Verhoeff (1934b)). Scale: 25–26—1 mm; 27–28— 0.5 mm. Remarks. The head and tergites are strongly punctate; the forcipules broadened, significantly extended beyond the cephalic plate ( Fig. 23 ), the trochanteroprefemur is slightly concave on the inner surface, with an almost straight, ventral, chitinous rib ( Fig. 24 ). All males have T 14 and Tim broadened and serrate, especially strongly broadened is T 14, their surface roughly rugose ( Figs 22 & 26 ). In addition, some specimens show serrate edges of T 13 and slightly serrate posterolateral edges of T 12. In all males, 15F are thickened, with two distinct sulci, i.e. a poorly expressed dorsolateral sulcus and a deep dorsal sulcus, the latter forming apically a round tubercle supporting a cluster of thick and short setae; some specimens in addition with 1 or 2 poorly expressed dorsal sulci on 15P; 15Ti with a barely visible dorsolateral sulcus. In most males, very fine and dense setae cover rear halves of SS 14–15, as well as 14C, 13P, F and Ti ventrally. Tarsi 1–13 with two ventral tarsal pectens. TABLE 3. Main morphological differences between Disphaerobius svenhedini (Verhoeff, 1934) comb. nov. and D . loricatus (Sseliwanoff, 1881) comb. nov. Disphaerobius svenhedini (Verhoeff, 1934) Disphaerobius loricatus ( Sseliwanoff, 1881 ) comb. comb. nov. nov.

Male forcipules	trochanteroprefemur with a big notch on inner edge (Fig. 17)	trochanteroprefemur with a small notch on inner edge (Figs 23, 24)
Macrotergites	macrotergites starting from 10 strongly carved on hind margins, forming blades	macrotergites only with small cuttings on hind margins, without blades
Male modified tergites	TT 10–Tim; most modified T 12: with big saw- like serrate wing-like outgrowths, forming clear margin between blades in the middle. Tergite surface almost smooth, only slightly punctated (Figs 6, 16, 18 & 29)	TT 14 and Tim (sometimes 12 and 13); most modified T 14: thickened irregularly serrate lateral edges, without blades on the rear edges. Tergite surface strongly wrinkled (Figs 22, 26)
Female gonopods	with 3+3 (2+2 in original description)	with 2+2 spurs

Distribution ( Fig. 30 ): Steppe zone from the Sol-Iletsk District, Orenburg Area, Russia in the west to the East Kazakhstan Region of Kazakhstan ( Sseliwanoff 1881 ) in the east.