Review of the plant bug genus Prolygus and related mirine taxa from eastern Asia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Author Yasunaga, Tomohide Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA, c / o Nameshi Author Schwartz, Michael D. - 33 - Author Chérot, Frédéric Département de l’Etude du Milieu Naturel et Agricole, Service Public de Wallonie, Gembloux, BE- 5030, Belgium; text Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 2018 Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 2018-09-07 58 2 357 388 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aemnp-2018-0030 journal article 5802 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0030 16533e21-bbe3-46c1-a4ba-70fca1112446 1804-6487 4504807 D9893299-697F-4AA1-99D5-9575B313DB0D Prolygus nigriclavus ( Poppius, 1915 ) ( Figs 6–11 , 16–17 , 33–36 , 48 , 68 ) Lygus nigriclavus Poppius, 1915: 35 (original description). Lygus nigriclavus : POPPIUS (1914) : 340 (key). Dagbertus nigriclavus : MIYAMOTO (1975) :133 (new combination); SCHUH (1995) : 752 (catalog). Prolygus nigriclavus : SCHWARTZ & KERZHNER (1997) :255 (new combination); KERZHNER & JOSIFOV (1999) : 172 (catalog); ZHENG et al. (2004) : 561 (diagnosis, key). Neolygus nigriscutellaris Lu & Zheng, 2004 in ZHENG et al. (2004) : 414 , 750 (original description). New synonymy. Type material examined. Lygus nigriclavus : HOLOTYPE : ♀ , TAIWAN : Chip-Chip [currently Nantou County , 23.83, 120.77] 9 Feb, H . Sauter ( HNHM , without USIs, examined by F. Chérot , Fig. 68 ). Additional material examined. TAIWAN : KAGI : Tek-kia, 23.50, 120.69, 13 Apr 1965 , S. Miyamoto, 1 ♁ ( TYCN ) ( AMNH _PB I 00380499); Fenchihu, 10 Apr 1965 , T. Shirozu, 1 ♀ ( TYCN ). NANTOU : Huiseun Forest Area, forest trail no. 45 toward Guandao, 24°04 ′ 57.9 ″ N 121°01 ′ 54.9 ″ E , 1000–1200 m , 14 Mar 2017 , T. Yasunaga ( TYCN ). TAOYUAN : Tengihih National Forest Recreation Area, 23.06, 120.75, 12–13 May 1989 , S. Gotoh, 2 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀ ( TYCN ). INDONESIA : SUMATRA : Brastagi, North of Toba Lake, 3.18, 98.50, 1,400 m , UV light trap, 7 Dec 1989 , T. Yasunaga, 1 ♁ ( TYCN ) ( AMNH _PBI 00380500). MALAYSIA : PERAK : Taiping, Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), 4.8624 , 100.7999 , 1100 m , UV light trap, 6 Jan 1990 , T.Yasunaga, 1 ♁ ( TYCN ) ( AMNH _PBI 00380501). NEPAL : KATHMANDU VALLEY: Samakhusi, Gongabu, 27°43 ′ 59.5 ″ N , 85°18 ′ 49 ″ E , 1,300 m , UV light trap, 31 May 2005 , T.Yasunaga, 1♀ ( TYCN ) ( AMNH _PBI 00380502); Swayambhu, Natural History Museum Garden, 27°42 ′ 52.8 ″ N , 85°17 ′ 13.5 ″ E , 1,350 m , on inflorescence of Trema ? sp., 12 May 2006 , T. Yasunaga, 1 ♁ 1 ♀ ( TYCN ). KASKI : Pokhara, 4 Nov 2005 , T. Yasunaga, 1 ♁ ( TYCN ). RASUWA : Langtang Himal National Park, trekking path between Ghora Tabela and Lama Hotel, 28.18, 85.44, flowers of Cotoneaster affinis , 6 Jun 2006 , T.Yasunaga, 1 ♁ (5th instar when collected; emerging on June 13) ( NMTU ). THAILAND : CHIANG MAI: Doi Pui, 18.8, 98.8, 1,400 m , 15 May 2001 , S. Sakurai, 4 ♀♀ ( TYCN ). Redescription. Detailed description of the holotype female ( Fig. 66 ) was provided by POPPIUS (1915) and is not repeated here. Male. Total length of body 3.47–3.65 mm , basically similar to female, but darker patterns on dorsum variable, particularly on pronotum and hemelytron (cf. Fig. 8 ) often extensive. COLOURATION: Body yellowish brown, elongate-oval, subparallel-sided; vertex uniformly pale ( Fig. 7 ), sometimes with a dark spot at middle ( Fig. 8 ); clypeus usually infuscate. Antenna dark brown, except for segment I pale brown. More than posterior third of pronotum and entire scutellum fuscous. Pronotum more or less darkened posteriorly (sometimes almost entirely fuscous), except for always pale posterior margin. Hemelytron shiny pale yellowish brown, somewhat tinged with green in fresh specimens; clavus, and inner margin of corium fuscous; base of clavus more or less keeled. Coxae and legs creamy yellow (fading to pale brown in dried specimens); metafemur pale reddish brown at apical half, with two obscure rings subapically; tibial spines pale brown; each tarsomere III darkened. Abdomen shiny fuscous; ventral median part largely yellow. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsal surface shining, with uniformly distributed, silky, semierect setae; head smooth; vertex faintly carinate basally. GENITALIA ( Figs 33–36 ): Pygophore with a weak, tiny PS ( Fig. 33 ). Left paramere ( Fig. 34 ) with rather tumid sensory lobe; hypophysis strongly protruded mesially, with a short process ventrally. Right paramere well developed, weakly curved at basal third, with a small, blunt-tipped hypophysis ( Fig. 35 ). Endosomal primary lobe sclerite horn-like; third lobe with a small, spinulate sclerite at apex; secondary gonopore small, thick-rimmed; seminal duct expanded subapically ( Fig. 36 ). Measurements (in mm). ♁/ ♀ : Total length of body 3.47–3.65 / 3.92; head width including eyes 0.88–0.89 / 0.87–0.88; vertex width 0.21 / 0.31–0.33; lengths of antennal segments I–IV 0.40, 1.29, 0.66, 0.44 / 0.45, 1.35, 0.77, 0.45; labial length 1.22 / 1.28; mesal length of pronotum including collar 0.70 / 0.77; basal width of pronotum 1.20 / 1.35; maximum width across hemelytron 1.25–1.32 / 1.47–1.50; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 1.28, 1.92, 0.47 / 1.40, 1.95, 0.47. Nymph. Final-instar nymph ( Fig. 9 ) is recognized by its generally yellow (partly tinged with green), ovoid, slightly elongate body; sparse, simple, short vestiture on dorsum; pale tibial spines; and reddish apical half of metafemur. Differential diagnosis of adults. Recognized readily by elongate ovoid, medium sized body ( Figs 6–8 , 46 ); yellowish brown general colouration; darkened posterior part of pronotum, inner part of corium, and entire scutellum and clavus; and pale orange-brown apical half of metafemur. Biology. Both adults and final-instar immatures of this mirid were collected from inflorescences of several unidentified broadleaf trees in Nepal and Thailand . A male adult was found on flowers of Styrax formosana Matsum. (Styracaceae) in Taiwan . In Rasuwa District, Nepal , a final-instar nymph was captured from inflorescence of Cotoneaster affinis Lindl. (Rosaceae) , which is considered as one of the breeding hosts, successfully developed into adult after a week reared with flesh of mango and banana as alternative diets ( Figs 9–11 ). Distribution. Taiwan ( Nantou , Kagi, Taoyuan ) ( POPPIUS 1915 and additional records), Indonesia ( Sumatra ) (new record), Malaysia ( Perak ) (new record), Laos ( Bolikhamsai ) (new record), Nepal (Kathmandu Valley, Kasuki, Rasuwa) (new records), Thailand ( Chiang Mai , Nakhon Ratchasima ) (new records). Comments. Judging from the overall features (elongate body form, keeled base of clavus, presence of a weak pygophoral spine, developed right paramere, general shape of endosoma, thick-rimmed, ovoid female sclerotized rings and wide, rectangular interramal lobes), the placement of this species in Prolygus is certain. However, its most closely related congener is yet to be confirmed. Now P. nigriclavus is known widely from Taiwan and the Oriental Region.