A new species and new records of goatfishes of the genus Parupeneus (Mullidae) from the Indian Ocean, with updated occurrence information for P. jansenii in the Western Pacific Author Uiblein, Franz Author Hoang, Tuan Anh Author Alama, Ulysses Author Causse, Romain Author Chacate, Osvaldo E. Author Fahmi Author Garibay, Soledad Author Matiku, Patroba text Cybium 2018 2018-10-31 42 3 229 256 http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/10.26028/cybium/2018-423-002 journal article 10.26028/10.26028/cybium/2018-423-002 2101-0315 13471232 330063E5-E290-4661-8980-9FE014C18885 Parupeneus fraserorum Randall & King, 2009 Fraser’s goatfish ( Figs 1 , 4 , 5 ; Tab. III) Parupeneus fraserorum Randall & King, 2009 ( type locality off South Africa , south of Durban ). Parupeneus fraserorum : Randall and Heemstra, 2009 ; Uiblein et al. , 2017b . Holotype . – SAIAB 81385, 150 mm SL. WIO , South Africa , reef off Pumala (near Hibberdine), south of Durban , 30°40’3”S- 30°35’40”E , 57 m depth . Paratype . – SAIAB 81386, 150 mm SL , WIO , South Africa , reef off Pumala (near Hibberdine), south of Durban , 30°38’7”S- 30°33’38”E . Non-type material. – ( n = 16, 93-137 mm SL). WIO , Mozambique : SAM 34150 , 4 , 120-136 mm SL, Mozambique , 24°56’S- 35°12’E , R / V Algoa , 88 m depth ; SAM 34151 , 3 , 106- 125 mm SL, Mozambique , 24°59’S- 35°11’E , R / V Algoa , 105 m depth ; SAIAB 81744, 133 mm SL, 26°30.4’S- 32°58.4’E , R / V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen , 82 m depth ; South Africa : SAIAB 87786, 130 mm SL, South Africa , Richards Bay , 28°50.26’S- 32°11.35’E , 50 m depth ; Madagascar : SAIAB 82829 , 5 , 93-119 mm SL, 25°8.95’S- 47°6.92’E , R / V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen , 81 m depth ; SAIAB 97405, 137 mm SL, Madagascar , Anosy , Fort Dauphin , Libanona Beach , 25°02.347’S- 46°59.743’E , gill net ; SAIAB 188284, 143 mm SL, Madagascar , 25°03.16’S- 47°4.41’E , R / V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen , 64-69 m depth . Diagnosis Pectoral fins 15-17; lateral-line scales 27-28; gill rakers 5-8 + 22-24 = 27-31; measurements in % SL, large-sized fish: body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 30-34; body depth at anus 25-28; caudal-peduncle depth 9.9-12; maximum head depth 27-31; head depth through eye 24-26; interorbital length 8.3- 10; head length 31-34; snout length 15-18; postorbital length 11-14; orbit length 6.9-8.3; upper jaw length 11-13; barbel length 22-26; caudal-peduncle length 19-23; caudal-fin length 27-30; anal-fin height 11-14; pelvic-fin length 24-27; pectoral-fin length 27-29; first dorsal-fin height 15-18; second dorsal-fin height 10-13; small-sized fish: body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 30-33; body depth at anus 25-27; caudal-peduncle depth 10-11; maximum head depth 27-30; head depth through eye 23-25; interorbital length 8.0-9.5; head length 33-34; snout length 15; postorbital length 11; orbit length 8.3-8.4; upper jaw length 11-12; barbel length 23-25; caudal-peduncle length 21-23; caudal-fin length 29-30; anal-fin height 13; pelvic-fin length 25-26; pectoral-fin length 27-28; first dorsal-fin height 16-18; second dorsal-fin height 12; posterior maxilla margin evenly, symmetrically rounded; body and head pale pinkish or orangish brown dorsally, white ventrally; faint blue lines in front of eyes; small brown spot (~½ pupil diameter) at upper end of gill opening; orange-yellow stripe from behind eye to dorsal half of caudal-fin base, following lateral line for anterior two thirds of body; pale orange or red patch at pectoral-fin bases; scales often with pale blue iridescence in centre, scale edges darker; 2 nd dorsal fin pale orange to red with wavy pale blue and/or yellow lines; caudal fin pale orange to red, with iridescent blue longitudinal streaks in live fish; barbels white, with or without yellow tips; preserved fish pale or pale brown to pale grey. Figure 4. – Standard length against five morphometric characters in Parupeneus fraserorum vs. P. procerigena . In each species the two size groups are distinguished Table III. – Quantitative morphological characters for Parupeneus fraserorum . * Includes HT and one PT.

Large-sized fish			Small-sized fish
South Africa* Madagascar					Mozambique All large-sized fish Madagascar Mozambique All small-sized fish
Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n										n = 2		n = 1	n = 3
SL (mm)	130 143.2 150 3 110 121.9 137 5 110 125.8 136 7 110 128.0 150 15										93	108	106	93	102.2	108
Morphometric characters in % SL
Body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 34		34.1	34 3 30	32.0	33	5 31	32.0	33 7 30	32.4	34 15	30	33	32	30	31.4	33
Body depth at anal-fin origin	27	27.8	28 3 26	26.8	27	5 25	26.8	28 7 25	27.0	28 15	25	27	26	25	25.9	27
Half body depth at first dorsal fin origin	25	25.9	27 3 24	25.6	28	5 24	25.2	27 7 24	25.5	28 15	24	25	25	24	24.7	25
Half body depth at anal fin origin	19	19.8	20 3 18	19.3	20	5 18	19.7	22 7 18	19.6	22 15	19	18	19	18	18.6	19
Caudal-peduncle depth	11	11.4	12 3 10	10.7	11	5 9.9	10.7	11 7 9.9	10.9	12 15	10	11	11	10	10.7	11
Caudal-peduncle width	4.3	4.7	5.1 3 4.2	4.6	5.0 5 4.2		4.7	5.6 7 4.2	4.7	5.6 15 4.4		4.9	4.8	4.4	4.7	4.9
Maximum head depth	31	30.9	31 2 27	29.0	30	5 28	29.1	30 7 27	29.3	31 14	27	30	29	27	28.4	30
Head depth through eye	25	25.9	26 3 24	24.7	26	5 25	25.3	26 7 24	25.2	26 15	23	25	24	23	24.0	25
Suborbital depth	15	15.4	16 3 15	15.5	16	5 15	15.4	16 7 15	15.4	16 15	13	14	16	13	14.4	16
Interorbital length	8.8	9.4	10 3 8.5	9.0	9.4 5 8.3		9.1	10 7 8.3	9.1	10 15 8.0		9.5	8.6	8.0	8.7	9.5
Head length	34	34.0	34 3 33	33.5	34	5 31	32.7	34 7 31	33.2	34 15	33	34	33	33	33.2	34
Snout length	17	17.6	18 3 15	16.2	17	5 15	16.2	17 7 15	16.5	18 15	15	15	15	15	15.1	15
Postorbital length	11	11.4	12 3 11	11.2	11	5 11	11.5	14 7 11	11.4	14 15	11	11	11	11	11.2	11
Orbit length	7.4	7.7	8.0 3 6.9	7.7	8.3 5 6.9		7.5	8.2 7 6.9	7.6	8.3 15 8.3		8.3	8.4	8.3	8.4	8.4
Orbit depth	6.4	6.9	7.3 3 6.4	6.9	7.4 5 6.4		6.7	7.4 7 6.4	6.8	7.4 15 7.6		7.5	7.6	7.5	7.6	7.6
Upper-jaw length	12	12.2	12 3 11	12.0	12	5 12	12.4	13 7 11	12.2	13 15	11	12	11	11	11.2	12
Lower-jaw length	11	11.7	12 3 11	11.5	12	5 11	11.8	12 7 11	11.7	12 15	10	12	10	10	10.9	12
Maxilla depth	6.1	6.2	6.5 3 6.1	6.2	6.4 5 6.0		6.3	6.6 7 6.0	6.3	6.6 15 5.8		6.3	6.3	5.8	6.1	6.3
Snout width	9.6	9.8	10 3 8.2	8.9	9.6 5 9.0		9.9	10 6 8.2	9.5	10 14 8.2		9.0	9.5	8.2	8.9	9.5
Barbel length	26	25.9	26 3 23	24.0	26	5 22	22.8	26 7 22	23.8	26 15	23	25	23	23	23.8	25
Maximum barbel width	1.1	1.1	1.2 3 0.9	1.0	1.0 5 0.8		1.0	1.1 7 0.8	1.0	1.2 15 1.1		1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
First predorsal length	42	43.1	44 3 40	41.3	43	5 40	41.1	42 7 40	41.6	44 15	41	42	41	41	41.4	42
Second predorsal length	64	65.3	66 3 62	64.4	66	5 63	64.3	66 7 62	64.5	66 15	66	65	65	65	65.1	66
Interdorsal distance	11	11.1	12 3 9.6	10.5	11	5 10	10.6	11 7 9.6	10.7	12 15	11	10	9.7	9.7	10.3	11
Caudal-peduncle length	20	20.7	22 3 19	20.0	21	5 19	21.1	23 7 19	20.6	23 15	23	22	21	21	22.0	23
Pre-anal length	61	62.7	63 3 63	64.5	65	5 61	63.1	66 7 61	63.5	66 15	65	65	65	65	64.9	65
Prepelvic length	32	33.0	34 3 32	33.7	35	5 33	33.8	36 7 32	33.6	36 15	35	34	36	34	34.7	36
Prepectoral length	34	34.5	35 3 33	34.2	36	5 32	33.3	35 7 32	33.8	36 15	34	36	33	33	34.3	36
Second dorsal-fin depth	27	28.3	29 3 26	27.8	28	5 25	27.3	29 7 25	27.6	29 15	26	28	27	26	26.9	28
Pelvic-fin depth	34	34.0	34 3 30	31.8	34	5 31	32.1	33 7 30	32.4	34 15	30	33	32	30	31.6	33
Pectoral-fin depth	21	22.6	24 3 21	22.0	24	5 21	22.0	22 7 21	22.1	24 15	22	23	21	21	21.8	23
Length of first dorsal-fin base	16	17.5	19 3 17	17.3	18	5 16	17.7	19 7 16	17.5	19 15	17	18	18	17	17.5	18

Table III. – Continued. Large-sized fish Small-sized fish South Africa* Madagascar Mozambique All large-sized fish Madagascar Mozambique All small-sized fish Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n n = 2 n = 1 n = 3 Length of second dorsal-fin base 18 18.6 19 3 16 17.7 20 5 16 17.1 18 7 16 17.6 20 15 17 17 17 17 16.8 17 Caudal-fin length 28 28.7 29 3 28 29.1 30 5 27 27.8 29 6 27 28.5 30 14 29 29 30 29 29.5 30 Length of anal-fin base 13 14.0 15 3 13 14.2 15 5 14 14.9 16 7 13 14.5 16 15 12 14 15 12 13.6 15 Anal-fin height 11 11.3 12 3 11 12.7 14 5 12 13.1 14 7 11 12.6 14 15 13 13 13 13 13.0 13 Height of anal-fin spine 2.2 2.9 3.5 2 2.1 2.7 3.3 5 2.1 2.5 2.8 7 2.1 2.6 3.5 14 2.3 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.6 3.0 Height of first anal-fin ray 10 11.0 12 3 11 11.3 12 5 9.0 10.9 12 7 9.0 11.1 12 15 11 11 11 11 11.0 11 Height of seventh anal-fin ray 11 12.5 13 3 11 12.8 14 5 11 12.4 14 7 11 12.6 14 15 11 12 11 11 11.3 12 Length of pelvic-fin spine 16 16.7 17 3 16 17.6 19 5 17 17.6 18 7 16 17.4 19 15 18 17 18 17 17.8 18 Pelvic-fin length 25 25.7 27 3 24 25.7 27 5 24 25.0 27 7 24 25.4 27 15 25 25 26 25 25.3 26 Pectoral-fin length 27 27.9 29 3 27 27.3 28 5 27 27.2 28 7 27 27.4 29 15 27 27 28 27 27.3 28 Pectoral-fin width 6.4 6.5 6.6 3 5.8 6.3 6.6 5 5.7 6.1 6.4 7 5.7 6.2 6.6 15 5.7 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.8 6.0 Height of first dorsal-fin spine 3.2 3.7 4.5 3 3.2 3.9 4.3 5 2.3 3.4 4.1 7 2.3 3.6 4.5 15 3.6 2.8 3.1 2.8 3.2 3.6 First dorsal fin height 17 17.7 18 3 15 16.7 18 4 17 17.7 18 5 15 17.4 18 12 16 18 18 16 17.4 18 Height of third dorsal-fin spine 18 19.3 21 3 18 18.9 20 5 18 19.4 21 6 18 19.2 21 14 19 19 19 19 19.2 19 Height of fourth dorsal-fin spine 17 18.4 20 3 17 18.5 20 5 18 19.1 20 7 17 18.7 20 15 18 19 19 18 18.8 19 Height of first dorsal-fin ray 9.3 10.2 11 3 10 11.1 12 5 9.8 10.6 11 7 9.3 10.7 12 15 11 10 11 10 10.5 11 Second dorsal-fin height 11 11.3 12 3 10 11.5 12 5 11 11.8 13 7 10 11.6 13 15 12 12 12 12 11.9 12 Height of eighth dorsal-fin ray 8.9 9.1 9.2 3 9.2 10.0 11 5 9.5 10.5 11 7 8.9 10.0 11 15 9.3 9.7 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.7 Height of ninth dorsal-fin ray 10 10.6 11 3 10 11.3 12 5 10 10.7 11 7 10 10.9 12 15 10 10 11 10 10.3 11 Meristic characters Pectoral-fin rays 16 16.3 17 3 16 16.0 16 5 15 16.0 17 7 15 16.1 17 15 15 16 15 15 15.3 16 Rudimentary gill rakers on upper 1 2.0 3 3 0 1.0 2 5 0 1.6 3 7 0 1.5 3 15 1 2 2 1 1.7 2 limb Developed gill rakers on upper 4 4.7 5 3 5 5.4 6 5 5 5.3 6 7 4 5.2 6 15 5 5 5 5 5.0 5 limb Developed gill rakers on lower 21 21.7 22 3 20 22.0 23 5 20 21.0 22 7 20 21.5 23 15 21 21 19 19 20.3 21 limb Rudimentary gill rakers on lower 0 0.7 1 3 0 0.8 2 5 0 1.0 2 7 0 0.9 2 15 2 1 3 1 2.0 3 limb Gill rakers on upper limb 6 6.7 7 3 5 6.4 7 5 6 6.9 8 7 5 6.7 8 15 6 7 7 6 6.7 7 Gill rakers on lower limb 22 22.3 23 3 22 22.8 24 5 22 22.0 22 7 22 22.3 24 15 23 22 22 22 22.3 23 Total gill rakers 28 29.0 30 3 27 29.2 31 5 28 28.9 30 7 27 29.0 31 15 29 29 29 29 29.0 29 Lateral-line scales 27 27.3 28 3 27 27.4 28 5 27 27.1 28 7 27 27.3 28 15 28 27 27 27 27.3 28 Distribution, depth range, and size South Africa ( KwaZulu-Natal ), southern Mozambique (new record) and southeastern Madagascar ; depth range 39-105 m ; attains at least 170 mm SL. Remarks The specimens of the Mozambican population newly reported here closely overlap with the other populations in meristic and morphometric characters, independent of size (Tab. III). The specimens of the large-sized group (> 110 mm SL) of the South African population are slightly larger than in other populations, which may best explain the occurrence of minor morphometric deviations, as allometric shape changes appear to happen in larger/older specimens, too. The only noteworthy difference between the two size classes is the larger eye size in smaller specimens, a common allometric trend in goatfishes.