Dryinidae of the Afrotropical region (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) Author Olmi, Massimo Author Copeland, Robert S. Author Noort, Simon Van text Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-10 4630 1 1 619 journal article 26202 10.11646/zootaxa.4630.1.1 db6a16a6-0fe8-4987-8ad5-42223825fcd7 1175-5326 3336635 8D375836-CCBA-473C-836F-6ABD44B4F881 8. Aphelopus wittei Benoit, 1951 ( Figs 13F , 15D, E , 17E, F ) Aphelopus wittei Benoit 1951c: 16 ; 1951d: 23 ; Olmi 1984: 62 ; Fiori 1984: 1 ; Olmi 1990b: 404 ; 1994c: 9 ; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 223 ; Olmi & van Harten 2000: 258 ; 2006: 314; Olmi 2006: 35; 2009b: 450, 456; Azevedo et al . 2010: 884 ; Olmi & Copeland 2011: 192 ; Olmi et al . 2015: 338; 2016: 51 Gymnaphelopus wittei (Benoit) : Benoit 1951d: 23 . Description . ♀ ( Fig. 17F ). Fully winged ( Fig. 15D ); body length 1.6–2.6 mm . Head black, except mandible testa- ceous and clypeus whitish; frons black, usually with more or less wide whitish spot; occasionally frons and clypeus completely black ( Fig. 15E ); antenna completely testaceous, or brown, except scape and pedicel testaceous; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs testaceous; ventral side of body usually black; in specimens with frons partly whitish, ventral side of head and mesosoma completely whitish; occasionally body completely brown or ferruginous. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 5:5:6:8:8:7:5:5:5:7. Head dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete; occipital carina complete; POL = 5.5; OL = 4; OOL = 5; OPL = 4; TL = 5. Mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metanotum dull, granulate. Notauli incomplete, usually reaching 0.65–0.80 × length of mesoscutum, occasionally reaching 0.3–0.4 × length of mesoscutum. Mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth, unsculptured or slightly granulate. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity usually with two longitudinal keels, median area usually shiny, smooth, not reticulate rugose, and lateral areas reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. ♂ ( Fig. 17E ). Fully winged; body length 1.7–2.2 mm . Head usually black, except mandible testaceous; clyp- eus black; occasionally frons black, except clypeus whitish; occasionally frons completely whitish, except ocellar region brown, or black, except more or less wide whitish spot; antenna usually brown, except scape and pedicel testaceous; in ♂♂ with head almost completely whitish, antenna completely testaceous; mesosoma and metasoma black (rarely mesosoma brown); legs usually completely testaceous; occasionally stalk of metafemur darkened. Antenna filiform; antennomeres in following proportions: 5.5:5:5.5:6:7:7.5:7:7:7:10. Head dull, granulate; frontal line incomplete; occipital carina complete; POL = 7.5; OL = 4; OOL = 5; OPL = 4; TL = 5. Mesoscutum , mesoscutellum and metanotum dull, granulate; notauli incomplete, usually reaching approximately 0.65 × length of mesoscutum, occasionally reaching 0.4 × length of mesoscutum. Mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth, slightly granulate or unsculptured. Metapectal-propodeal disc reticulate rugose; propodeal declivity usually with two longitudinal keels, median area usually shiny, smooth, unsculptured, and lateral areas reticulate rugose; occasionally propodeal de- clivity without longitudinal keels, completely reticulate rugose. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Basivolsella ( Fig. 13F ) with 2 subdistal bristles; in specimen from Kenya , 00°23.73’N 34°53.165’E , one of basivolsellae has 2 subdistal bristles and the other one has 1 subdistal bristle. In specimen from South Africa , 33°44.090’S 21°55.654’E , parameres strongly bent and much shorter than penis. Tibial spurs 1/1/2. Material examined . Types : ♀ holotype : DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO : North Kivu , Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), between Ngesho and Bishakishaki, Kashwa , 2000 m , 7–23.I.1935 , Mission G.F. de Witte ( MRAC ). Paratypes : DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO : North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mokoto, Burunga, 2000 m , 17–19.III.1934 , Mission G. F. de Witte, ♂ allotype ( MRAC ); same locality label as allotype , 1♂ ( NHMUK ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Volc. Mikeno, Rweru, 2400 m , bambous, 26–27.VII.1934 , G. F. de Witte leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK ); in MRAC there are further 87 paratypes (not examined) all from North Kivu (see list in Benoit 1951c ). Other material : ANGOLA : Cuanza Sul , 7 mi. W Gabela, 16–18.III.1972 , Southern African Expedition, 2♂♂ , 2♀♀ ( NHMUK ); BOTSWANA : Chobe National Park ( USUC ). BURUNDI : Muyange, 2100 m , 11.VIII.1948 ( ISNB ); Rusizi National Park, 3.34364°S 29.27246°E , 774 m , 13–20.IV.2010 , MT near three small trees, degraded bush/grassland, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK ); Bururi National Forest, 3.93022°S 29.61697°E , 1955 m , 24.VIII–7.IX.2010 , MT, indigenous for- est, near stream, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ). CAMEROON : East Region , Messa Bengondo, 15–30.III.2003 , 13–30.IV.2003 , M. Tussac leg., 2♂♂ ( HTS ); Northwest Region , E of Big Babanki, 06°06.698’N 10°15.938’E , 1200 m , 5–13.III.2008 , Martin Riha leg., 1♀ ( OLL ); South Region , near Ebolowa, Nkoemvon, XII.1978 – I.1979 , D. Jack- son leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK ); Southwest Region , Korup, 1981, D. Jackson leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK ). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC : Nana-Mambéré Pref. , 60 km W Bouar, 05°45’N 15°13’E , 660 m , 23.III.2010 , J. Halada leg., 1♂ ( OLL ); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref. , Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’E , 510 m , 7–8.V.2001 , MT, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 4♂♂ ( SAMC ); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref. , Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, 38.6 km 173° S Lidjombo, 2°21.60’N 16°03.20’E , 350 m , 22.V.2001 , sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 12♂♂ ( SAMC ); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref. , Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Mabéa Bai, 21.4 km 53° NE Bayanga, 3°02.01’N 16°24.57’E , 510 m , 6.V.2001 , sweep, lowland rainforest, marsh clearing, CAR 01-S48, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Sangha-Mbaéré Pref. , Reserve Speciale de Forêt Dense de Dzanga-Sangha, 12.7 km 326° NW Bayanga, 3°00.27’N 16°11.55’E , 420 m , 13.V.2001 , sweep, lowland rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 8♂♂ ( SAMC ). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO : Haut- Katanga, Lubumbashi (= Elisabethville) ( RMNH , MRAC ); Haut-Uele, Wamba Territory, Kikongo Mission, 04°15’S 17°10’E , VII.2008 , MT, T. Chapman leg., 1♂ ( UCDC ); same locality label, 6 –17.IV.2006 , MT, S.L. Heydon & S.E. Stevenson leg., 1♂ ( UCDC ); same locality label, 23.IV.2006 , MT along forest edge, 1♂ ( UCDC ); North Kivu, Rut- shuru ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Munagana (=Mdagana)-Tsheugelero ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Ngesho ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), N’Dalage ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Magera Lake ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Hoyo, Yolohafiri Cave ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Hoyo ( MRAC , AMNH ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), aff. Talia Nord, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Riv. Kalivina ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), aff. dr. Talia Nord, Secteur Tshiaberimu, Riv. Musabaki ( MRAC , AMNH ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Secteur Tshiaberimu, Kirungu ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Secteur Tshiaberimu, Mt. Musimba ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Secteur Tshiaberimu, Hintumo ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Aff. Butahu, Riv. Kamahoro ( MRAC , AMNH ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Aff. Butahu, Riv. Kamusonge ( MRAC , AMNH ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Aff. Butahu, Riv. Nyamwamba ( MRAC , AMNH ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Kiondo ya Kwanza ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Aff. Bombi, Riv. Kakalari ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kalonge, Kikyo ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Mt. Kyanyamu, Riv. Lusilube ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Bitashimva, Mt. Sesero ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kyandolire, Bomboka ( MRAC ); North Kivu, Virunga National Park (=Albert National Park), Mt. Ruwenzori, Kyandolire, Mt. Ibale ( MRAC ); further localities listed in Benoit (1951c) ; Haut-Uele (= Haut- Zaire ) Prov., Garamba National Park ( MRAC , AMNH ). GABON : Ogoové-Maritime Prov., Doudou Mts. Reserve, 24.3 km 307° NW Doussala, 02°13.35’S 10°24.35’E , 370 m , 7.III.2000 , sweep, GA00-S49, Coastal Lowland Rainforest, under-growth, low canopy in forest, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 9.III.2000 , 1♂ ( SAMC ). GHANA : Ashanti , Kumasi, Campus of the University of Science and Technology ( RNHL ). IVORY COAST : Marahoué Region , 8 km NW of Bouaflé, Klébo ( DEUW ); Marahoué Region , 5 km E of Bouaflé, Congo Aboisso ( DEUW ); Marahoué Region , Congo Aboisso, 05°40’W 07°N , 18.III.1981 ( CNC ). KENYA : Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Vuria Forest, 3.41428°S 38.29178°E , 2162 m , 11–25.I.2012 , MT, just inside indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Chawia Forest, 3.47901°S 38.34134°E , 1617 m , 21–25.VIII.2012 , MT, next to fallen tree, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK ); Coast Prov., Funzi Island, 4.57776°S 39.43825°E , near sea level, 4– 10.VII.2012 , MT, near Funzi workshop, ICIPE/NMK Funzi Island Expedition, 2♀♀ ( NMK ); same locality label, 24–28.VII.2012 , MT, mixed grass-woodland, R. Copeland leg., 3♀♀ ( NMK ); Coast Prov., Kasigau Mtn., 3.82700°S 38.64875°E , 1065 m , 5–19.X.2011 , MT, indigenous forest, next to campsite in forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); Coast Prov., Taita Hills, Ngangao Forest, 3.36100°S 38.34186°E , 1848 m , 18.IX–2.X.2011 , MT, indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK ); Eastern Prov., Nyambene Hills, Itieni Forest, at bottom, 0.24433°N 37.87016°E , 2142 m , 7–21.VIII.2011 , MT, edge of indigenous forest, near forest station, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); same locality label, 18.IX–2.X.2011 , 1♀ ( NMK ); same locality label, 26.VI–10.VII.2011 , 1♂ ( NMK ); same locality la- bel, 24.VII–7.VIII.2011 , 1♀ ( NMK ); Eastern Prov., Kasaala area, 2.07846°S 38.22530°E , 740 m , 28.XI–4.XII.2013 , MT, just inside isolated woodland patch, J. Bukhebi leg., 1♂ , 1♀ ( NMK ); Nairobi Prov., ICIPE Campus, Kasarani, 1.22338°S 36.89655°E , 1604 m , 24.II–3.III.2014 , MT, near stream, meadow in degraded shrub-/grassland, R. Copeland leg., 1♂ ( NMK ); Nyanza Prov., near Victoria Lake, 15 mls. NE of Kisumu , XI.1979 , M.D. Croft leg., 1♀ ( NHMUK ); Nyanza Prov., Ruma National Park, 00°39.121’S 34°19.417’E , 1250 m , 26.VII.2008 , sweep, savanna woodland, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Rift Valley Prov., Molo, Turi, 25.X.1998 ,A. Polaszek leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK ); Rift Valley Prov., Saiwa Swamp National Park, near campsite, 1.09417°N 35.11833°E , 1882 m , 26.II–12.III.2006 , MT, next to permanent upland swamp, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); Rift Valley Prov., Mt. Elgon National Park, top of Endebess Bluff, 1.06117°N 34.75383°E , 2630 m , 16–30.I.2006 , MT, forest edge near small stream, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); Rift Valley Prov., Olorgesailie National Monument, 1.57930°S 36.44566°E , 982 m , 27.XI– 11.XII.2011 , MT, Acacia-Commiphora savana, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); Rift Valley Prov., Oloitokitok, 2.94456°S 37.50714°E , 1853 m , 19.VIII–2.IX.2011 , MT, edge of indigenous forest, R. Copeland leg., 1♀ ( NMK ); same locality label, 22.VII–5.VIII.2011 , 3♀♀ ( NMK ); same locality label, 9–23.XII.2011 , 1♀ ( NMK ); same local- ity label, 5–19.VIII.2011 , 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 14–28.X.2011 , 1♀ ( NMK ); same locality label, 28.X– 11.XI.2011 , 1♀ ( NMK ); Western Prov., Kakamega District , Kakamega Forest, Kisere Forest Reserve, 00°23.73’N 34°53.165’E , 5400 feet , XI.2001 , Manfred Kraemer & Co., 3♂♂ , 3♀♀ ( MTC ); Western Prov., Kakamega District , Kakamega Forest, Kisere Forest, Calebs Campground, 00°22.175’N 34°53.297’E , 1580 m , Manfred Kraemer leg., ex Michael von Tschirnhaus collection, 1♀ ( MTC ); Western Prov., Kakamega Forest, 00°14.13’N 34°51.87’E , 4.III.1999 , R. Wharton leg., 1♂ ( TAMU ); Western Prov., Kakamega District , Kakamega Forest ( USUC ); Western Prov., Kakamega District , Isecheno Nature Reserve, Isecheno, 00°24’N 34°87’E, 1800 m , MT, R.R. Snelling leg., 1♂ , 2♀♀ ( UCR , MOLC ); Western Prov., 27 mi. NE of Kisumu , Kaimosi Mission, 1650 m ( CAS ). MADAGAS- CAR : Antananarivo, La Mandraka ( MRAC , AMNH ); Antsiranana, Montagne d’Ambre National Park, 12°30.52’S 49°10.53’E , 960 m , 26–29.I.2001 , MT, M.E. Irwin, Schlinger E.I. Harin’Hala R. leg. ( CAS ); same locality label, 19.III–6.IV.2001 , MT, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-01-01A-09, 2♀♀ ( CAS ); Antsiranana, Marojejy National Park, Manantenina river, 28.0 km 38° NE Andapa, 8.2 km 333° NNW Manantenina, 14°26.12’S 49°46.30’E , 450 m , 12–25.XI.2003 , MT, rainforest, B.L. Fisher et al . leg., BLF8723, 1♂ , 1♀ ( CAS ), 1♀ ( MOLC ); Fianarantsoa, Rano- mafana National Park, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21°15.99’S 47°25.21’E , 1020 m , 15–22.XI.2001 , MT, secondary tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala leg., 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 19–26.II.2002 , 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 23.VI–4.VII.2002 , MA-02-09C-33, 1♂ , 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 10–21.III.2003 , MA-02-09C-56, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 2–10.I.2002 , MA-02-09C-10, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 14–21.I.2002 , MA-02-09C-12, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 8–15.XI.2001 , MA-02-09C-02, 1♂ ( CAS ); same locality label, 12–19.II.2002 , MA- 02-09C-16, 1♂ , 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 21.III–12.IV.2003 , MA-02-09C-57, 2♀♀ ( CAS ); same locality la- bel, 16.X–8.XI.2001 , MA-02-09C-01, 1♀ ( CAS ); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Vohiparara, at broken bridge, 21°13.57’S 47°22.19’E , 1110 m , 4–12.II.2002 , MT in high altitude rainforest, R. Harin’Hala leg., 1♀ , 1♂ ( CAS ); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Vohiparara, 21°13.67’S 47°22.19’E , at broken bridge, 1110 m , 25.VII–3.VIII.2002 , MT, high altitude rainforest, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-02-08A-36, 1♂ ( CAS ); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, radio tower at forest edge, 21°15.05’S 47°24.43’E , 1130 m , 9–16.IV.2002 , MT, mixed tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-02-09B-24, 1♂ ( CAS ); same locality label, 12–19.II.2002 , MA-02-09B-16, 1♂ , 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 18–29.VI.2003 , MA-02-09B-64, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 22–28.XI.2001 , MA-02-09B-04, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 20.III–3.IV.2003 , MA-02-09B-56, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 27.IV–7.V.2003 , MA-02-09B-59, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 7–17.V.2003 , MA-02-09B-60, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 18–27.II.2003 , MA-02-09B-53, 1♀ ( CAS ); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 Km S Ambositra, 20°47.56’S 47°10.54’E , 825 m , 8–17.III.2007 , MT, low altitude rainforest, M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala leg., MA-29- 81, 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 16–27.VIII.2005 , MA-29-24, 1♀ ( CAS ); Mahajanga, Bemarivo Special Re- serve, 23.8 km 223° SW Besalampy, 16°55.30’S 44°22.06’E , 19–23.XI.2002 , 30 m, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), in tropical dry forest, Fisher, Griswold et al . leg., 1♂ ( CAS ); Toamasina, Perinet ( AMNH ); Toamasina, An- dasibe National Park, 18°55.58’S 48°24.47’E , botanic garden near entrance to park, 1025 m , 16–24.X.2001 , MT, tropical forest, R. Harin’Hala leg., 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 1–7.XI.2001 , 1♀ ( CAS ); Toamasina, Ankerana, 18°24.23’S 48°48.09’E , 1108 m , 19–24.I.2012 , MT, montane forest, B.L. Fisher et al. leg., BLF27860, 1♂ ( CAS ); Toliara, Bekily ( MNHN ); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa Nat. Park, Bemanateza Forest, 20.7 km 81°E Efoetse, 23 Km 131° SE Beheloka, 23°59.32’S 43°52.50’E , 90 m , 22–26.III.2002 , MT, in spiny forest thicket, Fisher, Griswold et al . leg., 1♂ ( CAS ); Toliara, Andohahela National Park, Tsimelahy, parcelle II, 24°56.21’S 46°37.60’E , 180 m , 30.XI–11.XII.2003 , MT in transitional forest, M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala leg., MA- 02-20-47 , 1♂ ( MOLC ); Toliara, Manombo, 22°48.25’S 43°45.46’E , 218 m , 23–28.IV.2004 , MT in gallery forest, Frontier Wilderness Project, MGF098, 1♀ ( CAS ). MOZAMBIQUE : Niassa Prov. , Cuamba, Farm of the Catholic University of Mozambique,reared from unidentified leafhopper, parasitized host collected 18.II.2005 , dryinid cocooning 20.II.2005 , dryinid adult emergence 8.III.2005 , 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 17.IV–2.VI.2006 , MT, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC ). NIGERIA : Osun , Ile-Ife, 2♂♂ ( NHMUK , AMNH ). NORTH SUDAN (= REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN ): Al Jazirah , Wad Medani, 18.XI.1949 , 19.XI.1949 , 22.XI.1949 , G. Morcos leg., reared from Austroasca lybica , 4♀ # ( BMMH ). RWANDA : Kirii Springs, Ruhengeri ( MRAC ). SENEGAL : Ziguinchor Region , 1 km NE of Djibelor, 7.5 km SW of Ziguinchor ( ZIL ). SOMALIA : Cotene, 1930, G. Russo leg., reared from Empoasca facialis (Jacobi) , 2♂♂ ( NHMUK ). SOUTH AFRICA : Eastern Cape , Nature’s Valley, at Groot River, 33°58’S 23°33’E ( MZLU ); Eastern Cape , 25 km N Jansenville, 32°49’S 24°44’E , 600 m , 4.I.2010 , J. Halada leg., 1♀ ( OLL ); Eastern Cape , Marais Hoop Farm, 25.6 km 254° W Kirkwood, 33°32.635’S 25°13.678’E , 14–16.II.2001 , MT, VB01-R4N- M52, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Blauwe Krans Farm, 12.8 km 216° SW Kirkwood, 33°30.747’S 25°24.644’E , 7–9.II.2001 , MT, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Mannetjie Farm ( 31.9 km 262°W Kirkwood), 33°32.724’S 25°08.795’E , 12-14.II.2001 , MT, VB01-R3N, M42, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1 ♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 14– 16.II.2001 , M50, 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 8–10.II.2001 , M12, 4♂♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Marais Hoop Farm ( 25.6 km 254° W Kirkwood), 33°32.635’S 25°13.678’E , 14–16.II.2001 , MT, VB01-R4N-M52, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 5♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 12–14.II.2001 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 8–10.II.2001 , M14, 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 10–12.II.2001 , M26, 5♂♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Schilpad Laagte Farm ( 15.4 km 226° W Kirkwood), 33°31.653’S 25°22.620’E , 7–9.II.2001 , MT, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 4♂♂ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Asante Sana Game Reserve, 32°14.990’S 24°55.962’E , 2183 m , 29.X.2009 – 23.II.2010 , MT, Karoo Escarpment Grassland, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Februarie Farm ( 39.9 km 268° W Kirkwood), 33°32.813’S 25°03.091’E , 8.II.2001 , sweep, valley bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Februarie Farm ( 40.2 km 267° W Kirkwood), 33°33.124’S 25°03.043’E , 10–17.II.2001 , valley bushveld (non-trashed), H.G. Robertson & R. Tourle leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, Winkler, valley bushveld (goat trashed), 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 10.II.2001 , sweep, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 10–12.II.2001 , MT, VB01-R1N-M22, Val- ley bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 18m ♂ # ( SAMC ); same locality label, 14–16.II.2001 , M54, 16♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 12–14.II.2001 , M36, 14♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 8–10.II.2001 , M08, 10♂♂ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Blauwe Krans Farm ( 12.8 km 216° SW Kirkwood), 33°30.747’S 25°24.644’E , 7–9.II.2001 , MT, Valley Bushveld (non-trashed), S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 9–11.II.2001 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); Eastern Cape , Winterberg, The Hoek Farm, 32°21.260’S 26°23.001’E , 1879 m , 6.X.2010 – 18.I.2011 , MT, Amathole Mistbelt Grassland, S. van Noort leg., WTB09-GRA1-M05, 1♀ ( SAMC ); KwaZulu-Natal , Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak area, Tryme Hill, 1540 m , on Protea caffra , plot No 1, 30.VI.1989 , Pajor István leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); KwaZulu- Natal, Drakensberg, Cathedral Peak area, Tarn Hill, 1570 m , on Protea caffra , plot No 2, 8.V.1989 , Pajor István leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); KwaZulu-Natal , Giant’s Castle Game Reserve ( FSCA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Umlalazi Nature Reserve, 1.5 km E of Mtunzini ( PMA ); KwaZulu-Natal , 75 km SW of Estcourt, Cathedral Peaks Forest Station ( CNC ); Kwa- Zulu-Natal, South Drakensberg, Sani Pass, 29°37’S 29°23’E , 2–5.III.2004 , MT, Kolyada & Mostovski leg., 1♀ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Pietermaritzburg, Ferncliff Nature Reserve, 29°33.2’S 30°20.6’E , 850 m , 6–8.IV.2005 , YPT,V.Kolyada leg., 4♀♀ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal ,Pietermaritzburg,Hilton, 27.IX–13.X.2003 , 28.X–12.XI.2003 , 15–26.I.2004 , MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♂ , 3♀♀ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Ramsgate, Butterfly Sanctuary, 30°53.3’S 30°20.4’E , nr. stream, 9.I–2.II.2005 , 27.II–19.III.2005 , 20.III–25.IV.2005 , M. Mostovski leg., 2♀♀ , 3♂♂ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Royal Natal National Park, Gudu Forest, 28°40.90’S 28°55.78’’E, 1680–1730 m , 18.XI.2006 – 27.II.2007 , MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♂ ( NMSA ); same locality label, 22.IX–17.XI.2006 , 1♂ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Eshowe, near Ntumeni Nature Reserve, 28°52.08’S 31°22.41’E , 680 m , 23.II–20.IV.2007 , MT, Kolyada & Mostovski leg., 1♂ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Winterskloof, 29°34.56’S 30°17.40’E , 1085 m , 20.IV– 1.IX.2007 . MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♀ , 3♂♂ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Vernon Crookes Nat. Reserve, 250 m , 30°17.4’S 30°36.9’E , 24.I–10.V.2006 , MTr, M. Mostovski leg., 1♀ ( NMSA ); KwaZulu-Natal , Cathedral Peak Nat. Reserve, Rainbow Gorge, 28°57.60’S 29°13.61’E , 1480 m , 18.XI.2006 – 26.II.2007 , MT, M. Mostovski leg., 1♀ , 2♂♂ ( NMSA ); Mpumalanga , Graskop, 1500 m ( PMA ); Western Cape , Matjesfontein, 7–13.XI.1928 , R. E. Turner leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK ); same locality label, further specimen ( AMNH ); Western Cape , De Hoop Nature Reserve, 34°27’S 20°25’E , 0–200 m ( ZIL ); Western Cape , Mossel Bay, V.1921 , VIII.1921 , R. E. Turner leg., 2♀♀ ( NHMUK ); Western Cape , Hermanus, Fernkloof Nature Reserve, Mosselberg, 60 m , 12.III.1995 , MT, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.VI–22.VII.1995 , 1♀ , 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Cape Town, Tokai State Forest, Constantiaberge, above Donkerboskloof, 34°02’S 18°23.5’E , 460 m , 27.VIII–5.IX.1993 , MT, Mountain Fynbos on Sandstone, near stream, bracken present, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 1.VI.1995 , Mesic Mountain Fynbos, near stream, sweep, 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 10.V–1.VI.1995 , Mesic Mountain Fynbos, P. coronata dominated, MT, site 2, 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Walker Bay Nature Re- serve, 34°27.41’S 19°21.39’E , 4.X–1.XI.1997 , YPT, S. van Noort & B. Fisher leg., 1♀ , 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same local- ity label, 11.VIII–6.IX.1997 , S. van Noort leg., 39♂♂ , 7♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 9.VIII–6.IX.1997 , S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 7♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, IX–XII.1997, MT, S. van Noort leg., 9♀♀ , 17♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 17–31.V.1997 , MT, S. van Noort leg., 26♀♀ , 73♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 17.V– 14.VI.1997 , S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( CAS ); same locality label, 6.IX–4.X.1997 , MT, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 5♂♂ ( CAS ); Western Cape , Walker Bay Nature Reserve, 34°27.414’’S 19°21.393’E , 28.XII.1997 – 21.III.1998 , MT, South Coast Strandveld, 57 m , S. van Noort leg., 7♂♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 21.II.1998 , sweep, 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 29.XI.1997 , sweep, 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 4.X.1997 , sweep, 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.V.1998 , sweep, 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 14.VI.1997 , sweep, 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 14.VI.1997 , sweep, 2♂♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 18.IV–16.V.1998 , 6♂♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 21.II–21.III.1998 , 5♂♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Cape Peninsula Nature Reserve, Cape Good Hope, 34°14’S 18°23’E , pitfall trap, 27.II–21.III.1999 , E. Parker leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, Booi se Skerm, 34°18.27’S 18°27.64’E , 24.II.1998 , sweep, strandveld, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park, 34°02’S 23°53’E , XI–XII.1995, MT, M. Söderlund leg., 2♂♂ ( MZLU ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°57’817’’S 18°06’837’’E ( 4 km 280° E Langebaanweg), 16–23.X.2002 , MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 18–25.IX.2002 , 19♂♂ , 4♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 2–9.X.2002 , 25♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 9–16.X.2002 , 1♀ , 30♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 11–18.IX.2002 , 35♂♂ , 11♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 23–30.X.2002 , 3♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 4–11.IX.2002 , 22♂♂ , 8♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 25.IX– 2.X.2002 , 21♂♂ , 4♀♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’098’’S 18°07’244’’E ( 3 km 280° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002 , MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’020’’S 18°07’285’’E ( 3 km 280° W Langebaanweg), 23–30.X.2002 , MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16–23.X.2002 , 1♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°57’512’’S 18°06’728’’E ( 4 km 290° E Langebaanweg), 2–9.X.2002 , MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 23–30.X.2002 , 1♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 9–16.X.2002 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 12–19.XI.2003 , 1♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 6– 13.XI.2002 , LW02-R7-M140, 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°57’402’’S 18°05’438’’E ( 5.5 km 290° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002 , MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’156’’S 18°05’878’’E ( 5.5 km 270° W Langebaanweg), 16–23.X.2002 , MT, rehabilitated mine dump, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58’444’’S 18°06’731’’E ( 4 km 270° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002 , MT, fynbos dominated by Lebeckia, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , West Coast Fossil Park, 32°58.483’S 18°06.884’E ( 4 km 270° W Langebaanweg), 11–18.IX.2002 , MT, fynbos on Lymestone, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Langberg Farm, 32°58’461’’S 18°07’344’’E ( 3 km 270° E Langebaanweg), 27.XI–4.XII.2002 , MT, sand plain fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 25.IX–2.X.2002 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 2–9.IV.2003 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 11–18.IX.2002 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 29.I–5.II.2003 , 1♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Langberg Farm ( 3 km 280° W Langebaanweg), 32°58.045’S 18°07.418’E , 2–9.X.2002 , MT, Sand Plain Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 9–16.X.2002 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 11–18.IX.2002 , 1♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Anyskop Farm, 5.5 km 290° W Langebaanweg, 32°57.394’S 18°05.324’E , 25.IX– 2.X.2002 , MT, Sand Plain Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Fynbos Estate, Dragonridge, 33°34.092’S 18°47.680’E , 635 m , 2.IV–30.VII.2010 , MT, Boland Granite Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 28.IX–28.XII.2010 , DRA09-FYN1-M05, 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Gamkaberg Nature Re- serve, 33°43.745’S 21°56.972’E , 1000 m , 21.III–23.V.2009 , MT, Renosterveld, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 19.IX–4.XI.2009 , 1♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 19.II–30.III.2010 , YPT, GB09-REN1- Y47, 7♂♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 4.XI.2009 – 19.II.2010 , MT, GB09-REN1-M29, 12♂♂ , 14♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, MT, 30.III–24.VII.2010 , GB09-REN1-M39, 41♂♂ , 16♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 23.V–31.VII.2009 , 2♂♂ , 3♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 19.II–30.III.2010 , GB09-REN1-M33, 15♂♂ , 4♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 24.VII–1.X.2010 , YPT, GB09-REN1-Y65, 16♂♂ , 7♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 24.VII–4.X.2010 , MT, GB09-REN1-M45, 15♂♂ , 7♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, YPT, 4.X.2010 – 25.I.2011 , GB09-REN1-Y65, 16♂♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, MT, 4.X.2010 – 25.I.2011 , GB09-REN1- M51, 17♂♂ , 3♀♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°44.090’S 21°55.654’E , 997 m , 30.III– 24.VII.2010 , YPT, Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 30.X.2010 – 25.I.2011 , MT, GB09-FYN2-M53, 1♂ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 24.VII–4.X.2010 , GB09-FYN2- Y69, 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 24.VII–4.X.2010 , MT, GB09-FYN2-M47, 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 4.X.2010 – 25.I.2011 , GB09-FYN2-Y77, 1♀ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E , 322 m , 30.III–24.VII.2010 , MT, Gamka Thicket, S. van Noort leg., GB09-SUC4-M38, 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Kogelberg Nature Researve, 34°16.481’S 19°01.033’E , 16.V–16.VI.1999 , MT, Mesic Mountain Fynbos, last burnt c. 1978, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.III–16.IV.1999 , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.II–16.III.1999 , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.XI–16.XII.1998 , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.I–16.II.1999 , 2♀♀ , 1♂ ( SAMC ); Western Cape , Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37’622’’S 18°24’259’’E, 20.III–17.IV.1998 , MT, West Coast Strandeveld, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 13.VI–11.VII.1997 , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 5.IX–3.X.1997 , 1♂ , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 8.VIII–5.IX.1997 , 3♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 3–31.X.1997 , 3♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 28.XI– 27.XII.1997 , 10♂♂ , 3♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 23.I–20.II.1998 , 2♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 31.X– 28.XI.1997 , 3♀♀ , 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 11.VII–8.VIII.1997 , 2♂♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 27.XII.1997 – 23.I.1998 , 11♂♂ , 5♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 17.IV–15.V.1998 , 3♀♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 20.III–17.IV.1998 , 3♀♀ , 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 20.II–20.III.1998 , 4♀♀ , 3♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 16.V–13.VI.1997 , 3♂♂ , 4♀♀ ( SAMC ). TANZANIA : Arusha Region , Arusha ( HNHM ); Tanga Re- gion, West Usambara Mountains, near Lushoto, 1850 m , 04°44.00’S 38°16.06’E , 30.IV.1996 , sweep, mk41, margins & undergrowth, Wet Montane Forest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ ( SAMC ); Tanga Region , Mkomazi Game Reserve, Kikolo Plot, 04°06.72’S 38°01.37’E , 2.V.1996 , Sweep, mk43, Cordia , Solanum shrubs & grasses in Commiphora woodland, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); Tanga Region , Mkomazi Game Reserve, Ibaya Camp, NW side, 03°57.91’S 37°48.09’E , 28.XI.1995 , Sweep, mk9, Acacia / Commiphora / Combretum bushland, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ). TOGO : Plateaux Region , Zogbégan, 07°34.50’N 00°40.03’E , 650 m , 20–25.IV.2008 , M. von Tschirn- haus leg., 1♂ ( MTC ). UGANDA : Western Region , Kabarole District , Kibale Forest, Kanywara ( RNHL ); Western Region , Kabarole District , Kibale National Park, Kanyawara, Makerere University Biological Field Station, 0°34.405’N 30°21.646’E , 1484 m , 12–26.VIII.2008 , MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg., 1♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 00°33.891’N 30°21.468’E , 1506 m , 12–26.VIII.2008 , 1♀ , 5♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 00°35.442’N 30°21.741’E , 1465 m , 10.VIII.2008 , sweep, primary mid-altitude rainforest, near stream, S. van Noort leg., 7♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 0°33.871’S 30°21.355’E , 1495 m , 12–26.VIII.2008 , MT, secondary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♂♂ , 1♀ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 0°33.408’S 30°22.603’E , 1587 m , MT, degraded mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 3♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 2–12.VIII.2008 , 0°33.784’S 30°22.617’E , 1500 m , MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 1♀ , 11♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 12–26.VIII.2008 , 0°33.823’S 30°21.490’E , 1505 m , MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♀♀ , 2♂♂ ( SAMC ); same locality label, 2–12.VIII.2008 , 0°33.836’S 30°21.700’E , 1523 m , MT, primary mid-altitude rainforest, S. van Noort leg., 2♀♀ , 3♂♂ ( SAMC ); Western Region , Kasese Dis- trict, Ruwenzori Range, Misigo, 8550 ft. , 2–3.VIII.1952 , D.S. Fletcher leg., 3♂♂ ( NHMUK , BPBM ). ZIMBA- BWE: Harare (=Salisbury), Chishawasha, VI.1978 , A. Watsham leg., 1♂ ( NHMUK ); Harare, Saint Ignatius, V.1990 , MT, A. Watsham leg., 1♀ ( PMA ). YEMEN : Sana’a , I.1993 , MT, A. van Harten leg., 1♂ ( MOLC ); same locality label, 2.III.1998 , MT, 3♀♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, X.1998 , pitfall-trap, 1♀ ( MOLC ); Ta’izz , X.1999 , light trap, A. van Harten & A. Awad leg., 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, V–VI.2000, A. van Harten & A.R. Al Yarimi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC ); same locality label, VI.2002 , A. van Harten & A.R. Al Yarimi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC ); Lahj, III.2001 , MT, A. van Harten & A. Sallam leg. ( MOLC ); Al-Kowd, 1–5.IX.2001 , I–III.2003, light trap, A. van Harten & S. Al Haruri leg., 2♂♂ ( MOLC ); Al Kadan, I.2003 , light trap, A. van Harten & T. Abdul Haq leg., 2♂♂ ( MOLC ); W Ye- men, 20 Km NW Dhawran, 14°40’N 44°13’E , 1800 m , 29.X.2005 , J. Halada leg., 1♀ ( OLL ). Hosts . Typhlocybinae (Cicadellidae) ( Guglielmino et al . 2013 ): in North Sudan : Jacobiasca lybica (Bergevin & Zanon) ; in Somalia : Jacobiella facialis (Jacobi) . Distribution . Angola , Botswana , Burundi , Cameroon , Central African Republic , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Gabon , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Kenya , Madagascar , Mozambique , Nigeria , North Sudan , Rwanda , Senegal , Somalia , South Africa , Tanzania , Togo , Uganda , Yemen , Zimbabwe .