Order Rodentia - Family Muridae Author Guy G. Musser Author Michael D. Carleton text 1993 Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London Editor Don E. Wilson Editor DeeAnn M. Reeder Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition) 501 755 book chapter http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7353098 1-56098-217-9 7353098 Spalax giganteus Nehring, 1898 . Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin , p. 169 . TYPE LOCALITY: Russia , Daghestan , W shore of Caspian Sea, near MakhachKaly . DISTRIBUTION: Isolated populations in steppes NW of the Caspian Sea and in Kazakhstan between the Volga River and W margin of the Caspian Sea between the Dnepr and Ural rivers (see Topachevskii, 1969 ; Vorontsov et al., 1977b ). SYNONYMS: uralensis . COMMENTS: Revised by Topachevskii (1969) and listed as a separate species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987) . Geographic range is parapatric with that of S. microphthalmus ( Corbet, 1978c ) .