Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) - a centennial conspectus Author Souza, Carina Mara De carina_mara@yahoo.com.br Author Pape, Thomas tpape@snm.ku.dk Author Thyssen, Patricia Jacqueline carina_mara@yahoo.com.br text Zootaxa 2020 2020-08-31 4841 1 1 126 journal article 8542 10.11646/zootaxa.4841.1.1 18306272-d3ad-494e-a630-cf9f40132d2f 1175-5326 4405603 F55A3BE7-673C-4D46-9FC4-D5B5C7041DC0 Oxysarcodexia angrensis ( Lopes, 1933 ) ( Figs 22–24 ) Sarcophaga angrensis Lopes, 1933: 153 ; Brazil , Rio de Janeiro , Angra dos Reis. Holotype male, one male paratype and one female paratype in MNRJ. Sarcophaga articulata Hall, 1933: 284 ; Panama , Canal Zone , Los Cascadas. Holotype male and female allotype in USNM (not examined). Sarcophaga kartabo Curran & Walley, 1934: 487 ; Guyana , Kartabo. Holotype male, female allotype and two female paratypes in AMNH (not examined). Diagnosis. Male. Length 7.0–9.0 mm. Postocular plate with golden pollinosity. Ocellar bristles well developed. Thorax grayish with pale golden pollinosity, as well as abdomen in which golden pollinosity is more evident laterally, T5 with golden pollinosity in entire extension. Two well-differentiated posterior and 1–3 smaller anterior post-sutural dorsocentrals. Apical scutellar bristles absent. Legs blackish. T3 with 3 pairs of lateral marginal bristles, T4 with 1 pair of median marginal and 2 pairs of lateral marginal bristles. ST5 with deep median cleft with margins almost parallel and with pilosity and bristles at apex of arms. Cercus straight in lateral view, with pointed obliquely cut apex and short dorsal subapical barb. Cercus with bristles ventrally, absent only in middle portion. Cerci with distal third as broad as middle part in posterior view; parallel. Pregonite with expanded base, gradually narrowing to apex, which is darker. Postgonite like pregonite except unicolorous. Distiphallus with smooth ventroapical margin, conical apex, small dorsoapical swelling and sinuous dorsal outline. Vesica symmetrical, with angular median projection of main branch; distal lobes well developed, with filaments, tapering, sclerotized, with spines on both dorsal and ventral surfaces. Remarks. See under O. alectoris sp. n. The female of O. angrensis has T7 divided into two plates ( Tibana & Mello 1985 ). Lopes (1943) provided descriptions of all larval stages. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL. Brazil ( Amapá , Amazonas, Espírito Santo , Goiás , Mato Grosso , Mato Grosso do Sul , Minas Gerais , Pará , Rio de Janeiro , Roraima , São Paulo ), Colombia , Costa Rica , Ecuador , Guyana , Panama , Peru , Trinidad and Tobago ( Trinidad ), Venezuela . Biology. In addition to human feces, adults of O. angrensis have been collected from fish, mouse, rat and pig carcasses, dead crabs and other marine animals, rotten beef lung, minced meat, bovine liver, chicken viscera, fermented fruit, rotten S. comosa , and rotten banana mixed with brown sugar ( Lopes 1973b ; Moretti et al. 2008 ; Rosa et al. 2011 ; Sousa et al. 2011 ; Ramírez-Mora et al. 2012 ; Barbosa et al. 2014 ; Vairo et al. 2014 ; Souza & Von Zuben 2016 ; Valverde-Castro et al. 2017 ; Faria et al . 2018 ; Paseto et al. 2019 ). No differences in attractiveness of human feces, chicken viscera and mouse carcasses were observed for this species by Linhares (1981) . Human feces have been observed as a natural breeding substrate ( Lopes 1973b ; D’Almeida 1994). Agar plus powdered milk, mixed with horse blood serum and commercial yeast, have been used successfully as an artificial rearing substrate in the laboratory ( Lopes 1973b ). Development from first instar to adult took 14–17 days using agar and powdered milk only, whereas adding horse blood serum and yeast caused an increase in larval development time ( Lopes 1973b ). Meat has also been used successfully for rearing ( Lopes 1943 ). Adults have been collected with Malaise and Shannon traps ( Lopes & Tibana 1991 ) and also in association with human cadavers ( Oliveira-Costa et al. 2001 ). Sunlight is preferred over shaded areas ( Linhares 1981 ). Lopes (1973b) noted a preference for high humidity based on his own experience collecting this species at different times of the year in Brazil . However, Yepes-Gaurisas et al. (2013) , collecting flies in a forest area of Antioquia , Colombia , observed a higher abundance of this species in the dry season, in agreement with Rosa et al. (2011) , Faria et al . (2018) and Paseto et al. (2019) . Yepes-Gaurisas et al. (2013) also noticed a strong attraction to fish and considered this species as non-synanthropic. Oxysarcodexia angrensis appears to be a generalist as it has been reported from the Brazilian Cerrado ( Rosa et al. 2011 ; Souza & Von Zuben 2016 ; Faria et al . 2018 ), protected dry forest area in the western part of the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province ( Valverde-Castro et al. 2017 ), Amazon forest ( Sousa et al. 2011 ), humid tropical rainforest ( Vairo et al. 2014 ), secondary forest ( Moretti et al. 2008 ), mesophytic semi-deciduous forest and pasture ( Paseto et al. 2019 ), urban areas ( Linhares 1981 ; Oliveira-Costa et al. 2001 ; Oliveira et al. 2002 ; Ramírez-Mora et al. 2012 ; Valverde-Castro et al. 2017 ), rural areas ( Linhares 1981 ; Ramírez-Mora et al. 2012 ) and mountainous regions (D’Almeida 1994; Faria et al . 2018 ). FIGURES 15–24. Oxysarcodexia spp., males. 15–18. Oxysarcodexia alectoris sp. n. , holotype (French Guiana, Montsinery, NRM). 15. Habitus, lateral view. 16. Terminalia , lateral view. 17. Terminalia , posterior view. 18. Terminalia , ventroapical view. 19–21. Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner) (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Angra dos Reis, MNRJ). 19. Habitus, lateral view. 20. Terminalia , lateral view. 21. Terminalia , posterior view. 22–24. Oxysarcodexia angrensis (Lopes) (Brazil, São Paulo, Campinas, LIE). 22. Habitus, lateral view. 23. Terminalia , lateral view. 24. Terminalia , posterior view. Type material examined. Holotype ♂ : [ Brazil ] INS.OSW.CRUZ N.-10.499 / TRAV.87.932 Angra dos Reis S. Lopes -93 / H. S. Lopes CULT. N.60 / Typus / Sarcophaga angrensis Lopes H. S. LOPES—Det 4-933 [ MNRJ ] // paratype ♂ : [ Brazil ] INS.OSW.CRUZ N.-10.458 / H. S. Lopes CULT. N.60 / TRAV.167532 Angra dos Reis S. Lopes -93 / Cotype [ MNRJ ]. Other material examined. [ ♂ ] BRAZIL : São Paulo , Mogi Guaçu , Campininha , 18.IX.2011 ; C. G. P. Lima , M. D. Grella , N. M. Jimenez / Oxysarcodexia VIII ; Mogi Guaçu-SP; 18/11/2011 [ LIE ] // [ ♂ ] BRAZIL : São Paulo , Campinas , UNICAMP, 30.XI.2011 ; C. M. Souza / Oxysarcodexia sp.; Campinas-SP; 30/11/2011 ; 12 [ LIE ] // [ ♂ ] BRAZIL : São Paulo , Campinas ; 25/IV/2004 ; P.J. Thyssen / Campinas—SP; 25/IV/04; Thyssen, P.J. // [ ♂ ] [Brazil] Oxysarcodexia angrensis [ LIE ] .