Systematics of the genus Tylolaimophorus de Man, 1880 (Nematoda Diphtherophoridae), with description of T. minor (Thorne, 1939) Goodey, 1963 from Iran Author Ghaderi, Reza Author Asghari, Ramezan Author Eskandari, Ali text Zootaxa 2020 2020-03-24 4755 2 322 340 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.2.7 c6ae3424-0cb2-4be5-8b64-510468c9b86a 1175-5334 3733635 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:321C36EA-3A65-4C43-80AE-5D2C536D2DF9 Tylolaimophorus pileatus ( Andrássy, 1961 ) Sauer, 1968 After Andrássy (1961) After Eroshenko & Tepljakov (1977) : as T. cf. pileatus After Brzeski (1994) After Andrássy (2009) MEASUREMENTS Holotype female: L = 1.19 mm ; a = 28; b = 6.4; body width = (42) µm; spear = (17) µm; pharynx = (185) µm; tail = (40) µm; c = 29; c’ = (1.4); V = 55. 1 paratype male : L = 1.23 mm ; a = 26; b = 5.2; body width = (47) µm; spear = (16) µm; pharynx = (230) µm; tail = (44) µm; c = 28; c’ = (1.3); spicules = 36 µm ; gubernaculum = 13 µm . 5 females : L = 0.98-1.13 mm ; a = 19-20; b = 4.7-6.6; spear = 15-20 µm ; c = 20-24; V = 53-60. 6 males : L = 0.9-1.17 mm ; a = 19-25; b = 4-6; spear = 15-19 µm ; c = 17-25; spicules = 38-45 µm ; gubernaculum = 14-16 µm . 11 females : L = 0.79-1.50 mm ; a = 20-26; b = 4.8-8.5; spear = 13-16 µm ; pharynx = 138-205 µm ; tail = 32-43 µm ; c = 23-36; c’ = 0.9-1.7; V = 54-58. 11 males : L = 0.88-1.58 mm ; a = 25-30; b = 5.1-9.0; spear = 15-17 µm ; pharynx = 142-191 µm ; tail = 37-52 µm ; c = 19-32; c’ = 1.0-1.5; spicules = 30-47 µm ; gubernaculum = 5-6 µm . ? females: L = 0.8-1.2 mm ; a = 22-28; b = 5.4-6.4; spear = 16-17 µm ; c = 24-29; c’ = 1.0-1.3; V = 55-58. ? males: L = 0.9-1.3 mm ; a = 25-29; b = 5.2-7.5; spear =µm; c = 20-30; spicules = 36 µm ; gubernaculum = 13 µm . DESCRIPTION Female. Body robust, in younger specimens arcuate ventrad, in older ones spirally curved. Cuticle about 1.5 µm thick, very finely striated. Body at the posterior end of pharynx 2.0-3.1 times as wide as head. Numerous dorsal and ventral body pores distributed irregularly on the entire body. Lip region separated by a deep groove, cap-like, 17 µm wide. Amphid calyciform with large oval aperture, opening just behind the lip region groove, 4-6 µm or 27-40 % of lip region width wide. Pharynx with small median swelling and short pyriform basal bulb, 40 µm long. Vulva a transverse slit, with sclerotized lips. Vagina thick walled, 28-47 % of body width. Rectum sclerotized, 8-15 µm long. Post-anal sac extending into the tail to varying lengths. Tail plump, slightly ventrally bent, mostly with a small terminal peg, sometimes broadly rounded. Male. With thin, strongly bent spicules that are distally forked and proximally bearing a hook. Ventromedian supplements small and very difficult to observe. One supplement level with the anterior end of spicules. No ventromedian neck papillae seen. DIAGNOSIS AND RELATIONSHIPS Tylolaimophorus pileatus has been compared with T. cylindricus , T. minor , and T. bulgaricus in a table in the original description ( Andrássy 1961 ). The main diagnostic characters of T. pileatus are the cap-like, sharply offset lip region, non-protruding lip papillae, posterior lateral organs, and the finer structure of the spicular apparatus. Brzeski (1994) differentiated it from T. constrictus in having a post-rectal sac, longer spear, and having spicules strongly bent with proximal processes straight and hooked ( vs arcuate and not hooked in T. constrictus ). Eroshenko & Tepljakov (1977) noted that their population from Russia reported as T. cf. pileatus , differs from T. pileatus in the structure of the tail terminus and the presence of caudal glands. However, Andrássy (1961) also mentioned and illustrated caudal glands in his population. Brzeski (1994) redescribed this species, but the number of ventromedian supplements in his population differs from that of the original description (small supplements very difficult to observe vs one), and the gubernaculum is considerably shorter (5-6 vs 13 µm ). However, he attributed this difference to the limited visibility of the supplements. Eroshenko & Tepljakov (1977) did not mention the presence of supplements. DISTRIBUTION Described from a sandy forest of a small Danube river island, Hungary ( Andrássy 1961 ). Reported from the rhizosphere of coniferous trees in the Sovgavan region of the Khabaro vs k Territory, Russia ( Eroshenko & Tepljakov 1977 ). Andrássy (2009) considered Poland , Hungary , Mongolia and Russia as habitats of the species. In Hungary , it was recovered in sandy soil on a small island in Alsógöd city.