A taxonomic revision of Rhamnus L. and Atadinus Raf. (Rhamnaceae) in Iran Author Alijanpoor, Behnaz 0000-0002-9698-2592 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 5 Km Khorramabad toward Tehran, P. O. Box 6815144316 - 465 Khorramabad, Iran. & alijanpour. be @ fs. lu. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9698 - 2592 alijanpour.be@fs.lu.ac.ir Author Khodayari, Hamed 0000-0003-0614-2600 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 5 Km Khorramabad toward Tehran, P. O. Box 6815144316 - 465 Khorramabad, Iran. & khodayari. h @ lu. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0614 - 2600 khodayari.h@lu.ac.ir Author Assadi, Mostafa 0000-0001-9014-585X Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P. O. Box 13185 - 116, Tehran, Iran. & assadi @ rifr-ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9014 - 585 X assadi@rifr-ac.ir Author Rahiminejad, Mohammadreza 0000-0003-2459-482X Department of Biology, University of Isfahan, 81746 - 73441, Isfahan, Iran. & mrr @ sci. ui. ac. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2459 - 482 X mrr@sci.ui.ac.ir Author Mehregan, Iraj 0000-0002-5108-2558 Department of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. & iraj @ daad-alumni. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5108 - 2558 iraj@daad-alumni.de text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-09-30 521 3 127 158 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.3.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.521.3.1 1179-3163 5540457 3. Rhamnus pallasii Fischer & Meyer (1837: 46) . Description —Trees or shrubs, erect or spreading on rocks and pastures, 20–300 cm high, spiny. Spines simple and branched, alternate to opposite, grey to brown, yellowish brown, or dark grey. Two types of branches: long (spiny) branches ending in spines, buds or flowers at the tip (in flowering), alternate or opposite and short (scaly) branches bearing flowers, fruits or fasciculate leaves at the end (usually scaly branches develop into spines). Leaves polymorphic (spathulate, elliptic and rhomboid, elliptic, lanceolate and oblanceolate) or unequal, 5–30 × 1–15 mm , with 4–12(–18) pairs teeth in margin and equall with margin glands; base of leaves cuneate, narrow cuneate or roundish; apex of leaves obtuse or acute; lateral nerves almost straight or curved, 2–6(–7) pairs, inconspicuous or conspicuous, alternate to opposite; petioles 1–6 mm long, almost pubescent. Inflorescence fasciculate to single flowered. Flowers 4- merous, unisexual or polygamous on leaves axis, 2–5 mm long; calyx campanulate, acute, 2–3 mm long with three veins, almost glandular; petals very small, filiform to broad, opposite to filaments, anthers basifixed; disk very small; ovary with 1–3 locular and with 1–3 styls. Fruits a fleshy glabrous drupe, spherical, oblong or triangular in outine, mature fruits black, immature green, yellow, green-red, greenish yellow or red, 3–5 mm long, with 1–3 seeds and 1–3 opened or closed furrowrs. Seeds almost 3–4 mm , elliptic, spherical or oval, cream, with one split.