Molecular and morphological evidence for Dendrobium bannaense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China Author Tian, Ying-Qiu Wenshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wenshan 663000, China Author Li, Ling Wenshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wenshan 663000, China Author Yang, Yu-Ling Wenshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wenshan 663000, China Author Huang, Yu-Bi text Phytotaxa 2017 2017-11-14 328 1 67 76 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.328.1.3 journal article 302518 10.11646/phytotaxa.328.1.3 60ba769e-df19-484c-99cd-99280e3097e8 1179-3163 13722580 Dendrobium bannaense Y.Q. Tian & Y.B. Huang , sp. nov. (DZAEHffi; Figs. 4 , 5 ) Type:— China . Yunnan (Āffl): Banna ( DZAE ), epiphytic on tree trunks in forests, 750 m , 6 May 2014 , Liu 7819 ( holotype : NOCC !). Diagnosis:—This new species is similar to Dendrobium parishii , but differs in having a white lip with purplish stripes and without a deep purple blotch on either side, an ovate narrowly elliptic dorsal sepal, ovate-oblong lateral sepals, ovate-elliptic petals that are 2.8 × 1.3 cm , and the nearly broadly obovate lip that is 3.1 × 4.0 cm, with denticulate margin, and the disk with 3 longitudinal ridges, extending from base to upper-middle part, the lower-middle part being thickened and swell to callus shape at the joint of lip and claw. FIGURE 4. Dendrobium bannaense Y.Q. Tian & Y.B. Huang. A. Flowering plant. B. Flower, front view. C. Dorsal sepal. D. Petal. E. Lateral sepal. F. Lip. G. Pollinarium. Epiphytic herbs. The plant 3.0–9.0 cm; stems ascending or erect, 3.0–9.0 cm long, and 5.0–8.0 mm in diameter, upper part curved, unbranched, with internodes 0.5–1.7 cm . Leaves leathery, narrowly oblong, 3.5–5.5 × 0.7–1.2 cm , apex obtuse and unequally bilobed; leaf sheath white membranous. Inflorescene lateral on old leafless stem, 1 flowered; peduncle nearly absent, 1 mm ; floral bracts membranous, broadly ovate, 2.5 mm , apex acute. Pedicel and ovary purplish-brown, 3.1 cm . Flowers spreading, slightly scented, sepals and petals purple, lip white with purplish stripes, column white with purplish halo, anther cap purple. Dorsal sepal ovate narrowly elliptic, 2.8 × 1.0 cm, apex subobtuse; lateral sepals ovate-oblong, 3.0 × 1.0 cm, apex acuminate; mentum conic, 7.0 mm, apex obtuse. Petals ovate-elliptic, 2.8 × 1.3 cm , apex acute, base shortly clawed, margin denticulate; lip nearly broadly obovate, 3.1 × 4.0 cm, both sides embracing column below middle, both surfaces densely pilose, margin fimbriate denticulate; disk with 3 longitudinal ridges, extending from base to upper-middle part, lower-middle part thickened and swell as callus shape at the joint of lip and claw. Column 4 mm with a foot 7.0 mm; pollinia 4, oblong, in 2 pairs. Flowering periods:— May. Distribution and habitat:— Dendrobium bannaense is epiphytic on tree trunks in forests at 750 m in Banna, Yunnan Province , China . Etymology:— The species epithet refers to the locality where this new species was first found. Conservation status:— Using the World Conservation Union Red List Categories and Criteria ( IUCN, 2001 ), D. bannaense should be treated as critically endangered.