Archaeococcoid scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) from the tropical high mountains of the Andean Cordillera, South America Author Foldi, Imre text Zootaxa 2009 2300 1 38 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.191685 1b3d32d1-1cb8-4508-a45a-c7608b7d8e54 1175-5326 191685 Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead) Llaveia abrahami Newstead, 1917 : 1 . Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead) ; Vayssière, 1926 : 313 . Remark . Unruh & Gullan (2008b) designated a lectotype for this species, provided diagnoses of the adult female and first-instar nymph, with a complete list of type material and a key to distinguish the adult female from all other species of the genus. Their diagnosis of the first-instar nymphs of C. abrahami was adapted from the original description because they did not have access to specimens of this instar. I recorded firstinstar nymphs associated with adult females and thus provide the first detailed description and illustration of the first-instar nymphs and adult females of this species. Recently, Kondo & Unruh (2009) published a photograph of live adult females of C. abrahami and included this species in their key to South American species of Iceryini. ADULT FEMALE ( Fig. 2 ) Description based on 8 females in fair condition. Material examined. GUYANA : Syntypes females, 4 slides of Crypticerya abrahami Newstead, Issororo, N.W. Dist. British Guiana (= Guyana ), 3.vi.15 . Syntypes examined during a visit, 1986, to BMNH . VENEZUELA : near Merida, 2000 m , on Calliandra falcata Benth. (Fabaceae) , November 2, 1984 , I. Foldi coll., 4 adult females on 4 slides, and 5 first-instar nymphs on 1 slide. MNHN . Mounted material : Body broadly oval, 5.6–5.9 mm long, 5.0– 5.2 mm wide; rounded at both ends. A good diagnostic feature for the adult female of this species is the presence of the long collared setae in a broad band around entire ventral submargin. Dorsum . Derm rather thickened. Multilocular pores of 4 types : (i) each 9–10 µm in diameter, with a large triangular centre ( Fig. 2 F) with 3 large inner loculi plus 3 pairs of outer loculi, evenly scattered across all body segments; (ii) larger pores, each 11–12 µm in diameter, with a large quadrilocular centre ( Fig. 2 D) with 4 inner loculi plus 12 outer small loculi, densely scattered throughout; (iii) smaller pores ( Fig. 2 A), each 8–9 µm in diameter, with 2 large inner loculi and a tiny subcentral loculus, plus 4 elongate outer loculi, present on head and thorax, and (iv) medium-sized pores ( Fig. 2 K), each 8–10 µm wide, with a strongly sclerotised opening centre plus 8–12 outer loculi, abundant around anal opening. Hair-like setae ( Fig. 2 E), each 45–80 µm long densely distributed throughout all body segments. Slender flagellate setae ( Fig. 2 S) scattered throughout. Spiniform setae absent. Anal opening dorsal, 95 µm wide, surrounded by hair-like setae and pores; anal tube ( Fig. 2 G), simple, about 130 µm long with a sclerotised inner end. Venter . Multilocular pores mainly circular to slightly oval in shape, of 5 types : (i) circular pores, each with an oval centre ( Fig. 2 R) with 2 central loculi plus a tiny central opening of a small ductule plus 12 outer loculi, scattered, but particularly abundant in vulvar region; (ii) similar pores but with a triangular centre with 3 inner loculi plus 9–12 outer loculi, rarer, scattered; (iii) medium sized pores same as on dorsum ( Fig. 2 K), each 8–10 µm in diameter, with a large circular centre plus 10 large outer loculi, scattered over entire surface; (iv) broadly oval pores ( Fig. 2 L, O ), each 11–13 µm wide, with a large bilocular centre plus 7 outer loculi, sparsely scattered on abdomen, and in groups of peristigmatic pores around each thoracic spiracle, associated with pore with Y-shaped opening and with irregular rim ( Fig. 2 P); and (v) pores 12–13 µm in diameter, each with 4 large loculi centre plus 12–14 outer loculi ( Fig. 2 D) (similar to those on dorsum), rare on head and thorax. Long collared setae ( Fig. 2 J), each 450–650 µm in a broad band around entire ventral submargin; intermixed with (a) shorter and scarcer hair-like setae, each 65–140 µm long, plus (b) longer setae, each 200– 300 µm long; also with multilocular pores, 9–10 µm in diameter, with bilocular or round centre ( types (i) and (v) above). Hair-like setae ( Fig. 2 E), each 45–80 µm long, similar of those of dorsum, densely scattered over entire surface. Clusters of setae and pores absent around margin. Flagellate setae ( Fig. 2 S) similar to those of dorsum scattered throughout venter. Antennae 11 segmented Fig. 2 B), 800–850 µm long; each antennal segment elongate with long flagellate setae and a few fleshy setae; apical segment longest, 110 µm long, 60 µm wide, with 2 or 3 long flagellate setae, each 290–330 µm, plus about 8–10 hair-like setae, each 120–150 µm long, and 2 or 3 straight fleshy setae, each 40–60 µm long. Eyes circular at base of antennae. Small convex pores ( Fig. 2 C) and minute setae (organ sensoria) on derm near scape and eyespots. Labium 3 segmented, apical segment with numerous hairlike setae anteriorly, each 70–100 µm long, and about 4–6 spatulate setae on apex. FIGURE 2. Adult female of Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead) . Where: A = pore with 2 large central loculi and 4 small elongated outer loculi; B = antenna; C = small convex pores and minute setae at base of scape; D = multilocular pore with 4 large central loculi and 12 small outer loculi; E = hair-like setae; F = pore with 3 large central loculi and 6 small outer loculi; G = anal tube; H = cicatrix; I = abdominal spiracle; J = long collared seta on submargin; K = multilocular pore around anal area; L = broadly oval multilocular pore; M = metathoracic leg; N = campaniform sensillum on trochanter; O = thoracic spiracle with enlargement of perispiracular pore (pp); P = pore with Y-shaped opening and an irregular rim. R = multilocular pores with a central ductule around vulvar opening; S = flagellate seta; T = hair. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 2 O ) unequal in size, with elongate peritremes; posterior pair larger, 130 µm wide, anterior pair 90 µm wide; each atrium without pores but with a large group of perispiracular multilocular pores ( Fig. 2 O ); each spiracle with a straight apodeme about 200 µm long. Abdominal spiracles ( Fig. 2 I): 3 pairs located on posterior three abdominal segments (VI–VIII) with peritreme about 22 µm wide; atrium without pores. Legs well developed ( Fig. 2 M), prothoracic legs shorter than meso- and metathoracic legs. Metathoracic legs: coxa about 300 µm long, 120 µm wide, with a large apodeme and with a strong articulatory sclerosis; trochanter + femur 480 µm long; trochanter with 3 campaniform sensillum ( Fig. 2 N) on each face, plus about 5 or 6 setae, each 40–60 µm long, and one ventral trochanteral seta 250 µm long; femur robust, nearly as wide (230 µm) as long (250 µm), with few setae dorsally and laterally, each 60–70 µm long, plus one long seta ventrally, 140 µm long; tibia 400 µm long, 80 µm, wide articulating strongly with femur, with about 18 setae along ventral margin, each 50–70 µm long, stouter towards apex, plus a few setae dorsally; tarsus 200 µm long, 70 µm wide, with tarsal setae increasing in length toward apex up to 60 µm; claw 60 µm long, without a denticle, but with one pair of acute digitules, each 50 µm long. Ovisac pore band and marsupial pore band absent. Cicatrices ( Fig. 2 H): 3, grouped in a semicircle posteromedially to vulva; each rather elliptical, 140– 160 µm long, with a mosaic surface. Vulvar opening a transverse fissure, on ventromedial area of abdomen, about 700 µm wide, surrounded by multilocular pores ( Fig. 2 R), each 10–12 µm in diameter, and each with a mostly bilocular centre surrounding a minute, elongate central loculus and 10–14 outer loculi ( type (i) above). FIRST-INSTAR NYMPH ( Fig. 3 ) Description based on 2 specimens in good condition. Mounted material. Body oval, elongate 850–1000 µm long, 450–550 µm wide. Dorsum . Multilocular pores of 2 types : (i) hexagonal pores ( Fig. 3 C) 7–8 µm wide, each with a large bilocular centre plus 6 smaller outer loculi, and (ii) circular pores ( Fig. 3 G), each 9–10 µm in diameter, with a round centre plus 8 outer loculi; both pore types present in transverse rows over entire surface of body. Hairlike setae (Fig, 3K), each 30–80 µm long, scattered on head and thorax, and in transverse rows on abdominal segments. Venter . Small multilocular pores ( Fig. 3 H), each about 6–7 µm in diameter, with 2 large inner loculi plus 2–4 smaller outer loculi, present submarginally and submedially on abdominal segments III–VII. Larger multilocular pores ( Fig. 3 G), each 9–10 µm in diameter, with a round centre and 8 outer loculi, similar to type (ii) on dorsum, rare; also quadrilocular pores ( Fig. 3 H) present in submarginal and submedian areas. Setal distribution: collared setae ( Fig. 3 L) present marginally around body, each about 450–650 µm long, with large, conical collars, setal length increasing towards abdominal apex ( Fig. 3 L); these marginal setae forming segmental clusters of 2 or 3 setae: one long collared seta plus 1 or 2 shorter hair-like setae, each 100–200 µm long ( Fig. 3 O ). Hair-like setae, each 40–70 µm long, in a transverse row 1 seta wide on abdominal segments III–VI. Anal tube ( Fig. 3 D) 30 µm wide, with an inner sclerotized ring of polygonal wax pores ( Fig. 3 F), plus 6–8 multilocular pores. each pore ( Fig. 3 E) with 1 circular central loculus plus 6 similar outer loculi. Anal opening sclerotised. Posterior end of abdomen with 3 pairs of long caudal setae ( Fig. 3 J), each 1.0– 1.2 mm long; these caudal setae surround a median pair of shorter collared setae, length about 600 µm, similar to collared setae around of body margin. Antennae 6 segmented ( Fig. 3 M), 420 µm long; scape with 2 or 3 setae, each 40–50 µm; segments II–V with a few long setae, each 80–160 µm long; apical segment 150 µm long, more than 1/3rd total length of antenna, with numerous long hair-like setae, each about 200–400 µm long, plus about 13–16 shorter setae varying in length between 90 to 160 µm, and a few fleshy setae, each 35–40 µm long. Eyespots conical ( Fig. 3 N), located near antennal bases. Sensory pores present in a small group of 2 or 3, between antennae and eyes, each 5–7 µm in diameter. Labium with 12–16 hair-like setae, plus some spatulate setae at apex. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 3 B), each with an elongate peritreme 25 and 40 µm wide respectively; pores absent from atrium. Abdominal spiracles in 3 pairs, each very small, about 3–4 µm wide, without pores in atrium. A single cicatrice present posteroventrally. Prothoracic leg ( Fig. 3 A) lengths: coxa 80 µm long, with 2 or 3 setae, each 40–60 µm long; trochanter + femur 210 µm long; trochanter with 2 campaniform sensilla on each face, with few setae plus a 1 long trochanteral seta, 110–130 µm; femur with few setae, each 30–60 µm long; tibia 230 µm long with few setae, each 30–50 µm long; tarsus 140 µm long, with 3 or 4 setae, each 20–40 µm long; tarsal digitules each about 50 µm long; claw 35 µm long, with a pair of digitules apparently of unequal length, each 45–90 µm long; claw without a denticle. Distribution. Colombia , Guyana , Venezuela . Remarks. Three species, C. abrahami (Newstead) , C. pimentae (Newstead) and C. rosae (Riley & Howard) , belong in the Crypticerya rosae group of Unruh & Gullan (2008b) , who considered these species to be morphologically identical. Unruh & Gullan did not synonymise them because they differ genetically and are found in different regions: C. abrahami in Colombia , Guyana and Venezuela , C. pimentae in Jamaica and C. rosae in Florida ( USA ) and Mexico . Crypticerya abrahami (Newstead) is rather similar to C. rosae (Riley & Howard) in that both females form neither an ovisac nor a marsupium and the secretion on the dorsal surface forms only a fine, thin coat; they also share broadly oval mutilocular pores with a bilocular centre, circular pores with a trilocular centre; multilocular pores with a bilocular centre with a central ductule; also the length of the marginal-submarginal hair-like setae is nearly the same (650 µm and 625 µm long). However, C. abrahami differs from C. rosae as follows: in the presence of pores with Y-shaped opening; in having multilocular pores with a circular centre and 10 outer loculi on anal area, and in the presence of numerous perispiracular thoracic pores. In first-instar nymphs of C. abrahami , Newstead (1917) indicated 4 pairs of caudal setae, but in reality there are only 3 pairs (each 1.0– 1.2 mm long); the apparent median pair are much shorter and correspond to collared setae, of length about 600 µm, which is the same length as collared setae on the margin of the body. First-instar nymphs of C. rosae and C. multicicatrices also have 3 pairs of caudal setae, with maximum length of perhaps 1270 µm and 1100 µm, respectively. First-instar nymphs of C. abrahami differ from those of C. rosae in the presence of dorsal hexagonal pores and ventral quadrilocular pores. Also long marginal collared setae are distributed along the entire margin in C. abrahami , but only on the abdominal segments in C. rosae .