Taxonomy of epilithic diatoms and teratological forms under the presence of metals in surface sediment Author Amaral, Mailor Wellinton Wedig 0000-0003-0749-4499 Graduate Program in Conservation and Management of Natural Resources (PPRN), Western Paraná State University, Universitária Street, 2019, Jardim Universitário, zip code 85819 - 110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil wedig_npi@hotmail.com Author Medeiros, Gabriela 0000-0002-5444-3064 Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering (PGEAGRI), Western Paraná State University, Universitária Street, 2019, Jardim Universitário, zip code 85819 - 110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil gabsmedeiros@gmail.com Author Daufenbach, Vanessa 0000-0002-7186-029X National Network Professional Master in Water Resources Management and Regulation (ProfÁgua), Federal University of Technology - Paraná. Rosalina Maria Ferreira Street, 1233, Vila Carola, zip code 87301 - 899, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil vanessa.daufenbach@gmail.com Author Sampaio, Silvio Cesar 0000-0002-9034-432X Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering (PGEAGRI), Western Paraná State University, Universitária Street, 2019, Jardim Universitário, zip code 85819 - 110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil silvio.sampaio@unioeste.br Author Reis, Ralpho Rinaldo Dos 0000-0002-2476-2136 Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering (PGEAGRI), Western Paraná State University, Universitária Street, 2019, Jardim Universitário, zip code 85819 - 110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil ralpho.reis@unioeste.br Author Ludwig, Thelma Alvim Veiga 0000-0003-0576-3499 Graduate Program in Botany, Federal University of Paraná. Life Sciences department. Centro Politécnico, mailbox Postal 19031, Jardim das Américas, zip code 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil veiga13ufpr@gmail.com Author Bueno, Norma Catarina 0000-0001-6939-9222 Graduate Program in Conservation and Management of Natural Resources (PPRN), Western Paraná State University, Universitária Street, 2019, Jardim Universitário, zip code 85819 - 110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil normacatarina@hotmail.com text Phytotaxa 2024 2024-05-14 647 3 237 273 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.647.3.3 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.647.3.3 1179-3163 13215724 Eunotia bilunaris (Ehrenberg) Schaarschmidt (1880: 159) Figs 4 : G–J, 13: A Length: 11.8–88.9 µm; width: 2.4–4.7 µm; striae: 15–19 in 10 µm (n = 49) FIGURE 4. Epilithic diatoms from Cascavel River micro-watershed in LM. A–C. Actinella hermes-moreirae . D–J. Eunotia bilunaris . G–J. Teratological valves. K–P. E. botulitropica . P. Teratological valve. Q–R. E. canicula . S–T. E. desmogonioides . T. Teratological valve. U–X. E. subarcuatoides . W–X. Teratological valves. Y–Z. E. fallax . AA. E. formica . AB. E. formicina . AC. E. karenae . AD. E. intricans . AE. E. longicamelus . AF. E. rabenhorstii var. monodon . AG. E. rabenhorstii var. triodon . AH–AJ. E. juettnerae . AK–AM. E. kruegeri . AN–AO. E. muscicola . AP–AQ. E. monodon . AQ. Teratological valve. AR–AX. E. meridiana . AV–AX. Teratological valves. AY. E. georgii . Scale bars: 10 µm. Teratological form : deformed valve outline, undulated, with protrusion, slight or strong constriction in the median portion of the valve, or strong bent ventrally or near the apices. Occurrence : S1, S2, S3, S4, S6, S8. Ecological characteristics : Cond.: 41.00–70.00 µS cm –1 ; BOD: 0.89–9.35 mg L− 1 ; COD: 1.20–20.32 mg L− 1 ; N-NH: 18–316 µg L− 1 ; NO: 3 3 − 1 − 1 − − 1 − 1 0.32–9.31 mg L; DO: 7.70–19.50 mg L; pH: 5.79–6.99; PO: 0.003 –0.022 mg L; TP: 0.007 –0.040 mg L; TS: 10.00–174.00 4 mg L− 1 ; Temp.: 17.37–23.56 °C; Turb.: 2.47–37.50; Flow: 0.07–5.49 m 3 s; Average depth: 0.04–0.42 m ; Prec.: 2.37–11.17 mm . Metal concentrations : Co: 17.50–47.24 mg L –1 ; Cr: 21.98–81.32 mg L –1 ; Cu: 160.64–263.62 mg L- 1 ; Mn: 349.80–502.78 mg L –1 ; Ni: 27.57–66.65 mg L –1 ; Pb: 33.49–66.21 mg L –1 ; Zn: 78.97–170.48 mg L –1 .