A survey of Diphya Nicolet, 1849 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from South Africa Author Omelko, Mikhail M. 0000-0002-1556-6248 Federal Scientific Center of East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia Far Eastern Federal University, Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Aquatic Organisms (LEEBAO), School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok 690091, Russia & omelkom @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1556 - 6248 omelkom@gmail.com Author Marusik, Yuri M. 0000-0002-4499-5148 Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Portovaya Street 18, Magadan 685000, Russia & Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa & Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, FI- 20014, Finland & yurmar @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4499 - 5148 yurmar@mail.ru Author Lyle, Robin 0000-0002-5279-5306 Biosystematics: Arachnology, ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Pretoria, South Africa & LyleR @ arc. agric. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5279 - 5306 text Zootaxa 2020 2020-12-30 4899 1 259 279 journal article 8803 10.11646/zootaxa.4899.1.14 9730d2b0-31d4-421c-8ca9-d7c8cf5b89e4 1175-5326 4400533 1CD410D3-F192-46D0-8BF2-A6E977BEFA33 Diphya wesolowskae sp. nov. Figures 1 A–B, 2A, H, 3A–D, 4D, 5D, 6A, 7A, D, 8B, 9C, F–H, 10A–E, 11D, 13H–J Etymology. The specific name is a matronym in honor of Wanda Wesołowska (Wrocław, Poland ) for her contributions to taxonomic studies of African Salticidae and on the occasion of her 70 th birthday celebration. Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from the widely distributed D. simoni by the lack of a carapace pattern. Males of D. wesolowskae sp. nov. can be distinguished from other congeners by the relatively long palpal femur (cf. Figs 7 A–D, 8B), distinctly longer than cymbium, the roundly bent and sharply pointed dorsal cymbial process (in lateral view), and the tip of the conductor bent ventrally (vs. not bent, or bent anteriorly). Females of the new species are most similar to those of D. foordi sp. nov. , and differ by wider septal stem (ca. 1/3 of septal base width vs . ca. 1/5). Description. Male ( Holotype , NCA 2015/1557). TL 2.8, CL 1.61, CW 1.19. Carapace brown or dark brown, with poorly visible yellow to brown longitudinal band; carapace edges in posterior half with thin yellow lines. Ocular area black; clypeus yellowish, somewhat higher than AME diameter. Chelicerae and mouthparts dark brown; chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth. Sternum brown, with blackish edges and longitudinal stripe. Femora I–II uniformly light brown; III–IV darker brown dorsally. Patellae I–III brown; IV slightly darker brown. Tibiae yellow, somewhat darker distally; tibiae III–IV darker than I–II. Metatarsi I–II dark yellow; III–IV yellow, gray dorsally. Tarsi I–II dark yellow, III–IV yellow. Abdomen dorsally brown or dark brown, with pair of large black spots anteriorly (two males with lighter abdomen and indistinct pattern consisting of spots and lines), surrounded by white guanine line. Lateral sides grayish (blackish at rear parts), with thin longitudinal yellow stripes. Ventrally dark gray, surrounded by yellowish spots. FIGURE 10. SEM micrographs of leg I of Diphya wesolowskae sp. nov. (A–E, C) and D. simoni Kauri, 1950 (F–K). A Whole leg, prolateral; B, F Magnified metatarsus, showing modified ventral spines; C, G Microstructure of the cuticle; E, H Metatarsus, prolateral; D, J–K Tarsal claws, different aspects; I Tarsus, ventral. Scales = 0.1 mm if not otherwise indicated. Palp and leg segment lengths

Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Total
palp	0.43	0.16	0.14	-	0.36	1.09
I	1.79	0.59	1.57	1.57	0.79	6.31
II	1.56	0.57	1.29	1.43	0.73	5.58
III	0.93	0.36	0.64	0.66	0.43	3.02
IV	1.17	0.34	0.86	1.00	0.49	3.86

Spination of legs I–II

Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt
I	2p2r	1d	3d3p1r	1d
II	1d2p2r	1d	2d2p1r	-

Mt I–II and upper parts Ti I–II with row of prolateral spines. Palp as in Figs 7A, D , 8B , 9C, F , G–H; tibia long, 4 times longer than wide, ca. 1.2 longer than cymbium; tibia long, almost 1/2 of femur length; cymbium with long dorsal process, appearing as sharply pointed in lateral view ( Fig. 8B ), but rounded in anterior view ( Fig. 9F ); conductor well sclerotized, with tip bent ventrally; embolus and embolic loop relatively short, loop as long as dorsal cymbial process. Female ( Paratype , NCA 2014/3607). TL 3.17. CL 1.60, CW 1.17. Carapace dark brown, with yellow-brown longitudinal band; edge of carapace with very thin yellow line in its rear half. Ocular area dark brown. Clypeus dark brown, lower than AME diameter. Chelicerae and mouthparts brown. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Sternum dark brown, with dark edges and longitudinal stripe. Femora light brown. Patellae light brown; III–IV darker than I–II. Tibiae light brown; III–IV darker dorsally. Metatarsi and tarsi light brown; III–IV darker than I–II.Abdomen dorsally light brown, with number of guanine spots, couple of large black spots and several pairs of stripes. Lateral sides dark gray, with yellow spots and stripes. Ventrally grayish. Palp and leg segment lengths

Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Total
palp	0.43	0.16	0.36	-	0.49	1.43
I	1.59	0.63	1.39	1.53	0.81	5.94
II	1.44	0.56	1.24	1.29	0.64	5.17
III	0.93	0.36	0.67	0.79	0.47	3.21
IV	1.29	0.36	0.94	0.93	0.53	4.04

FIGURE 11. Epigyne, ventral view of Diphya simoni Kauri, 1950 (A), D. foord i sp. nov. (B), D. vanderwaltae sp. nov. (C) and D. wesolowskae sp. nov. (D). Scales = 0.2 mm. FIGURE 12. Variation of epigyne in Diphya simoni Kauri, 1950 . A, I, N Macerated, dorsal; B, H, Macerated, ventral; C–G, K–L Intact, ventral; M Macerated, anterior; N–P Macerated, dorsal, posterior and antero-lateral. Scales = 0.2 mm. Spination of legs I–II

Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt
I	1p	1d	2d3p1r	1d
II	1d	1d	2d2p1r	-

Mt I–II and upper parts Ti I–II with row of prolateral spines. Epigyne as in Figs 11D , 13 H–J; epigynal plate wider than long, with transversal septal base; septum with short and broad stem (ca. 1/3 of septal base width), septum lacking distinct pockets; receptacle elongate-oval, 2 times longer than wide, converging anteriorly, spaced (not touching each other). Type material. Holotype ♁: SOUTH AFRICA : KwaZulu-Natal : Baynesfield , 29°40.620’S , 29°55.320’E , leg. I. Yekwayo , 1.V.2014 (grassland, midlands, pit trap ) ( NCA 2015 /1557). FIGURE 13. Epigyne of Diphya vanderwaltae sp. nov. (A–C), D. foordi sp. nov. (E–G), D. wesolowskae sp. nov. (H–J) and D. simoni Kauri, 1950 (D, K–L). Scales = 0.2 mm. Paratypes : SOUTH AFRICA : KwaZulu-Natal : Cathedral Peak , 28°56.4’S , 29°11.4’E , leg. C. Uys , 6.I.2005 (grassland, active search), 1♀ ( NCA 2014 /3908); Injasuthi Forest , leg. C. Uys , 22.VI.2004 (active), 1♀ ( NCA 2014 /3915); Injasuti Nature Reserve , 29°07.2’S , 29°13.2’E , leg. C. Uys , 22.VI.2004 (forest, active search), 1♁ ( NCA 2014 /3914); Same locality and collector, 21.IX.2004 , 1♁ ( NCA 2016 /1670); Same locality and collector, 22.VI.2004 , 1♀ ( NCA 2014 /3607); Ithala Game Reserve , Ntshodwe Camp , 27°32.699’S 31°16.911’E , leg. C. Haddad & Z. Mbo , 27.I.2014 (short forest, sifting leaf litter), 1♀ ( NCA 2013 /4945); Royal Natal National Park , 28°43.8’S , 28°55.2’E , leg. C. Uys , 15.I.2005 (grassland, active search), 1♁ ( NCA 2014 /3902) . Limpopo : Entabeni Forest , 23°00’S , 30°13.8’E , leg. J. Horn , 17.I.2002 (forest, sweepnet), 1♀ ( NCA 2010 /3451); Same locality, leg. C. Schoeman , 3.XII.2012 ( pit trap ), 1♁ ( NCA 2014 /3336); Entabeni Nature Reserve , 22°59.518’S , 30°15.422’E , leg. S. Foord , 11.II.2008 (grassveld/plantation, sweepnet), 1♁ ( NCA 2010 /1948); Grootbosch Forest , 23°43.8’S , 30°01.8’E , leg. J. Horn , 22.X.2001 (forest, sweepnet), 1♁ ( NCA 2010 /3949); Same locality and collector, 9.I.2002 , 1♁ 1♀ ( NCA 2010 /3455); Same locality and collector, 14.XI.2001 , 1♀ ( NCA 2010 /3947); Same locality and collector, 9.I.2002 , 1♀ ( NCA 2010 /3456); Lajuma Mountain Retreat , 23°02.280’S , 29°26.520’E , leg. AFRAS members, 6.II.2008 (hand collecting), 1♁ ( NCA AcAT 2008/3346); Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve , Farm The Downs, 24°08.4’S , 30°18.6’E , leg. V. Gelebe , 18.I.2009 (grassland, tall forest, active search below knee), 1♁ ( NCA 2013 /1401); Same locality, 24°08.294’S , 30°11.759’E , leg. V. Gelebe (tall forest with grassland, below the knee), 1♀ ( NCA 2015 /3712); Same locality and collector, 11.II.2008 (forest, pit trap ), 1♁ ( NCA 2009 /1292) . Distribution. This species is known from the eastern parts of South Africa only, and has been found in the KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo Provinces ( Fig 14 ).