A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts Author Suzuki, Noritoshi Author Caulet, Jean-Pierre Author Dumitrica, Paulian text Geodiversitas 2021 2021-07-08 43 15 405 573 journal article 5275 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a15 a8353504-9387-42cf-8d81-8ecacbe9bd90 1638-9395 5101757 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DC259A19-9B35-4B33-AD9F-44F4E1DA9983 Superfamily SPONGOSPHAEROIDEA Haeckel, 1862 Spongosphaerida Haeckel, 1862: 239 , 452 [as a tribe]; 1882: 455 [as a subfamily]. Spongosphaeroidea – Suzuki & Not 2015: 196 . DIAGNOSIS. — Spongy spherical cortical skeleton. Inner part was empty or consisted of a single or double medullary shell. A variable number of three-bladed radial spines, or radial beams, are observed. REMARKS The Spongosphaeroidea corresponds to the Clade D of Lineage I ( Sandin et al. 2021 ) and includes only the family Spongosphaeridae . Classically, this superfamily includes the Spongosphaeridae and Spongodrymidae ; however, the Spongodrymidae was grouped in Clade I of Lineage III ( Sandin et al. 2021 ) and represented by “ Plegmosphaerella ”- form of Plegmosphaeromma (specimen ID Vil210, Vil451 of Sandin et al. 2021 ). The Spongosphaeridae possess robust three-bladed primary radial beams/spines. In contrast, the Spongodrymidae have fibrous radial beams radiating from the microsphere. Both families have a common centroaxoplastid-type protoplasmic structure of the intracapsular zone, but their central structures are quite different. The Spongosphaeridae have double or single medullary shells ( Kurihara & Matsuoka 2004 ) as a stable character, while the central part of the Spongodrymidae is variable: empty hollow, with a structureless mesh, a fine polyhedron microsphere and other infra-species variations ( Hollande & Enjumet 1960 ; Swanberg et al. 1990 ).