Parastephanellus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae) revisited, with description of two new species from China Author Tan, Jiang-Li Author Achterberg, Cornelis Van Author Tan, Qing-Qing Author Zhou, Tong Author Li, Tao text Zootaxa 2018 2018-08-15 4459 2 327 349 journal article 29019 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.7 ab020f87-34fa-4af8-806e-c008d3b085ba 1175-5326 1458671 80274354-1EC7-4E81-A672-A01259FB66C2 Key to species of the genus Parastephanellus Enderlein from China 1 Medio-anteriorly pronotum steeply arising behind neck ( Figs 19 , 27 , 63 ); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ wide ( Figs 22 , 66 ); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.1–1.5 × (rarely up to 1.6 x) vein 1-SR ( Figs 18 , 62 ); pale streak of temple rather narrow dorsally and distinctly remaining removed from occipital carina ( Figs 26 , 69 ); [ovipositor sheath 1.4–1.8 × as long as body; frons of ♀ largely dark brown, but yellowish in ♂ ; sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r ( Figs 18 , 62 ); temples moderately angulate to rounded in dorsal view ( Figs 25 , 68 )]......................................... 2 - Medio-anteriorly pronotum gradually arising behind neck ( Figs 4 , 12 ); emargination of pygidial area of ♀ usually narrower ( Figs 6 , 54 , 71 , 93 ); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.5–2.2 × vein 1-SR ( Figs 3 , 11 , 45 ; but 1.3–1.5 × in P. yixiwui ; Fig. 72 ); pale streak of temple variable, but usually close to occipital carina ( Figs 9 , 17 , 46 , 57 , 99 ), except in P. yixiwui ( Figs 80 , 85, 89 )....... 3 2 Hind coxa of ♀ 2.1–2.2 × as long as wide in dorso-lateral view ( Fig. 21 ; ♂ up to 2.6 ×, measured over flat aciculate or coriaceous area in dorso-lateral view: Fig. 2 ); first metasomal tergite 4.4–5.5 × as long as its maximum width ( Fig. 30 ); hind tibia 1.2 × as long as hind femur ( Fig. 23 ); temple behind pale streak chestnut to orange brown ( Fig. 26 ); vein r of fore wing ends near level of apex of pterostigma ( Figs 18 , 28 ); [middle basitarsus of ♀ 6–7 × as long as its medial width; first discal cell of fore wing comparatively narrow and its length approx. 3.1 × as long as vein 1-M ( Fig. 18 )]......................................................................................... P. brevicoxalis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 - Hind coxa of ♀ 2.7–3.0 × as long as wide in dorso-lateral view ( Fig. 65 ); first metasomal tergite 6.8–7.5 × as long as its maximum width; hind tibia 1.1 × as long as hind femur; temple behind pale streak dark brown ( Fig. 69 ); vein r of fore wing ends far behind level of apex of pterostigma ( Fig. 62 )................................... P. matsumotoi van Achterberg, 2006 3 Pterostigma obtuse apically ( Fig. 92 ); pronotum stout in dorsal view ( Fig. 94 ); yellowish streak of temple reaching occipital carina dorsally ( Fig. 98 ); pronotum below tegulae with some rugulae ( Fig. 93 ); pygidial area of ♀ not protruding latero-api- cally and emargination shallow ( Fig. 95 ); ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body; first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 4 × as long as its maximum width; [vein 1-M of fore wing 2.2 × vein 1-SR and 1.3 × vein m-cu; propodeum medially densely foveolate and interspaces small; laterally pronotum dark brown ( Fig. 91 )]........................................................................................ P. zhejiangensis Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 - Pterostigma roundly narrowed apically ( Figs 45 , 72 ); pronotum relatively slender in dorsal view ( Figs 48 , 74 ) or robust ( Figs 13 , 37 ); yellowish streak of temple remain separated from occipital carina in dorsal view ( Figs. 53 , 60 , 79 ); pronotum below tegulae costate ( Fig. 63 ); pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding latero-apically and emargination moderately deep ( Figs 6 , 71 ), but intermediate in P. evexus ( Fig. 54 ); ovipositor sheath 1.3–1.7 × as long as body (unknown of P. brevistigma ); if about as long as body ( P. evexus ) then first metasomal tergite of ♀ 9–10 × as long as its maximum width ( Fig. 44 ).............. 4 4 Vein 1-SR of fore wing weakly angled with vein 1-M and about as long as vein 2-M+CU1 ( Fig. 35 ); first discal cell of fore wing narrow and distinctly parallel-sided ( Fig. 35 ); vein m-cu of fore wing about as long as vein 2-SR+M ( Fig. 35 ); pronotum yellowish brown and distinctly paler than mesoscutum ( Fig. 36 ); [vein 1-M of fore wing 2.1 × vein 1-SR and 1.1 × vein m-cu; temple yellowish posteriorly and ivory streak slightly contrasting with it ( Fig. 42 ); anterior part of mesoscutum in dorsal view rather shiny and (except for 3 crenulate grooves) largely smooth ( Fig. 36 ); frons regularly transversely rugose medially; only male holotype known from Taiwan, males from continental China belong to P. austrochinensis Belokobylskij ]......................................................................................... P. brevistigma Enderlein, 1913 - Vein 1-SR of fore wing strongly angled with vein 1-M and 2–4 × as long as vein 2-M+CU1 ( Figs 3 , 11 45 , 72 ), rarely shorter; first discal cell of fore wing moderately wide and less parallel-sided ( Fig. 3 , 11 , 72 ); vein m-cu of fore wing much longer than vein 2-SR+M ( Figs 3 , 11 , 72 ); pronotum variable, usually dark brown or blackish, similar to colour of mesoscutum ( Figs 46 , 73 ) or at least dorsally so ( Figs 5 , 48 )...................................................................... 5 5 Frons of ♀ narrow ( Fig. 7 ); vein cu-a of fore wing sinuate and posteriorly distinctly reclivous ( Fig. 3 ); vein 1-M of fore wing 1.3 × vein m-cu ( Fig. 3 ); hind femur shiny and largely (except medially) smooth; yellowish streak of temple surpassing upper level of occipital carina in dorsal view ( Fig. 8 ); first metasomal tergite of ♀ approximately 8.3 × as long as its maximum width; pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding latero-apically ( Fig. 6 ); [temples of ♀ distinctly angulate in dorsal view ( Fig. 8 ); laterally pronotum chestnut brown ( Fig. 4 ); basal part of pterostigma about 1.5 × as long as vein r ( Fig. 3 ); distance from dorsally widened pale streak on temple to occipital carina in dorsal view less than width of streak ( Fig. 8 )]...................................................................................... P. angulatus Hong, van Achterberg & Xu, 2011 - Frons of ♀ moderately wide ( Figs 52 , 78 ); vein cu-a of fore wing nearly straight and posteriorly slightly reclivous ( Figs 11 , 45 , 72 ); vein 1-M of fore wing 0.9–1.1 × vein m-cu ( Figs 11 , 45 , 72 ), rarely 1.2 ×; hind femur with satin sheen and largely microsculptured ( Figs 14 , 50 , 77 ); size of yellowish streak of temple variable ( Figs 16 , 53 , 60 , 79 ); first metasomal tergite of ♀ 4.8– 7.2 × as long as its maximum width ( Fig. 75 ), if up to 9.5–10.9 × as long as wide ( Fig. 44 ) then pygidial area of ♀ hardly protruding latero-apically ( Fig. 54 )6 6 First metasomal tergite of ♀ very slender, approx. 9.5 × as long as wide ( Fig. 44 ), of ♂ 8.7–10.9 ×; ovipositor sheath approximately as long as body and 1.8 × as long as fore wing; hind femur in front of middle tooth hardly dentate ( Figs 43 , 50 , 55 ); sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing up to level of apex of vein r ( Fig. 45 ); pygidial area of ♀ not protruding and rounded latero-apically ( Figs 43 , 54 ); temples of ♀ strongly angulate in dorsal view ( Fig. 53 , but rounded in ♂ : Fig. 60 ); [posterior part of pronotum and mesoscutum moderately high in lateral view ( Fig. 43 )]............................... P. evexus sp. n. - First metasomal tergite of ♀ less slender, 6.2–7.2 × as long as wide ( Fig. 75 ), of ♂ up to 8.7 ×; ovipositor sheath 1.4–1.7 × as long as body and 2.5–2.8 × as long as fore wing; hind femur in front of middle tooth distinctly dentate ( Figs 14 , 77 , 90 ); pygidial area of ♀ distinctly protruding and truncate latero-apically ( Fig. 71 ); temples of ♀ rounded to moderately angulate in dorsal view ( Fig. 79 ); sclerotized part of vein 2-M of fore wing surpassing level of apex of vein r ( Figs 11 , 72 )................. 7 7 Posterior part of pronotum very low ( Figs 73 , 85 ); frons of ♀ dark brown ( Fig. 78 ; yellow in ♂ : 88); first metasomal tergite slender, 6.2–7.2 × as long as wide ( Fig. 75 ); pronotum black, and in dorsal view less robust and posterior part partly coarsely sculptured ( Fig. 74 )....................................................................... P. yixiwui sp. n. - Posterior part of pronotum comparatively high ( Fig. 12 ); frons of both sexes brownish yellow ( Fig. 15 ); first metasomal tergite rather robust, approximately 5 × as long as its maximum width; pronotum orange brown, and in dorsal view robust and posterior part superficially sculptured ( Fig. 13 ); [frons transversely rugose; ivory streak of temple hardly contrasting with yellowish remainder of temple ( Fig. 17 ; ♂, but slightly more in ♀)]............... P. austrochinensis Belokobylskij, 1995 , reinstated