A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea Author Chen, Xin Author He, Hai Author Zhang, Li-Bing 1 Department of Botany, College of Boology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd., Xuanwu Qu, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China 2 College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, P. R. China 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: e-mails: hehaicq @ yahoo. com; libing. zhang @ mobot. org hehaicq@yahoo.com text Phytotaxa 2015 2015-10-02 229 1 448 450 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.229.1.1 1179-3163 13632375 63. Anisophyllea scortechinii King (1897: 325) ( Figure 124 ) Type :— MALAYSIA . Perak : Without locality, no date, Scortechini 1807 ( lectotype P-00641654!, here designated , isolectotypes G-00551115!, K-000493116!, K-000493117!, L-0009836!, SING-0059208!). Remaining syntypes : Wraij 960 and 2100 ; King's Collector 5681 and 8821 . Small trees to 10 m tall; bark pale grey, slightly fissured; young branches slender, densely pannose (with appressed hairs rusty, ca. 0.3 mm long) and pilose (with ascending hairs also rusty, up to 1 mm long); buds hairy as branches. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 0.8–1.5 cm , between two adjacent different types of leaves 2–5 mm ; small leaves caducous, sessile, appressed to twigs, falcate-lanceolate, 2.5–6.0 mm long, 1.0– 2.5 mm wide, base acute, apex acuminate, margins ciliate, glabrous adaxially, sparsely pannose abaxially; large leaves shortly petiolate, petiole 1–3 mm long, 0.8–1.0 mm in diam., hairy as young branches; leaf blade falcate-lanceolate or falcate-rhomboid, 4.0– 15.5 cm long, 1.5–6.0 cm wide, base strongly oblique and acute, apex acuminate, thinly coriaceous, brightly green adaxially and paler abaxially, pannose and pilose with rusty hairs when young, glabrescent and sometimes with a few scattered appressed hairs (turning brownish, and to 0.6 mm long) on both surfaces and more often on veins; main longitudinal veins 5–6, springing from blade base, rarely with 1–2 innermost lateral veins a little distance from midribe above blade base, outermost two lateral veins rather fine and near blade margins, slightly prominent adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially; transverse veins parallel, at angles of 60–70° with midrib, prominent on both surfaces; veinlets reticulate, scalariform. Inflorescences and supra-axillary, bearing either male or bisexual flowers; inflorescences bearing bisexual flowers a spike, rachis 1–2 cm long, ca. 0.6 mm in diam., densely pannose with rusty hairs to 0.3 mm long, remotely flowered with floral internodes 1.2–2.5 mm distant; bracts lanceolate to deltoid, 1.0– 1.8 mm long, 0.3–0.5 mm wide, margins ciliate, pannose abaxially, each with one axillary flower; flower buds oblong, ca. 1.8 mm long, 1.2 mm in diam., sparsely pannose; inflorescences bearing male flowers a panicle with only 1–2 branches, rachis up to 12 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diam., pannose as inflorescences bearing bisexual flowers but much lighter in color, uneavenly disposed of flowers in umbels of 1.5–10 mm distant; bracts as inflorescences bearing bisexual flowers; flower buds with 4- angular, ca. 0.8 mm in diam., pannose; flowers polygamous, 4-merous, greenish white; bisexual flowers sessile or subsessile, receptacle cylindric, to 1.2 mm long, same in diam., sparsely pannose with short hairs ca. 0.16 mm long; MONOGRAPH OF ANISOPHYLLEACEAE Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 161 sepals deltoid, to 1.2 mm long, 1 mm wide at base, reflexed, margins ciliate, sparsely pannose abaxially; petals obovate, ca. 0.6 mm long, 0.2 mm wide at base, 3-lobed to middle length or lower, width at base of lobes to 0.4 mm , lateral two lobes wider than middle one; stamens 8, equal in length, filament ca. 0.5 mm long, anther subglobose, ca. 0.4 mm long; disk deeply lobed; styles 4, free, base conical, ca. 0.8 mm long, stigmas subcapitate; male flowers pedicelled, pedicel 1.0– 1.8 mm long, pannose; sepals, petals, stamens and disk same as bisexual flowers; pistil rudiments, styles 4, subulate, ca. 0.5 mm long, 0.25 mm wide at base. Fruits ellipsoid to oblong, obtuse on both ends, 1.5–2.0 cm long, 1.2–1.6 cm in diam., surface smooth, glabrous; pericarp woody, to 1.5 mm thick; persistent calyx lobes reflexed. Seed one, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm long, 1 cm in diam. FIGURE 124. Anisophyllea scortechinii King. Leafy branches ( Scortechini 1807 ; lectotype, P-00641654). 162 • Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CHEN ET AL. Fruiting: —March–June. Habitat and distribution: — In lowland forests; below 500 m . Indonesia ( Riau Islands ); Malaysia ( Johor, Kedah, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu ); Singapore ( Figure 125 ) . Vernacular names: — Malaysia : Kayu ribu-ribu . Taxonomic notes: —Like Anisophyllea disticha and A. rhomboidea , A. scortechinii has more or less rhomboid large leaves in distichous arrangement on branches, and the base of its blade is strongly oblique. Its difference from these two species has been discussed by King (1897) , Ridley (1922) , Corner (1940 , 1988 ), and Ding Hou (1958) . Our observations also found that this species has no glands on its sepals, has early falling small leaves, and has much larger large leaves that can distinguish it much easier from the plants belonging to the other two species. Moreover, this species is only distributed in the Malay Peninsula and the Riau Islands , and so far it has not been found in Borneo and Sumatra where the other two species occur. There are at least four duplicates of the type specimens ( Scortechini 1807 collected from Perak , Malaysia ) deposited at K , L , and P . We designate the one at P (00641654) as the lectotype . Additional specimens examined: — MALAYSIA . Johor : Gunong Panti F . R . Compt 64 East , 270 m , 01 March 1968 , P . F . Cockburn FRI 7743 ( K , L ); Johor-Kota Tinggi Road , 27 August 1950 , J . Sinclair 38931 ( L , US ). Perak : Gunong Bubu , 16 March 1971 , Y . G . Chan FRI 17563 ( L ); Gunong Bubu , Trong , 28 February 1970 , T . Suppiah FRI 11735 ( L ); near Nulu Kerling , April 1886 , King’s Collector 8821 ( K , L , US ); Without locality, 07 February 1937 , Ja’amat 43403 ( L ); September 1899 , H . N . Pidley 10328 ( K ); Without locality, no date, Scortechini s.n. ( K ); M . Tawa s.n. ( L ). Terengganu : Bukit Bauk FR , Compt 24, 90 m , 20 June 1967 , K . M . Kochummen FRI 2411 ( L ); Jambu Bongkok F . R ., 27 March 1969 , T . & P . 243 ( K , L ); Jungle path to Bukit Bongkok , via Kamong La. , ca. 460 m , 03 March 1976 , Mohd Shah & Samsuri MS 3804 ( MO ) .