Taiwanoshaira Lee & Beenen, a new genus and first record of moss-inhabiting Galerucinae sensu stricto (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Taiwan Author Lee, Chi-Feng Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 413, Taiwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-0557 chifeng@tari.gov.tw Author Beenen, Ron Martinus Nijhoffhove 51, NL- 3437 ZP Nieuwegein, The Netherlands text ZooKeys 2020 944 129 146 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099 1313-2970-944-129 F00B2CAF5D9548F59C580DD95AAC9B8B D3B78C8AAD25541380CB22698BDA841B Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. Figures 6D-F , 8 Types ( N = 54). Holotype ♂ (TARI): Taiwan. Nantou: Hsiaofengkou (小風口), 9.VIII.2012, leg. C.-F. Lee. Paratypes. 14♂♂, 21♀♀ (12♂♂, 19♀♀TARI; 2♂♂, 2♀♀: RBCN), same data as holotype; 7♂♂, 6♀♀ (TARI), same but with "leg. T.-H. Lee"; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 29.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♀ (NMNS), same locality, 23.VI.-24.VIII.2009, leg. W. T. Yang & K. W. Huang; 1♂, 3♀♀ (NMNS), same locality, 24.VIII.-24.IX.2009, leg. W. T. Yang & K. W. Huang; Ilan: 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), Taipingshan (太平山), 5.VIII.2015, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♀ (TARI), Yuanyanghu (鴛鴦湖), 19.VIII.2010, leg. S.-S. Li; Nantou: 1♀ (TARI), Meifeng (梅峰), 11.VI.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 29.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 9♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), 3.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; Taichung: 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (TARI), Tahsuehshan (大雪山), 2.VIII.2019, leg. B.-X. Guo. Description. Length 4.1-4.8 mm, width 2.5-2.9 mm. General color dark brown or blackish-brown (Fig. 6D-F ); each antennomere basally paler; margins of pronotum and elytra, including suture yellowish-brown; legs yellowish-brown but apices of femora and bases of tibiae dark brown. Antennae (Fig. 8A ) filiform in males, ratio of lengths of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7; ratios of lengths to widths from antennomeres I to XI 3.3: 2.2: 2.3: 2.2: 2.5: 2.7: 3.1: 2.8: 2.8: 2.7: 3.2; similar in females, ratio of lengths of antennomeres I to XI (Fig. 8B ) 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7; ratios of lengths to widths from antennomeres I to XI 3.2: 2.1: 2.0: 2.4: 2.5: 2.7: 2.6: 2.4: 2.4: 2.4: 2.7. Pronotum 1.63-1.68 times wider than long; lateral margins moderately rounded; disc with fine punctures bearing tiny setae. Procoxal cavities widely open. Elytra 1.17-1.26 times longer than wide; disc with sparse, confused, fine punctures; apices tapering in males, but widely rounded in females. Protarsomeres I not sexually dimorphic. Penis (Fig. 8C, D ) wide, about 5.6 times longer than wide; parallel sided and moderately curved in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded, base with shallow median notch; tectum broad from apical 1/6 to middle, apex truncate; ventral surface with large opening. Endophallic spiculae complex with median endophallic spiculae extremely slender, apically curved in lateral view; with one pair of small sclerites near base. Gonocoxae (Fig. 8M, N ) short; apex of each gonocoxa widely rounded, with eight to 11 long setae along apical margin, basally narrowed. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 8O, P ) short and well sclerotized, with several short setae along apical margin, spiculum short. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 8Q ) swollen; pump slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct short. Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca. Variation. Specimens from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) have paler bodies and shorter antenna than others. The endophallic spiculae complexes are variable among localities: subbases of endophallic spiculae are shorter and wider in specimens from Meifeng (梅峰) (Fig. 8E, F ); similar to those from Meifeng but with a median membranous area and straight apex in specimens from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) (Fig. 8G, H ); similar to those in Peitungyangshan, but with bifurcate apices in specimens from Tahsuehshan (大雪山) (Fig. 8I, J ); specimens from Taipingshan (太平山) (Fig. 8K, L ) possess more slender median endophallic spiculae than those from Hsiaofengkou and shorter more truncate apices. Females from Hsiaofengkou have gradually narrowed bases of the gonocoxae (Fig. 8M ) that differ from those with strongly narrowed bases in others (Fig. 8N ). Females from Taipingshan have narrower apices of abdominal ventrites VIII (Fig. 8P ) than others (Fig. 8O ). It raises the question whether such variations of endophallic spiculae complexes at different localities indicate interspecific differentiation since endophallic sclerites are usually very consistent within a species. The problem needs further study by collecting more material from additional localities and combined with molecular study. Diagnosis. Adults of T. tsoui sp. nov. are similar to those of T. chujoi (Kimoto) comb. nov. in sharing the following characters: elytra smooth and lacking longitudinal ridges (Figs 3A, C, D, F ; 6D, F ) (presence of the longitudinal ridges on elytra (Fig. 6A, C ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), widely open procoxal cavities (Fig. 2B ) (almost closed procoxal cavities (Fig. 2A ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), yellowish-brown legs with dark apices of femora and bases of tibiae (Figs 3 , 6D-F ) (entirely black legs (Fig. 6A-C ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), uniform protarsi I in both sexes (sexually dimorphic protarsi I in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.), tapering elytra apices only in males (Figs 3 , 6D-F ) (tapering elytral apices of both sexes (Fig. 6A-C ) in T. taipingshanensis sp. nov.). Adults of T. tsoui sp. nov. differ from those of T. chujoi comb. nov. by possessing yellowish-brown sutures and margins with black or blackish-brown elytra having punctures more sparse (Fig. 6D, F ), in contrast to black or blackish elytra (Fig. 3A, C ) with denser punctures in T. chujoi comb. nov. In addition, most genitalic characters of this species are diagnostic, including moderately curved penis (Fig. 8C, D ) (slightly curved (Fig. 4C, D ) in T. chujoi comb. nov.), narrower base of gonocoxae (Fig. 8M, N ) (wider base of gonocoxae (Fig. 4E, F ) in T. chujoi comb. nov.), and shorter spermathecal pump (Fig. 8Q ) (much longer pump (Fig. 4H ) in T. chujoi comb. nov.). Food plants. Probably some species of moss, currently unknown (Fig. 1E, F ). Etymology. This new species is dedicated to Mei-Hua Tsou, a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species. Distribution. Northern and central Taiwan (Fig. 5 ). It is sympatric with T. taipingshanensis sp. nov. at Yuanyanahu (鴛鴦湖) and Taipingshan (太平山), and with T. chujoi comb. nov. at Meifeng (梅峰).