New species of Australian microgastrine parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) documented through the ‘ Bush Blitz’ surveys of national reserves Author Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P. Author Cooper, Steven J. B. Author Austin, Andrew D. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-02-26 4560 3 401 440 journal article 27415 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.3.1 08d6b159-99f8-4a24-b8c0-c7f5f6a33b54 1175-5326 2627733 CAFAD1A2-9A50-4B24-A8A9-4C4F0D9FFCE1 Sathon oreo Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov. ( Fig. 16 ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C1A04487-C16E-4C93-912B-8E8CFF6713FA Material examined (including Genbank numbers of DNA barcodes). Holotype : South Australia : ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland (SAMA: 32-036135; Genbank COI : MH138935 ). Paratypes : Australian Capital Territory : ♀ Black Mountain CSIRO land, Malaise trap , 9–14/xi/1991 , Austin & Dangerfield ( WINC ) . ♀ Canberra , Black Mtn , Behind CSIRO , 35°16'S 149°06'E , 23/ix/2002 – 31/x/2002 , C. Lambkin ( ANIC : 32 130223 ; Genbank COI : MH 138874 ) . ♀ Canberra , Black Mtn , Behind CSIRO , 35°16'S 149°06'E , 23/ix/2002 – 31/x/2002 , C. Lambkin ( ANIC : 32 130224 ; Genbank COI : MH 138875 ) . ♀ Canberra , Black Mtn , Behind CSIRO , 35°16'S 149°06'E , 23/ix/2002 – 31/x/2002 , C. Lambkin ( ANIC : 32 130225 ; Genbank COI : MH 138877 in ethanol) . South Australia : ♀ Ferries Macdonald Cons . Pk., 1–14/i/1996 , Malaise trap. J. Jennings (WINC). ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 12/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA : 32-036137; Genbank COI : MH 138932 ) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA : 32-036136; Genbank COI : MH 138944 ; in ethanol) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA : 32- 036138; Genbank COI : MH 138937 ) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in native plot within bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA : 32-036141; Genbank COI : MH 138843 ) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in native plot within bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA : 32-036142; Genbank COI : MH 138842 ) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in native plot within bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA : 32-036143; Genbank COI : MH 138915 ; in ethanol) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula , 25/x/2000 , C. Stephens , Malaise trap in native plot within bridal creeper invaded eucalypt woodland ( SAMA 32-036144 ; Genbank COI : MH 138914 in ethanol) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula, 35°27'13"S 138°36'22"E , 20/x/ 2016 – 05/xi/2016 , E. Fagan-Jeffries , Malaise trap ( SAMA : 32-036139; Genbank COI : MH 138799 ) . ♀ Mt Billy Con. Pk. Fleurieu Peninsula, 35°27'13"S 138°36'22"E , 05/xi/2016 – 20/xi/2016 , E. Fagan-Jeffries , Malaise trap ( SAMA : 32-036140; Genbank COI : MH 138798 ; in ethanol). Victoria : ♀ Otway Ranges , Melba Gully , 4/ii/90 , R. Wharton . ♀ Fleurieu Peninsula , Deep Creek Cons. Pk. , 7–21/ii/90 , Malaise trap , J. Bracken & R. Wharton ( WINC ) . ♀ Grampians Bioscan site 406, 37°03'41"S 142°22'50"E , 19/xi/2012 , J. Grubb , M. Mackenzie , P. Lillywhite , K. Pawley , Malaise trap , Cooinda Burrong Scout Camp , basecamp and surrounds ( MV : HYM-61362; Genbank COI : MH 138852 ; in ethanol) . ♀ Grampians Bioscan site 407, Mount Difficult Road , between two intersections with Longpoint Track , 37°02’02”S , 142°28’02”E , 19–23/xi/2012 , M. Mackenzie , P. Lillywhite , J. Grubb , K. Pawley , Malaise trap GRB407 ( MV : HYM-61361; Genbank COI : MH 138845 WG : MH 139294 ) . ♀ Grampians Bioscan site 426, Strachans Camp Ground near intersection Sawmill Track , Glenelg River Road, and Jensens Road , 37°22’32”S , 142°16’57”E , 24/xi/2012 , P. Lillywhite & B. Patullo Malaise trap GRB426 ( MV : HYM-61363; Genbank COI : MH 138844 ) . Diagnosis. The conspicuous white stripe on the antenna of the female easily separates this species from the other species of Sathon described from Australasia. Description. FEMALE. Colour: dark except for non-sclerotised areas around T–3 and sternites which are often a striking white; antenna dark other than flagellomeres 6–7 which are white; coxae (pro-, meso-, metacoxa) pale, pale, dark; femora (pro-, meso-, metafemur) dark with paler area posteriorly, dark, dark; tibiae (pro-, meso-, metatibia) dark, dark, dark; tegula and humeral complex light brown; pterostigma dark; fore wing veins dark. Head : antenna slightly longer than body length; body length (head to apex of metasoma) 2.4–2.9 mm ; ocularocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter 2.3–2.5; interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter 1–1.4. Mesosoma : anteromesoscutum evenly and densely punctate; mesoscutellar disc with numerous shallow punctures associated with setae; number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus 8–14; maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum 0.2–0.3. Wings : fore wing length 2.5–3.0 mm; length of veins r/2RS 0.5– 0.7; length of veins 2RS/2M 1.0; length of veins 2M/(RS+M)b 0.9–1.2; pterostigma length/width 2.5–2.8, areolet large, enclosed, vein r-m unpigmented. Legs : metatibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length 0.3–0.4. Propodeum: reticulate rugose, with very short medial longitudinal carina at anterior end, often diverging carinae from this medial carina that appear to form the anterior half of an areola, and diverging carinae from posterior centre also give the impression of an areola, but these carinae often indistinguishable from other sculpturing, often smooth sections at anterior corners. Metasoma : T1 length/width at posterior margin 2.7–3.3; T1 clearly narrowing posteriorly, mostly smooth but often with faint longitudinal branching carinae; T2 width at posterior margin/length 2–2.6, T2 with no clear sculpturing, but not completely smooth; T3 sculpture smooth and shiny; hypopygium with completely membranous area mid-ventrally; ovipositor sheaths length/metatibial length 0.5–0.6. MALE. Known only from photograph on BOLD, antennal segments all dark. Etymology. This species is named for the brown antenna with a thick white stripe caused by the white flagellomeres 6–7 resembling the brown-white-brown colouration pattern of the Oreo cream-centred chocolate biscuits. The species name is a noun in apposition. Distribution. This species appears to occur in large numbers in specific areas of the country, including in South Australia , Victoria , and at Black Mountain, Canberra. There is also an associated BOLD sequence (see below) that extends the distribution to Tasmania ( Fig. 15 ). FIGURE 16. Sathon oreo A–C: holotype; D: paratype. A. dorsal habitus; B. anterior head. C. metanotum, propodeum and T1– 3; D. lateral habitus. TABLE 1. Summary of distinguishing characters for Australasian species of Dolichogenidea . * = type locality.

Distribution Whitegenablotch Propodealareola Propodeal sculpturing				T 1 length/ widthat posteriormargin T 1 sculpture T 1 shape T 2 sculpture				Ovipositorsheath length /metatibia length	Comments
Australian spp.
biroi	Australia (NSW) present	parallel-		Type not seen, description
(Szepligeti	sided	used, “ovipositor as long as
1905)	abdomen”
bonbonensis	Australia (SA, absent	clearly defined,	mostly smooth, some 1.1–		rugose with	almost	almost smooth,	0.7–0.9
sp. nov.	WA)	lateral carinae	reticulate rugose	1.2	irregularly	parallel-	sparse punctures
present	sculpturing antero-		shaped punctures	sided
medially
brabyi sp.	Australia (ACT) absent	clearly defined in	anterior half with	1.2	reticulate rugose	slightly	shallow sculpture, 0.4
nov.	posterior half,	shallow punctate	with occasional	broadening	line of pits and
partially defined in	sculpturing which is		irregularly	posteriorly	ridges at border
anterior half, lateral more pronounced		shaped punctures	with T3
carinae present	antero-medially,
posterior half and
centre of areola
mostly smooth
eucalypti	Australia (SA) absent	clearly defined,	anterior half mostly 1.1		mostly punctate,	slightly	mostly smooth,	0.2
Austin &	lateral carinae	smooth, posterior	striate-punctate	broadening	faint scattered
Allen 1989	present	half with faint	along lateral	posteriorly	punctures
rugose-punctate	margins
sculpturing
finchi Fagan- Australia (NSW, absent		only indicated by	rugose sculpturing in 1.2–		mostly smooth	almost	smooth and shiny, 2.9–3.9
Jeffries &	Qld, WA, Vic)	smoother area	posterior half	1.8	with sparse	parallel-	few shallow
Austin 2018	medially and short	punctures	sided	punctures
carinae diverging	associated with	associated with
from postero-	short setae on	setae
medial margin,	lateral sides of
lateral carinae	posterior half
absent

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Distribution	Whitegenablotch Propodealareola Propodeal sculpturing T 1 length / widthat posteriormargin T 1 sculpture T 1 shape T 2 sculpture							Ovipositorsheath length / metatibia length	Comments
forrestae sp. Australia (SA) absent			only indicated by	generally smooth, 1.2		punctate broad,		almost smooth	0.6
nov.	slight depression	scattered shallow		almost
and area of	punctures	parallel-
rugosity postero-	sided
medially and
multiple short
diverging carinae
posteriorly, lateral
carinae absent
garytaylori Australia (SA, absent			clearly defined in	irregular reticulate 1.3		irregularly	broad,	almost smooth,	0.2–0.4
sp. nov.	WA)	posterior half,	rugose and punctate		reticulate rugose	almost	some shallow
anterior half with	sculpturing antero-		and punctate	parallel-	sculpturing in
less well-defined	medially and within		sided	anterior half and
carinae, lateral	areola, otherwise		scattered shallow
carinae present	smooth	punctures
hyposidrae Australia (Qld), absent			clearly defined,	mostly smooth, some 1.5		longitudinally	slightly	almost smooth	0.1
(Wilkinson New Guinea,		lateral carinae	rugose sculpturing		strigose in	broadening
1928)	New Britain (also		present	antero-medially	posterior half	posteriorly
Java*, India,
Burma, Malay
peninsula)
kelleri sp.	Australia (SA) absent		clearly defined in	mostly smooth	1.2-	rugose with	broad,	almost smooth,	1
nov.	posterior half,	1.3	irregularly	almost	sparse punctures
anterior half less	shaped punctures	parallel-
well-defined with	sided
carinae, or areola
and lateral carinae
formed by small
diverging carinae
lobesiae sp. Australia (Qld) absent			clearly defined,	mostly smooth with 1-1.2		irregularly	broad,	rugose with	1.2–1.4
nov.	lateral carinae	some reticulate	reticulate rugose	slightly	crenulate margin at
present	rugose sculpturing in		broadening	border with T3
anterior half	posteriorly

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Distribution Whitegenablotch Propodealareola Propodeal sculpturing					T 1 length / widthat posteriormargin T 1 sculpture T 1 shape			T 2 sculpture	Ovipositorsheath length /metatibia length	Comments
lipsis (Nixon	Australia (WA)	present	not well-defined,	mostly smooth,	mostly smooth,	almost	mostly smooth	1.5
1967)	lateral carinae	punctate sculpturing		some punctures	parallel-
absent	sided
mediocaudata Australia (NSW) absent			only indicated by	deep non-uniform	1.6	rugose	broad,	smooth	1.8
Fagan-	central depression,	punctures, posterior		sculpturing	almost
Jeffries &	lateral carinae	half with rugose	parallel-
Austin 2018	absent	sculpturing	sided
miris (Nixon	Australia (ACT)	absent	clearly defined,	some rugose	longitudinally	almost	faintly sculptured 1.5		propodeum partly hidden by
1967)	lateral carinae	sculpturing in	strigose in	parallel-	wings
present	posterior half,	posterior half,	sided
anteriorly	some general
rugosity medially
tasmanica	Australia (Tas*,	present	Indicated by strong Strongly rugose in 1.6			ruogse,	parallel- mostly smooth,		1.6 but Some characters described
(Cameron	Vic, ACT, Qld),	depression in	posterior half,	reticulate rugose	sided	shallow punctures damaged from non-type specimens
1912)	New Zealand	centre	punctate in anterior
half.
xenomorph	Australia (NSW, absent		only indicated by	sparse punctures	1.1-	mostly smooth	broad,	smooth	3.7–4.2
Fagan-	WA)	smoother area in	associated with setae 1.4		with sparse	almost
Jeffries &	centre of	punctures	parallel-
Austin 2018	propodeum and	associated with	sided
short carinae	short setae on
diverging from	lateral sides of
centre posterior	posterior half
margin, lateral
carinae absent
Non-Australian spp.
acratos	New Guinea	absent	complete, lateral	rugose	rugose with	parallel-	longitudinally	0.5	wings obscuring T1
(Nixon 1967)		carinae present	some	sided	strigose
longitudinal
elements

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Distribution	Whitegenablotch Propodealareola Propodeal sculpturing				T 1 length/ widthat posteriormargin T 1 sculpture T 1 shape			T 2 sculpture	Ovipositorsheath length /metatibia length	Comments
agonoxenae Samoa*, Tonga,			absent	complete, lateral	rugose	rugose “little wider rugose			type not seen, description used.
(Fullaway introduced into			carinae present	at apex than		“ovipositor sheaths longer than
1941)	Fiji, Hawaii	base”	basitarsus, almost as long as
femora”
carposinae New Zealand		absent	complete but	rugose-punctate,	1.3	rugose-punctate	parallel-	rugose-punctate 1.4
(Wilkinson		carinae small and	becoming smoother		sided
1938)	indistinct due to	posteriorly
surface sculpture
coequata Niue		absent	complete, lateral	moderately densely 1.6		with dense fine	margins	mostly smooth	2
(Nixon 1967)		carinae indistinct	rugose-punctate	granulate	slightly
due to surface	sculpture	convex
sculpturing	becoming
longitudinally
strigose laterally
cyamon	Vanuatu	absent	at least partly	rugulose	margins	mostly smooth	1.9	4 specimens on one card;
(Nixon 1967)		rugulose	slightly	with faint striae	holotype ovipositor hidden so
convex	measured on paratype, wings
obscuring propodeum and T1

expulsa Fiji*, Samoa absent complete, lateral mostly smooth 1 densely rugulose margins densely rugulose 0.5 (Turner 1918) (also Marquesas carinae present evenly Is., Ceylon). diverging so much broader posteriorly gentilis New Guinea*, absent complete, lateral coarsely carinate- 1 rugulose with slightly strigose 0.9 (Nixon 1967) New Britain, carinae difficult to rugulose some convex, Solomon Is discern due to longitudinal margins (Banika Is) surface sculpturing elements with prominent flange-like carina ……continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued)

Distribution		Whitegenablotch Propodealareola Propodeal sculpturing			T 1 length/ widthat posteriormargin T 1 sculpture T 1 shape T 2 sculpture				Ovipositorsheath length /metatibia length	Comments
heterusiae	Fiji (also	absent	complete, lateral	mostly rugulose,	rugulose -	broadening	strigose	1	Austin and Dangerfield (1992)
(Wilkinson	Ceylon*, India,		carinae present	smoother inside	punctate	posteriorly,	state that "Fullaway (1957) is
1928)	Taiwan and	areola	margins	the only record of this species
China)	with	occurring in Fiji. However, we
prominent	have been unable to find any
flange like	such material in world
carina	collections, so that this locality
record may be based on a
misidentification and the
species may not occur in the
Australasian region."
hyblaeae	Samoa, Opolu absent		Complete, lateral	rugulose	metasoma missing from
(Wilkinson	Is.*, Fiji (also	carinae difficult to	holotype “ovipositor sheaths
1928)	Java, Malay	discern due to	about as long as the hind
peninsula).	surface sculpturing		tarsus”
ilione (Nixon	Fiji	present complete, partially		coarsely rugulose	1.1	rugose -punctate	T1	rugose strigate	1.5
1967)	indistinct due to	broadening	laterally, smoother
surface sculpture	posteriorly	medially
inquisitor	Fiji (also	absent	complete, lateral	mostly smooth	1.3	punctate,	virtually	smooth in medial 1.2
(Wilkinson	peninsula	carinae present	becoming	parallel-	2/3, partly rugose
1928)	Malaysia* and		strigate in	sided	laterally
China)	posterior 1/3
iulis (Nixon	New Guinea	absent	complete, lateral	sparsely punctate in 1.4		punctate,	1.4
1967)	carinae present	anterior part,	becoming
becoming smoother		strigate in
posteriorly, smooth		posterior 1/3
inside areola
labaris	Fiji	absent	complete, lateral	punctate virtually		rugose punctate, 2.6		areola and T1 partly hidden by
(Nixon 1967)	carinae present	parallel-	smooth medially		wings
sided

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Distribution	Whitegenablotch Propodealareola Propodeal sculpturing			T 1 length / widthat posteriormargin T 1 sculpture T 1 shape T 2 sculpture				Ovipositorsheath length / metatibia length	Comments
orelia (Nixon Fiji		absent	complete, lateral	surface coarsely	0.7	rugulose	strongly	rugulose, more	0.4
1967)	carinae present	rugose	broadened	strigate laterally
posteriorly
platyedrae Fiji		absent	Punctate but	parallel-	moderately	1.8	propodeum and T1 obscured
(Wilkinson		smoother in	sided	smooth, faint	by wings
1928)	posterior 1/3?	sculpturing
stantoni	New Britain, Fiji, absent		complete, lateral	smooth	1.5	irregularly	parallel-	mostly smooth,	1.3
(Ashmead Philippines*,		carinae present	reticulate rugose	sided	very faint striate
1904)	India *synonym,		in anterior half,	sculpturing
China, peninsula		becoming
Malaysia	longitudinally
strigose in
posterior half
upoluensis Samoa		absent	"indistinctly	rugose	smooth	Holotype male not seen
(Fullaway		formed areola and
1941)	costulae, of which
the carinae are very
weak"

Remarks. In this species we also tentatively place the following seven specimens, which have been sequenced for the COI barcoding region by the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, are stored in the Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, and are publicly available on the BOLD. The COI barcoding region is less than 1.2% divergent between these specimens and the others detailed above, and available images of these specimens agree in general morphology and possess the distinctive white band on the antenna. BOLD process identifiers: ASQAS157-11 ( Australia ), MCCAA2641-12 (ACT), HYAT465-11 (Tas), MCCAA1444-12 (ACT), ASQAS156-11 ( Australia ), CNBAN190-13 (ACT), MCCAA1052-12 (ACT). The BOLD BIN for this species is BOLD:AAV2186. White or yellowish bands on the antenna of females are not extremely common in Microgastrinae, but have been reported for numerous species in the genera Apanteles (e.g. A. taeniaticornis Wilkinson (1928)) , Diolcogaster (e.g. D. duocolor Gupta and Fernández-Triana (2015)) , Exulonyx (e.g. E. camma (Nixon, 1965)) , Glyptapanteles sensu lato (Fernández-Triana pers. comm.), Prasmodon (e.g. P. bobpoolei Fernández-Triana and Whitfield (2014d)) Promicrogaster (e.g. P. leilycastilloae Fernández-Triana and Boudreault (2016)) , Pseudoapanteles (e.g. P. alfiopivai Fernández-Triana and Whitfield (2014b)) , and Rhygolplitis (Fernández-Triana, pers. comm.). The only described species from Australia with white antennal bands is Diolcogaster robertsi Saeed et al. (1999) with flagellomeres 5–8 white. White bands also occur in many species of Ichneumonidae , and in a few other groups of braconids (Quicke 2015). The function of these white bands is not known, although suggestions include possible involvement in providing visual feedback of antennal separation (Quicke 2015).