A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 3. On new and poorly known Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804
Author
Marusik, Yuri M.
Author
Omelko, Mikhail M.
text
Zootaxa
2014
3894
1
journal volume
10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.4
1bff28d0-db79-4a0f-8cfa-fc6cd82ce2ae
1175-5326
251800
70B9B045-9C14-47B1-B0C7-8DDA09AFE02B
Gnaphosa similis
Kulczyński, 1926
Figs 57–62
,
67–69
,
76–78
,
95–96
, Map 2.
Gnaphosa similis
Kulczyński, 1926
: 42
, pl. 2, figs 6 (♀);
Marusik & Koponen 2000
: 59
, figs 9, 12–13 (♂♀);
Marusik & Kovblyuk 2011
: 40
, figs 2.6, 17.21 (♂).
Gnaphosa muscorum
:
Wesołowska, 1988
: 411
, figs 24–28 (illustrated
syntype
♂ of
Pterotricha adspersa
Grube, 1861
);
Ovtsharenko et al. 1992
: 42
, figs 149–150 (♂♀; figs 149–150 refer to
G. s
.);
Ovtsharenko & Marusik 1996
: 116
, pl. 3, 9, 17 (misidentified, ♂♀);
Namkung 2002
: 477
, figs 37.18a–b (misidentified, ♂♀);
Namkung 2003
: 480
, figs 37.18a–b (misidentified, ♂♀).
Material examined
.
RUSSIA
:
Buryatia
:
1♂
, 1♀ (
ISEA
), Kyakhta Distr., Chikoi River valley (ca
5 km
SSE of Ust’-Kiran), Khilgantui boundary (50°221N
106°51’E
), dry meadows and
Salix
stands, ca.
920 m
, summer 1991 (D.V. Logunov);
1♂
(
ZMUT
), Djirga,
11.07.1996
(S. Koponen).
Yakutia
:
5♂
, 5♀ (
IBPN
), Kolyma River mouth from 68°40’ to
69°15’N
,
June–July 1999
(A. Alfimov).
Magadan
Area: 4♀ (
IBPN
), env. of Magadan, Klyopka Vil.,
59°45’N
,
151°30’E
,
August 1994
(N.N. Shumadbayeva);
95♂
, 70♀ (
IBPN
), Kolyma River upper reaches, “Aborigen” Field Station, ca.
61°58’N
149°40’E
,
1985–1986
(Y.M. Marusik).
Chukotka
:
12♂
, 7♀ (
ZMMU
), Pevek,
69°41’N
170°24’E
, Summer 2011 (O. Khrulyova).
Amur
Area: 1♀ (
ZMMU
), Selemdzhinskiy District, Norskiy Reserve, Nora River below Maltsevskiy cordon, leaf litter under
Salix
spp. and
Alnus
sp. on narrow, partly submerged, split between the river and the lake,
10.06.2005
(E.M. Veselova, A.B. Ryvkin).
Maritime
Prov.:
5♂
(
IBPN
), Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, Blagodatnoe kordon,
44°55’45”N
136°32’36”E
, 7–
12.07.1999
(Yu. Sundukov).
Notes
.
Grube (1861)
described
Drassus adspersus
on the basis of
syntypes
from Yakutia and Cisamuria.
Wesołowska (1988)
redescribed a
syntype
male and considered it as a senior synonym of
G. m u s c o r u m
. Because of the lack of usage, the senior name was suppressed. To us, the
syntype
male of
Drassus adspersus
actually belongs to
G. similis
.
Ovtsharenko et al. (1992)
found that
syntype
females belonged to two different species,
G. similis
and
G. kompirensis
. A specimen conspecific with
G. kompirensis
was chosen as a
lectotype
, and the species name
adspersus
was suppressed again “for lack of usage”.
Gnaphosa similis
was described on the basis of a single female from Kamchatka Peninsula.
Kulczyński (1926)
compared details
G. similis
and
G. muscorum
to support the validity of his species. Two names,
G. muscorum
and
G. similis
, were synonymised by
Ovtsharenko et al. (1992)
after examination of the
holotype
of
G. similis
.
Comments
. While studying of Siberian
Gnaphosa
, the senior author recognised small differences in the position and shape of the spur (
Sp
) located on the base of the embolus. The spur had two different modifications (cf.
Figs 58 & 64
). Study of many specimens (over
200 males
) of
Gnaphosa
thought to be
G
.
muscorum
from various parts of the Magadan Area, Chukotka and Maritime Province reveals no variation in shape and position of the spur. Examination of all available specimens from
Finland
, Middle Siberia, Tuva, Western
Mongolia
and Yukon Territory also revealed lack of variation, but a different
type
of spur. Only in Eastern Buryatia were males found with both
types
of spurs. However, males having different spurs have been found exclusively in different habitats, and never together (
Logunov & Marusik 2004
). Differences in comparative figures and brief arguments were provided by
Marusik & Koponen (2000)
. Arguments and figures provided by
Marusik & Koponen (2000)
were not accepted by
Platnick (2014)
. Therefore we provide more data in support of the independence of the two species. We regard
Gnaphosa lesserti
Schenkel, 1963
, which was described from a female from Inner
Mongolia
and synonymised with
G. m u s c o r u m
, as a synonym of
G. similis
.
Diagnosis
. Besides distinct differences in spur location, shape and direction (cf.
Figs 57–58, 63–64
,
67–72
), females differ in the width of the scape and its pocket (wider in
G. muscorum
), the scape is always concave in
G. muscorum
displaying pocket as in
Figs 65
,
73, 74
(seldom concave and pocket never visible in
G. similis
). The pocket of the scape in
G. similis
is subdivided in the upper part (
Ps
), while in
G. muscorum
it is solid. Females differ also in the shape of that receptacles, which are spread more horizontally in
G. similis
than in
G. m u s c o r u m
and in the position of the glands of the receptacles: reaching scape in
G. muscorum
and lower than scape in
G. similis
(
cf.
Figs 59–62 and 65 66
, or 75 and 78). Endogynes differ in relative length of glands and copulatory ducts (cf.
Figs 60, 62 and 66
), ducts are longer in
G. similis
and glands are longer in
G. muscorum
. Two sibling species vary in size, but despite an overlap,
G. similis
generally has longer carapace (
Figs 95, 96
).
Distribution
. The species is restricted to Far East Palaearctic and occurs in Transbaikalia, Yakutia, and from Chukotka to
Korea
(Map 2).