Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species Author Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco text Neotropical Ichthyology 2008 2008-12-31 6 2 113 158 http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252008000200001&lng=en&tlng=en journal article 10.1590/S1679-62252008000200001 1982-0224 10558366 Phalloceros enneaktinos , new species Figs. 23 , 24 Phalloceros sp. n. S Lucinda & Reis (2005) . Holotype . MNRJ 23609, córrego da Toca do Boi, near Condomínio Laranjeiras, approximately 23 o 13’S 44 o 42’W , Parati, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , 3 Mar 1989 , P.A. Buckup . Paratypes . BRAZIL . Rio de Janeiro . MCP 30510, 6/4* ; and MNRJ 14847, 14, collected with the holotype . MCP 31139, 40, Parati , córrego da Toca do Boi, 50 m from Condomínio Laranjeiras, 6 km from BR101, 23 º 19’45"S 44 º 40’55"W , 17 Oct 2002 , V.A. Bertaco et al . Diagnosis . Phalloceros enneaktinos can be distinguished from its congeners by the possession of nine dorsal-fin rays [64-1] ( vs . eight, very rarely nine in P . mikrommatos , P . caudimaculatus , P . elachistos , P . titthos , P . harpagos , P . spiloura , and P . reisi ). Description . Morphometric data in Tables 9 and 10 . Range of SL: 23.5 to 35.8 mm (females), 19.4 to 24.2 mm (males). Dorsal-fin rays: 9* [16]. Branched pectoral-fin rays: 6 [2], 7* [8]. Pelvic-fin rays: 5* [8] (males), 5 [8] (females). Anal-fin rays of females: 11 [8]. Anal-fin rays of males: 9* [8]. Branched caudal-fin rays: 12 [3], 13 [6], 14 [1], 15* [2]. Predorsal scales: 13 [1], 14* [14]. Longitudinal series of scales: 28 [4], 29* [10], 30 [1]. Series of scales around caudal peduncle: 16* [16]. Transverse series of scales: 7* [16]. Serrae on R4p: 8 [1], 9 [2], 10* [3], 12 [1]. Epipleural ribs: 12 [1], 13 [1], 14 [2]. Pleural ribs: 13 [1], 14 [3]. Vertebrae: 31 [1], 32 [3]. Female urogenital papilla straight, located along midventral line and between anus and base of first anal-fin ray. Gonopodial appendix hook present ( Fig. 24 ). Color in alcohol . Eye black with greenish brown pupil. Ground color pale brown, darker in upper half. Border of scales and subjacent skin replete with brown chromatophores, more concentrated at short distance from scale border, conferring reticulate pattern to body sides, mainly on upper half. Brown chromatophores scattered through whole body, more concentrated on dorsal portion, mainly on head, snout, opercle, and ventral surface of mandible. Lateral dark brown spot absent or inconspicuous. Lateral spot, when present, small and covering approximately one scale on horizontal and vertical directions. Dorsal-fin membrane hyaline. Dark band of chromatophores on distal border of dorsal fin. Dark band of chromatophores near dorsal-fin base. Pectoral, pelvic, and caudal fins hyaline. Dark brown line along R3. Table 11. Descriptive morphometrics of female specimens of Phalloceros ocellatus , P . pellos , P . spiloura , and P . titthos . Measurements 1-10 are percents of standard length and measurements 11-13 are percents of head length. H = holotype.

Phalloceros ocellatus		Phalloceros pellos		Phalloceros spiloura		Phalloceros titthos
Character	n = 22	n = 9	n = 28	n = 23
Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean	H	Range	Mean
Standard length (mm)	17.7-25.2	21.7	23.3 -33.2	26.4	19.4 -33.6	26.6	35.9	21.0-45.2	38.8
1-Head length	21.3 -25.4	23.0	21.7 -23.4	22.6	18.5 -25.1	21.5	21.9	18.6-23.4	20.4
2-Snout-occipital distance	18.1 -24.1	20.6	18.6 -20.7	19.8	16.5 -21.2	18.7	21.1	19.7-23.5	21.7
3-Predorsal distance	60.3 -65.2	62.4	60.2 -63.7	61.8	62.0 -67.1	64.2	60.3	59.4-64.1	62.0
4-Dorsal-fin base length	6.7 -12.6	9.8	7.6 -10.8	10.0	7.5 -11.8	9.9	14.5	9.4-14.7	11.3
5-Anal-fin base length	7.7 -11.7	9.5	7.4 -10.7	8.7	8.1 -11.8	9.6	7.8	7.8-12.4	10.5
6-Body depth	23.4 -29.4	25.9	23.0 -26.8	24.7	20.8 -27.7	24.9	28.0	24.6-31.5	27.9
7-Pre-pelvic length	42.8 -47.2	44.7	43.7 -48.3	45.3	41.3 -47.3	43.9	46.3	41.1-46.9	44.2
8-Preanal length	57.2 -60.4	58.9	56.0 -60.8	57.6	55.5 -60.1	57.4	62.1	54.3-62.1	59.3
9-Postanal length	34.3 -38.5	35.9	35.3 -38.7	37.1	31.9 -39.2	36.1	36.5	32.8-41.9	35.6
10-Caudal peduncle depth	14.6 -16.8	15.9	14.1 -16.8	14.8	13.8 -17.7	15.7	15.3	13.9-16.6	15.2
11-Snout length	20.9 -32.0	25.5	19.9 -30.0	24.7	17.3 -27.5	22.8	20.2	17.3-26.7	21.5
12-Orbital diameter	39.5 -54.9	43.8	38.9 -48.7	41.4	33.3 -42.7	38.2	37.2	33.7-40.9	38.0
13-Postorbital length	24.8 -39.3	34.3	35.1 -43.2	40.2	37.8 -53.2	43.6	45.2	42.4-50.8	47.1

Fig. 24. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros enneaktinos , MCP 30510. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. Scale bar 1 mm. Etymology . From the Greek εννεας [= enneás] (num.i.f.), meaning nine, and ακτινος [= aktinos] (n. f. nom. pl.), meaning rays. A noun in apposition alluding to the number of dorsal-fin rays. Distribution . Phalloceros enneaktinos is only known from the type locality in the Córrego da Toca do Boi, Rio de Janeiro ( Fig. 4 ).