Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Florida: new species, new records and biogeographical affinities Author Lopes, Matheus V. Author Padua, André Author Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi Author Klautau, Michelle text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-29 4526 2 127 150 journal article 27894 10.11646/zootaxa.4526.2.2 a5c73910-4b1c-48a1-bbb3-4819fa8e9430 1175-5326 2611472 46685FB0-57A6-456D-8AA3-88053396762B Clathrina lutea Azevedo et al ., 2017 ( Fig 2 ; Table 2 ) Synonyms. Clathrina primordialis— Lehnert & Van Soest 1998 : 99, Fig. 23. Leucetta sp. — Moraes et al . 2003 : 17. Clathrina sp. nov. 2 — Moraes et al . 2006 : 166. Clathrina sp. 1 — Rossi et al . 2011 : 1028. Clathrina sp. nov. 8 — Klautau et al . 2013 : 449. Clathrina lutea— Azevedo et al . 2017 : 318, Cóndor-Luján et al . 2018 : 21. Diagnosis. Clathrina with yellow cormus formed by tight and regularly anastomosed tubes, and with water collecting tubes with large oscula. Triactines have slightly conical actines with blunt tips ( Azevedo et al . 2017 ). Material examined. UFRJPOR 8358, UFRJPOR 8372, Looe Key, Florida , United States of America (24°32’51 N, 81°24’24 W), 10–15 m of depth, coll. A. Padua & M. C. Díaz, 12 August 2015 . Material used for comparison. UFRJPOR 5173 ( Holotype ), Pedra Lixa reef, Abrolhos Archipelago, 7 m of depth, coll. C. Zilberberg & L. Monteiro, 21 March 2005 . UFRJPOR 5172, UFRJPOR 5174 ( Paratypes ), same information as the holotype . MNRJ 2930 , Barreta Falsa , Rocas Atoll , 3 m of depth, coll. F. Moraes , 22 November 1999 . Colour. Bright yellow when alive and light beige after fixation ( Fig 2A ). Morphology. The cormus is massive and firm. It is composed of thin, regular and tightly anastomosed tubes, forming a reticulated surface, with multiple conspicuous oscula where water-collecting tubes arrive. The largest specimen (UFRJPOR 8358) was 2.5 x 2.3 x 0.5 cm and the smallest (UFRJPOR 8372) 1.0 x 1.6 x 0.9 cm . The aquiferous system is asconoid. No granular cells were observed. The skeleton is composed of only one category of regular triactines without organisation ( Fig 2B ). Spicules ( Fig 2 , Table 2 ). TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of specimens of Clathrina lutea from Florida.

Specimen	Length (µm)		Width (µm)
spicule	actine	min	mean	sd	max	min	mean	sd	max	n
UFRJPOR 8358	Triactine	Basal	83.7	93.4	6.6	105.3	6.8	8.2	0.6	9.5	20
UFRJPOR 8372	Triactine	Basal	82.5	93.5	5.8	103.8	7.5	8.1	0.6	8.8	30

Triactines ( Fig 2C ): Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are slightly conical with blunt tips. Size: 83.1 to 104.5/ 7.1 to 9.1 µm ( Table 2 ). FIGURE 2. Clathrina lutea (UFRJPOR 8372). A. Specimen in ethanol. B. Tangential section. C. Triactines. Ecology. Specimens described in the present work were found between 10 and 15 m of depth. They were both collected in a burrow, one specimen was on the ceiling. No associated organisms were observed among the analysed specimens. Distribution. Clathrina lutea has a wide distribution in the Western Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Florida down to the Northeastern Brazilian coast. It was previously reported to Florida ( Klautau et al. 2013 ), Virgin Islands ( Klautau et al. 2013 ), Curaçao ( Cóndor-Luján et al . 2018 ), Rocas Atoll, and Abrolhos Bank (archipelago and shallow reefs, Azevedo et al . 2017 ). Remarks. The colour, external morphology, and shape of the triactines observed in the specimens analysed in the present work match the original description of C. lutea ( Azevedo et al . 2017 ) . However, the specimens from Florida had larger spicules than those from Brazil and Curaçao ( Table 2 ) ( Azevedo et al . 2017 ; Cóndor-Luján et al . 2018 ). In the phylogenetic tree, the two specimens of C. lutea from Florida and other regions form a clade with a bootstrap support of 82% and presented a p-distance that ranged from 0.0 to 0.11% among them, corroborating our morphological analysis (see the Molecular results section).