Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau: a mycological hotspot Author Wijayawardene, Nalin N. Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China & Section of Genetics, Institute for Research and Development in Health and Social Care No: 393 / 3, Lily Avenue, Off Robert Gunawardane Mawatha, Battaramulla 10120, Sri Lanka Author Dissanayake, Lakmali S. The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China Author Li, Qi-Rui State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China & The Key Lab of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China Author Dai, Dong-Qi Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China Author Xiao, Yuanpin Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Author Wen, Ting-Chi The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China & State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China & The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China Author Karunarathna, Samantha C. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China & CIFOR-ICRAF, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China & Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, P. R. China Author Wu, Hai-Xia International Fungal Research and Development Centre, The Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, PR China Author Zhang, Huang Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, People’s Republic of China Author Tibpromma, Saowaluck Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China & CIFOR-ICRAF, World Agroforestry Centre, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P. R. China & Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, P. R. China Author Kang, Ji-Chuan The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China Author Wang, Yong Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China Author Shen, Xiang- Chun State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, P. R. China & The Key Lab of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China Author Tang, Li-Zhou Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, P. R. China Author Deng, Chun-Ying Guizhou institute of biology, Guizhou academy of science, Guiyang, 550009, P. R. China Author Liu, Yanxia Author Kang, Yingqian text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-10-15 523 1 1 31 journal article 3999 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.1.1 9d936674-3dce-4fd9-8f2b-7cd216b19b75 1179-3163 5571977 Myrmecridium schulzeri (Sacc.) Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous , Stud. Mycol. 58: 84 (2007) ( FIGURE. 9 ) Index Fungorum Number : IF504560 Saprobic on submerged decaying wood. Sexual morph undetermined. Asexual morph Colonies on natural substrata effuse, superficial, scattered, hairy, solitary or in small groups, black, with a mass of visible whitish to grayish conidia on middle to upper part of conidiophores. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight to slightly curve, unbranched, medium brown to brown at base part, pale towards top part, thin-walled, septate, 172–304 × 2–3 μm (= 212 × 2.6 μm, n = 15). Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, cylindrical, subhyaline to pale brown, forming a rachis with scattered pimpleshaped denticles which are less than 1 µm long and approx. 0.5 µm in diameter. Conidia solitary, fusoid or ellipsoidal to obovoidal, rounded at the apex, obtuse and tapering towards base, hyaline, aseptate, thin-walled, smooth, without guttule, some with a small protuberance, 5–6.5 × 2.3–3.6 μm (= 5.8 × 2.9 μm, n = 35). FIGURE. Myrmecridium schulzeri ( IFRD500–012 ) a, b. Colonies on natural substrate. c–e. Conidiophores with conidia. f, g. Conidiogenous cells with conidia. h–l. Conidia. m Germinating conidia on PDA. n, o. Culture on PDA, n. from front, o. from reverse. Scale bars: c–e, h = 20 μm, m = 10 μm, f, g = 5 μm, i–l = 2 μm. Culture characteristics:— Conidia germinating on PDA within 24h. Colonies grow on PDA attaining 38–48 mm diameter in 40d at 20–25°C in the condition of 12h-dark and 12h-light, with smooth, floccose, pale brown mycelium on the surface, reverse white, with filamentous, undulate margin. Material examined: China , Yunnan Province , small river of Puzhehei , on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 23 June 2018 , Hao Yang, P37 ( IFRD500–012 ), living culture = KUMCC 20–0190 ( new record from Yunnan , new habitat record ) . Known hosts and distribution: Soil ( Germany , Papua New Guinea , Zaire ), Homo sapiens ( Netherlands ) , Wheat straw ( South Africa ), Triticum aestivum ( Netherlands ) , Malus sylvestris ( Switzerland ) , Cannomois virgate ( South Africa ) GenBank Numbers : ITS MT559103 Notes :— Myrmecridium was introduced by Arzanlou et al. (2007) with M. schulzeri as type species, which was described as Chloridium schulzerii (Sacc.) Sacc. and Rhinocladiella schulzeri (Sacc.) Matsush. Our isolate fits the characters of Myrmecridium well in having macronematous, unbranched, septate conidiophores, polyblastic conidiogenous cells with denticles, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, fusoid or ellipsoidal to obovoidal conidia ( Arzanlou et al. 2007 , Jie et al. 2013 , Peintner et al. 2016 , Réblová et al. 2016 ). The sequence data in ITS gene region of our isolate are identical to that of M. schulzeri . Thus, we identified our isolate as M. schulzeri . Our isolate is a new geographic record in China and a new habitat record from freshwater.