No millipede endemics north of the Alps? DNA-Barcoding reveals Glomeris malmivaga Verhoeff, 1912 as a synonym of G. ornata Koch, 1847 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) Author Wesener, Thomas text Zootaxa 2015 3999 4 571 580 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.4.7 233437fd-9eff-4823-8912-e6c7d8f2cf9a 1175-5326 235334 48A3BD5D-B34C-4B06-841F-4B2DE5757996 Glomeris ornata Koch, 1847 Glomeris ornata Koch, 1847 : 97 (first description) Glomeris ornata — Koch 1863 : 126 , fig. 116 (redescription) Glomeris ornata — Latzel 1884 : 93 (key, description) Glomeris ornata —Preudhomme de Borre 1884 : 22 (list) Glomeris ornata — Verhoeff 1909 : 117 (key) Glomeris ornata — Attems 1949 : 121 (list) Glomeris ornata — Strasser 1965 : 141 (list) Glomeris ornata — Strasser 1971 : 11 (list) Glomeris ornata — Strasser & Minelli 1984 : 197 (list) Glomeris ornata — Ceuca 1992 : 441 (list) Glomeris ornata — Foddai et al. 1995 : 11 (list) Glomeris ornata — Hoess 2000 : 10 (key) Glomeris ornata — Kime & Enghoff 2011 : 30 (distribution). Glomeris malmivaga Verhoeff, 1912 : 415 new synonym Glomeris ornata var. malmivaga — Verhoeff, 1912 : 415 (first description) Glomeris ornata var. malmivaga — Verhoeff 1917a : 16 (biogeography) Glomeris ornata var. malmivaga — Verhoeff 1917b : 98 (list) Glomeris ornata malmivaga — Schubart 1934 : 29 (key, elevated to subspecies rank) Glomeris ornata malmivaga — Spelda 1991 (list) Glomeris ornata malmivaga — Spelda 1998 (list) Glomeris malmivaga — Spelda 1999 : 23 (list, elevated to species rank) Glomeris ornata — Hoess 2000 : 10 (key) Glomeris malmivaga — Spelda 2006 : 105 (list) Glomeris malmivaga — Kime & Enghoff 2011 : 29 (distribution) Glomeris malmivaga — Reip et al. 2012 : 64 (list, new records). Material examined: G. o r n a t a localities in Germany (see also Fig 2 ): 2?, ZFMK TIS- 205294-95 , Baden- Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, 1 km NE Schmiechen, 48.370° N , 9.704° E , 582 m , coll. 25.0 4.2015, P. Kautt; 2?, ZFMK TIS- 205292-95 , Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Bärental bei Hütten, 48.375° N , 9.637° E , 645 m , coll. 25.0 4.2015, P. Kautt; 5 M & F, ZFMK MYR 4365–4369 , Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, 800 m SSE Grabenstetten, Große Schrecke, 48.514° N , 9.469° E , 616 m , coll. 14.0 5.2015, P. Kautt; 2?, ZFMK TIS- 205296-97 , same data as previous; 2?, ZFMK TIS- 205298-99 , Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, 700 m SE Schlattstall, 48.519° N , 9.501° E , 595 m , coll. 14.0 5.2015, P. Kautt; German data from the literature ( Schubart 1934 , Spelda 2006 ): Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Lichtenstein ; Bavaria, Solnhofen, quarries; Bavaria, Pappenheim (all Schubart 1934 ); Baden-Württemberg, Gruibingen, 48°34'58.80"N , 9°39'0.00"E ; Obermarchtal, Lauterach, 48°15'0.00"N , 9°33'57.60"E (all Spelda 2006 ); Baden-Württemberg, NSG Rohrachtal, NO Wittingen, 48.597°N , 9.843°E ( Reip et al. 2012 ). G. o r n a t a from main area of distribution: 1 F, ZFMK MYR 866 , Slovenia , Gorica, Boves, Trenta, Camping - Platz, Oberrand Fluß Soča, 46.3746° N , 13,7405° E , 560 m , coll. H. Reip, 18.10.2011 ; 1 F, ZFMK MYR 4258 , same data as previous; 1 F, ZFMK MYR 4259 , same data as previous. FIGURE 2. A : Distribution map of G. ornata Koch, 1847 . Modified after Hoess 2000. Dotted line = country borders. Thick lines = rivers. A = Austria; CH = Switzerland; CR = Croatia; FRA = France; GER = Germany; HU = Hungary; IT = Italy. River names in Italics: Dan = Danube; Po = Po; Rho = Rhone. B : Colour pattern of German G. ornata specimens, after photographs and Schubart 1934. FIGURE 3. A : Habitat of German G. ornata Koch, 1847 . B : German G. ornata specimens in situ . Photographs by P. Kautt 2015. Diagnosis. Medium sized pill-millipede, 7–12 mm long. Male and female anal shield with sclerotized spot, a character shared only with G. h el v et i c a . Head with 7 or 8 ocelli, arranged in a 1+6 or 1+7 pattern. Thoracic shield with a single or two main striae, one, rarely two anterior striae and 2–5 posterior striae. Colour pattern variable, dark brown with light spots ( Fig. 3 ). Colour of spots mostly beige, a few yellow to orange. At least for analyzed German specimens, the thoracic shield with circular, yellow spot I, beige and large spot II, and a small, yellow spot III (see Schubart 1934 for an explanation of the description of color patterns in Glomeris ). Spot IV narrow, only yellow at thoracic shield, otherwise beige. Tergites usually with spots II, III and IV, only spot III yellow, others beige. Colour pattern for German specimens illustrated ( Fig. 2 B). Anal shield with two spots elongated longitudinally, only central parts yellow, spots not touching one another. Ecology. G. o r n a t a occurs in Germany in sympatry with G. klugii , G. hexasticha Brandt, 1833 , G. tetrasticha Brandt, 1833 and G. pustulata Latreille, 1803 (voucher specimens in the collections of the ZFMK). All known localities are in humid, deep V-shaped valleys ( German Kerbtäler) rich in Fraxinus , Fagus and Acer trees located on calcareous soils, which can be viewed as pill millipede paradises ( Fig. 3 ). Little can be said about the ecology of G. ornata in the Southeast Alps and Northwest Balkans, as relatively few recent specimen records exist. Apparently, the species is frequently found under bark ( Kime & Enghoff 2011 ). The only specimens available to us were collected close to a river in a mixed Carpinus and Picea forest on calcareous soil at 560 m elevation.