Five new species of Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) from Brazilian restinga (Atlantic Forest) Author Maia, Valéria Cid text Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 2024 2024-02-05 64 1 30 https://www.revistas.usp.br/paz/article/view/215879 journal article 10.11606/1807-0205/2024.64.008 1807-0205 10942912 C7DC7A88-F5D8-4356-9E9C-85994FFDE18F Asphondylia fluminensis Maia , sp. nov. ( Figs. 7 A-11B) Diagnosis: Male hypoproct rounded apically, slightly bilobed, ovipositor with needle part about 2.02-2.14 × length 7 th sternite; pupa: antennal horn 0.20-0.26 mm long, upper facial horn single and conical, three lower frontal horns aligned, 8 th abdominal segment with 7-8 dorsal spines in the posterior row,larva:spatula with lateral teeth longer than mesal ones, mesal teeth pointed apically, three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula. (3) male: the body is shorter in A. struthanthi than in A. braziliensis , the pedicel and 1 st flagellomere, and all segments of palpi are shorter in A. braziliensis than in A. struthanthi (Table 1). The female of A. struthanthi is unknown. Male: Body: 2.60-3.05 mm long (N = 3). Head ( Fig. 7A ): 0.55 mm long, 0.55 mm- 0.60 mm wide (N = 3), eye facets circular,closely appressed;antennae:flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused ( Fig.7B ), scape obovate, setose, 0.10-0.11 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide (N = 4), pedicel globose, setose, 0.04-0.06 mm long, 0.05-0.06 mm wide, 1 st- 9 th flagellomeres cylindrical,all 0.04-0.05 mm wide,circumfila longitudinally wavy, dense, anastomosing, equally spread along segments ( Fig. 7C ), 1 st flagellomere 0.21-0.22 mm long (N = 4), 2 nd flagellomere 0.17-0.19 mm long (N = 4), 3 rd- 7 th flagellomeres 0.17-0.18 mm long (N = 4), 8 th- 10 th flagellomeres 0.16 mm long (N = 2), 11 th flagellomere 0.15-0.16 mm long (N = 2), 12 th flagellomeres 0.15 mm long (N = 2) ( Fig.7D ),proportion flagellomere node/neck: 1:16; frons with 37-40 setae (male, N = 2); mouthparts: labrum long-attenuated, 0.07-0.08 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 2); hypopharynx of the same shape as labrum, 0.09-0.13 mm long, 0.03 mm wide (N = 3) with long,anteriorly-directed lateral setulae; labella elongate and convex, 0.04-0.05 mm long, 0.02-0,03 mm wide (N-3), with lateral and mesal setae; palpus 0.11-0.14 mm long: 1 st segment globoid, 0.02 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 3), 2 nd segment cylindrical, 0.03-0.04 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 3), 3 rd segment fusiform, 0.06-0.08 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 3), all segments with setae. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly and posteriorly, two groups of lateral setae more abundant anteriorly, extending from base to distal margin, scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron and anepistenum setose; remaining pleural sclerites bare; legs: tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic, empodium longer than claws ( Fig. 7E ); wing: length 2.20-2.30 mm (N = 3). Abdomen ( Fig. 8A ): trichoid sensilla not visible; 1 st- 7 th tergites sclerotized,rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few scattered lateral setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales, 1 st tergite shorter than other tergites, 1/35 × length of 2 nd tergite, 8 th tergite band-like, bare; 2 nd- 8 th sternites more sclerotized than tergites, rectangular, as long as tergites, with a posterior row of setae, several setae and midlength, few lateral setae, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales; 8 th sternite with scattered setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales. Terminalia ( Fig. 8B ): gonocoxite short and stout, 0.14 mm long, 0.07-0.09 mm wide (N = 2); gonostylus ovoid, 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 2); hypoproct slightly bilobed, rounded apically. Figure 7. Asphondylia fluminensis Maia , sp.nov. , male:(A) Head,ventral view,(B) 1 st- 2 nd flagellomeres,(C) 5 th flagellomere,(D) 7 th- 12 th flagellomeres,(E) Foreleg, tarsal claw and empodium,lateral view. Figure 8. Asphondylia fluminensis Maia , sp. nov. ,male: (A) 3 rd abdominal segment-terminalia,lateral view,(B)Terminalia,dorsal view. Female: Body length: 2.80-2.90mm (N=2). Head: 0.05mm long, 0.04 mm long (N = 2), antennae: scape 0.11 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (N = 1), pedicel 0.05-0.07 mm long, 0.06-0.07 mm wide (N = 2), 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, circumfila comprising two longitudinal bands connected subbasally and apically by two transverse bands ( Fig. 9A ), 1 st flagellomere 0.23-0.28 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (N = 2),2 nd flagellomere 0.28 mm long. 0.05 mm wide (N = 1), 3 rd flagellomere 0.16-0.18 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 2), 4 th- 5 th flagellomeres 0.15-0.18 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 2), 6 th flagellomere 0.15-0.17 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 2), 7 th flagellomere 0.17 mm long, 0.04-0.05 mm wide (N = 1), 8 th flagellomere 0.14 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 9 th flagellomere 0.10 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 10 th flagellomere 0.08 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 11 th flagellomere 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), 12 th flagellomere globose, 0.04 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1); proportion flagellomere neck-node 1:15; frons with 26 setae; mouthparts: labrum 0.05- 0.05 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 2), hypopharynx 0.10 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 2), labellum 0.04-0.045 mm long, 0.03 mm wide at midlength (N = 2), palpus 0.14 mm long (N = 1): 1 st segment globose 0.02 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 1), 2 nd segment cylindrical 0.05 mm long, 0.02 mm wide at midlength (N = 1), 3 rd segment fusiform 0.07 mm long, 0.01 mm wide at midlength (N = 1). Thorax: wing length: 2.30-2.40 mm (N = 2) ( Fig. 9B ); tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, isomorphic,empodium longer than claws ( Fig.9C ).Abdomen ( Fig. 9D ): trichoid sensillae not visible, 1 st- 7 th tergites as in male, 8 th tergite with posterior margin with lobes 0.08-0.09 mm long (N = 2), 2 nd- 6 th sternites as in male, 6 th sternite 0.23 mm long (N = 2), 7 th sternite 0.42 mm long, 1.82 × length of sternite 6 (N = 2), setose, mostly covered elsewhere with scales; sternite 8 not sclerotized; ovipositor: needle part 0,85- 0.90 mm long, 2.02-2.14 × length sternite 7 (N = 2). Other characters as in male. Figure 9. Asphondylia fluminensis Maia , sp.nov. ,female:(A)5 th flagellomere,(B)Wing,(C)Foreleg,tarsal claw and empodium,lateral view,(D)Abdomen,lateral view. Figure 10. Asphondylia fluminensis Maia , sp. nov. ,pupa:(A) General aspect,ventral view,(B) Head,frontal view,(C) Prothoracic spiracle,(D)Thoracic integument, dorsal view,(E) 7 th abdominal segment,dorsal view. Pupa ( Fig. 10A ): Color: brownish. Body length: 2.70-3.15 mm (N = 10). Head ( Fig. 10B ): dorsal plate 0.15-0.17 mm long, 0.40-0.46 mm wide (N = 7), antennal horn 0.20-0.26 mm long (N = 10), conical, pointed, inner margin serrated,distal part shorter than basal part;apical seta 0.04 mm long (N = 7), antennal width 0.06-0.07 mm ; one upper facial horn conical, 0.02 mm long (N = 5); three lower facial horns aligned, 0.01 mm long (N = 5); two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair setose, the other bare; three pairs of lateral facial papillae: one pair setose, two bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle 0.10-0.11 mm long (N = 6), 1.3 × antennal basal width, setiform, not curved (N = 6) ( Fig. 10C ), integument wrinkled ( Fig. 10D ). Abdomen: segments 2-8 with transverse rows of crescent dorsal spines at basal half ( Fig. 10E ); posterior row with 19-27 spines in the 2 nd segment, 17-25 in the 3 rd , 18-24 in the 4 th , 15-22 in the 5 th , 15-23 in the 6 th , 12-19 in the 7 th and 7-8 in the 8 th . Figure 11. Asphondylia spp. :(A) A. fluminensis Maia , sp.nov. , larva,spatula and associated papillae,ventral view,(B) Flower bud galls on Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr. ( Erythroxylaceae ),(C) A.erythroxylis Möhn, 1959 ,larva,spatula,ventral view,redrawn from Möhn,1959 (original drawing without scale). Table 2. Comparative length of females and larvae of Asphondylia fluminensis Maia , sp. nov. and A. erythroxylis Möhn, 1959 ( Diptera , Cecidomyiidae ). Data on A. erythroxylis were obtained from literature.
Length: Asphondylia fluminensis , sp.nov. Asphondylia erythroxylis Möhn,1959
Female
Body 2.80-2.90 mm 2.20 mm
Scape 110µ 118µ
Pedicel 50-70µ 58µ
1 st flagellomere 230-280µ 207µ
5 th flagellomere 150-180µ 156-157µ
9 th flagellomere 100µ 100µ
10 th flagellomere 50µ 70µ
11 th flagellomere 40µ 48-49µ
12 th flagellomere 40µ 36µ
Palpus
1 st segment 20µ 23-24µ
2 nd segment 50µ 42µ
3 rd segment 70µ 70-72µ
Larva
Body 2.10 mm —
Spatula 210µ 293µ
Larva: Body: 2.10 mm long (N = 1); head 0.05 mm long, 0.8 mm wide (N = 2). Spatula ( Fig. 11A ) quadridentate, 0.21 mm long (N = 1), lateral teeth longer than mesal, 0.035 mm long, mesal teeth 0.002-0.03 mm long (N = 2); three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula. Terminal segment 0.06 mm long, four pairs of terminal papillae (three setose, one shorter than the others, and one corniform) (N = 1). Gall: On flower bud,globoid,green, glabrous,one-chambered on Erythroxylum ovalifolium Peyr ( Erythroxylaceae ) ( Fig. 11B ). Material examined: Holotype male, BRAZIL : Rio de Janeiro State , Maricá , APA de Maricá , 11.VIII.1990 , V . Maia col. ( MNRJ-ENT1-69782 ) . Paratypes : MALES – same data as holotype: 1 ♂ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69783 ) ; 01.IX.1997 : 2 ♂♂ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69786 , MNRJ-ENT1-69787 ) ; Arraial do Cabo , 11.VIII.1990 : 2 ♂♂ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69784 , MNRJ-ENT1-69785 ) ; FEMALES – same data as holotype: 3 ♀♀ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69788 : 1, MNRJ-ENT1-69789 : 2) ; PUPAL EXUVIAE – same data as holotype: 12 pupal exuviae (1: MNRJ-ENT1-69791 , 4 : MNRJ-ENT1-69793 , 4 : MNRJ-ENT1-69795 , 3 : MNRJ-ENT1-69796 ) ; 01.IX.1997 : 2 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69797 ) ; 07.VIII.1998 : 3 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69790 ) ; 28.IX.1990 : 1 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69794 ) ; Carapebus , 29.VII.1998 : 4 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69792 ) ; THIRD INSTAR LARVAE – APA de Maricá , 18. V .2021 : 1 larva ( MNRJ-ENT1-69798 ) ; 08.IX.1988 : 2 larvae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69799 ) . Additional material : Rio de Janeiro state : Maricá , APA de Maricá , MALES – same data as holotype: ( MNRJ-ENT1-69800 , MNRJ-ENT1-69801 ) ; PUPAL EXUVIAE – same data as holotype: 11 pupal exuviae (1: MNRJ-ENT1-69803 , 6 : MNRJ-ENT1-69806 , 4 : MNRJ-ENT1-69809 ) ; Carapebus , 29.VII.1998 , 6 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69802 ) ; 26.IX.1998 : 5 pupal exuviae (3: MNRJ-ENT1-69804 , 2 : MNRJ-ENT1-69805 ) ; APA de Maricá , 07.VIII.1988 : 3 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69807 ) ; 01.IX.1997 : 1 pupal exuvia ( MNRJ-ENT1-69808 ) . Etymology: The name "fluminensis ″ means "of Rio de Janeiro State ″. Geographic distribution (based on gall records on the host plant): Brazil , Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro (Grumari), Maricá, Arraial do Cabo and Carapebus ( Maia, 2013 ). Remarks: Asphondylia erythroxylis Möhn 1959 is the only previously described congeneric species on Erythroxylum P. Browne. It induces fruit galls on E. mexicanum and is known from El Salvador ( Gagné & Jaschhof, 2021 ). The new species differs from A. erythroxylis in the following morphological characters: (1) larva: the mesal teeth of A. fluminensis is clearly deeper than those of A. erythroxylis ( Fig. 11C ); (2) female: the body of A. fluminensis is longer and the last three flagellomeres are shorter in the new species than in A. erythroxylis . Furthermore, the last three flagellomeres are subequal in length in the new species, while in A. erythroxylis they are progressively shorter toward apex ( Table 2 ). The male and pupa of A. erythroxylis are unknown.