An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini
Author
POORANI, J.
text
Zootaxa
2023
2023-08-18
5332
1
1
307
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1
journal article
264199
10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1
66e0ec51-d494-43d4-965e-a2cd1462ef54
1175-5326
8261502
424F7439-4095-46A5-93E3-C4130E3B6D9A
Genus
Phrynocaria
Timberlake
Phrynocaria
Timberlake, 1943: 34
.
Type
species by original designation,
Coccinella congener
Billberg
, in Scĥnherr 1808: 179 (=
Coccinella unicolor
Fabricius, 1792
).
Phrynolemnia
Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1984: 204
.
Type
species by original designation,
Coccinella congener
Billberg
, in Scĥnherr, 1808. Synonymized by
Ślipiński 2007: 176
.
Lemnia
(
Phrynocaria
)
:
Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1984: 205
, 210–214.
Artemis
Mulsant, 1850: 374
, 388; 1866: 256.—
Preoccupied in
Lepidoptera
[not
Artemis
Kirby & Spence, 1828
(
Insecta
:
Lepidoptera
:
Saturniidae
) (
Ukrainsky 2006: 400
)].
Lemnia
(
Neoartemis
)
:
Ukrainsky 2006: 400
(replacement name for
Artemis
Mulsant
).
Anegleis
(
Pseudanegleis
)
Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1982: 296
.
Type
species by original designation,
Coelophora perrotteti
Mulsant, 1850: 409
.—Synonymized by Poorani 2002: 339.
Diagnosis.
Medium-sized beetles, form broadly oval to almost circular, dorsum moderately to strongly convex, glabrous. Anterior clypeal margin of head straight between lateral projections. Antenna with 11 antennomeres, last four forming a terminal club; eyes large, prominent, eye canthus deep and narrow; frons narrow between eyes, markedly divergent and broadened anteriorly toward antennal insertions. Prothoracic hypomeron with distinct foveae near an-terolateral corners. Mesoventrite anteriorly deeply, triangularly emarginate, often with a short, longitudinal carina. Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete, without an oblique dividing line. Meso-and metatibial spurs absent.
Morphologically
Phrynocaria
may be confused with related genera such as
Coelophora
Mulsant, 1850
(including
Lemnia
Mulsant, 1850
),
Microcaria
Crotch, 1871
(formerly a synonym of
Coelophora
), and
Synona
Pope, 1989
sharing a roughly hemispherical body shape with a narrowly explanate elytral margin; however, it is easily distinguished from these genera by the large eyes, much narrower frons (interocular distance at narrowest point from 0.8 to 1.3 times the width of an eye), and lack of meso-and metatibial spurs.
Affinities.
Tomaszewska
et al
. (2021)
included it in the
Synonycha
-group of genera and mentioned about the hitherto unresolved relationship between
Phrynocaria
and its close relative,
Coelophora
(including
Lemnia
). In their analysis,
Heteroneda
was also recovered as closely related to
Phrynocaria
albeit with weak support.
Poorani
et al.
(2021)
reviewed the Indian species of
Phrynocaria
.
Distribution.
Oriental
, Palaearctic and Australo-Pacific regions.
Biology.
Members of this genus seem to prefer whiteflies to aphids. At least two species,
Phrynocaria unicolor
(F.) and
P. perrotteti
(Mulsant)
, are known to feed on whiteflies in
India
(
Kapur 1940
). Aphids, coccids and psyllids have been recorded as prey of
Phrynocaria
spp.
from
Australia
(
Pope 1989
).
Included species.
Poorani
et al
. (2021)
included six species from the Indian region. One new species,
Phrynocaria prathapani
sp. n.
, is also described here.