Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata) Author Kim, Il-Hoi 0000-0002-7332-0043 Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043 ihkim@gwnu.ac.kr Author Boxshall, Geoff A. 0000-0002-7332-0043 Korea Institute of Coastal Ecology, Inc., 802 - ho, 302 - dong, 397 Seokcheon-ro, Ojeong-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14449, Republic of Korea ® ihkim @ gwnu. ac. kr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7332 - 0043 ihkim@gwnu.ac.kr text Megataxa 2020 2020-12-24 4 1 1 6 http://zoobank.org/3fdd970e-62f1-4f67-8cce-10870bdb3c01 journal article 54097 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1 7c9bc39d-9910-46f1-9558-c0647b9cbbdb 2703-3090 4591138 Scoliosoma gen. nov. Diagnosis . Female body strongly curved ventrally. Prosome divided only by constrictions. Brood pouch formed by fused swollen third and fourth pedigerous somites. Urosome rather long, apparently 6-segmented although first urosomite (fifth pedigerous somite) almost completely fused to prosome. Genital somite free. Caudal ramus small, armedwith 3 small setae. Rostrum short. Antennule broad, leaf-like, unsegmented or obscurely segmented, armed with few small setae. Antenna 4- segmented with small terminal claw. Labrum short and broad. Mandible consistingof coxa and palp; coxal gnathobase broad, bearing large, spiniform mediodistal tooth and serrate medial margin; palp consisting of basis, exopod and endopod, but rami may be fused with basis; basiswith 1 seta mediodistally; exopodwith 4 setae; endopod unsegmented with 5 setae, or 2-segmented with 1 and 4 setae on first and second segments, respectively. Maxillule comprising precoxal arthrite armed with 5 setae and lobate palp bearing 5 setae. Maxilla consisting of syncoxa, basis, and 1- or 2-segmented endopod; basis with robust claw only. Maxilliped represented by small lobe bearing 2 setae distally. Legs 1–4 rudimentary. Legs 1–3 bilobed; lobes not articulated at base and armed with minute setae. Leg 4 as small lobe. Leg 5 absent. Type species . Scoliosoma haplomerosum gen. et sp. nov . by original designation. Other included species . Scoliosoma dimerosum gen. etsp. nov. Etymology . The generic name is from the Greek scoli (=curved, crooked) and soma (=body), referring the curved body of the adult female in species of the new genus. Gender neuter. Remarks . Scoliosoma gen.nov . resembles Gallincola gen. nov . : they have a similar body form and both have a strong distal tooth on the mandibular gnathobase. Interestingly, both live in galls in solitary ascidians. However, the cephalic appendages of Scoliosoma gen. nov . are much more simplified than in Gallincola gen. nov . The mandibular exopod is armed with 5 setae in Gallincola gen. nov . but with 4 setae in Scoliosoma gen. nov . The maxillule of Gallincola gen. nov . bears as many as 9 setae on the arthrite and has a biramous palp but this appendage in Scoliosoma gen. nov . bears a total of only 5 setae on the arthrite and has a rudimentary, lobate palp. Othernotable differences include: in Scoliosoma gen. nov . the urosome is 5-segmented compared to 4-segmented in Gallincola gen. nov . , the antennule is broad, leaf-like compared to elongate in Gallincola gen. nov . , and the maxillary syncoxa has only 2 endites compared with 3 endites in Gallincola gen. nov .