A new species of Ducetia (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) from Mindanao, Philippines based on bioacoustics, stridulatory file morphology and genetic data Author Salvador, Jewel Anne G. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines. Author Nuñeza, Olga Macas Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City 9200, Philippines. Author Robillard, Tony Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE-PSL, UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France. Author Tan, Ming Kai Block 207 A, Woodleigh Link, Singapore 361207, Republic of Singapore. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-06-11 5468 1 179 190 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5468.1.8 journal article 298635 10.11646/zootaxa.5468.1.8 fbbf012f-ea10-47e4-8a26-d501081767eb 1175-5326 11615151 FFC4DF39-964D-4967-8F7F-EA83CB4A827D Ducetia laniae sp. nov. ( Figs 1–7 ) Material examined. Holotype : PHILIPPINES : Mindanao Island : Agusan del Sur province • ♂ ; Municipality of Sibagat , Brgy. Poblacion; N8.8242894, E125.6909101 , 31 m . a.s.l; 28 August 2021 , 19h15; coll. J.A Salvador & M. Salvador ; 68JAS08 [molecular TRORT142-23 BC_JAS_047, GenBank Accession number PP625719 ] ( PNM ) Paratypes : PHILIPPINES : Mindanao Island : Agusan del Sur province • 1♂ ; Municipality of Bunawan , Brgy. San Marcos; N8.291222, E125.913257 , 20 m . a.s.l; 16 August 2022 , 22h22; coll. J. Amarante , J.A. Salvador, M . Salvador, B . Kiseo, M . Kiseo, E . Bancairen, D . Lastua, A . Anobong, M.A . Anobong, A.J . Zamora, R . Zamora, A . Ruiz, M.A. Kiseo ; 64JAS1211 [ TRORT146-23 BC_JAS_051, GenBank Accession number PP625720 ] ( MNHN-EO-ENSIF11337 ) • 1♀ ; Bayugan City, Brgy . Fili; N8.712075 , E125.777530 , 50 m . a.s.l; 1 June 2022 , 20h37; coll. J.A. Salvador , M. Salvador & J. Noval ; 71JAS460 ( MNHN-EO-ENSIF11338 ) Etymology. This species is named after Mellany “lani” Salvador , mother of first author. Diagnosis. This new species is typical of the Ducetia japonica species group by the male cerci having long interno-ventral ridge and the tegmen having 4–6 closely parallel posterior branches that do not bifurcate. Ducetia laniae sp. nov. differs from other species by the absence of distinctly larger teeth in the anal part (similar to D. adspersa and Ducetia javanica (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891)) , and having distinctly more teeth, with a row of closely packed 97 teeth (see Heller et al. [2017 , Table 4]). Likewise in D. adspersa from Luzon ( Philippines ), the number of teeth on the stridulatory file is notably lower, with fewer than 30 teeth, than D. laniae sp. nov. Ducetia laniae sp. nov. also differs by the calling song, which is relatively simple, consisting of an echeme-sequence made up of a closely-spaced repetition of echemes (see below). Remarks. This new species represents the second species of Ducetia known to occur in the Philippines , and the first in Mindanao Island. Description. Habitus typical of Ducetia japonica species group; generally pale green with head and pronotum on dorsum yellow green, tegmina with stridulatory area and anal margins and legs (sometimes) brown when alive ( Figs 1–3 ). Frontal rostrum conical, stout, with subacute apex; upper tubercle having median sulcus distinct ( Fig. 4A ). Eyes oval and globular; in anterior view taller than wide ( Fig. 4B ); in dorsal view faintly protruding anteriorly ( Fig. 4A ); in lateral view obliquely elongated ( Fig. 4C ). Mouthparts generally light colored ( Fig. 4B ). Apical segment of maxillary palpi longest, slender, slightly curved, apex obtuse; fourth distinctly shorter than third segment in length ( Fig. 4C ). Pronotal disc not covering stridulatory area; 1.3–1.8 times as long as wide; anterior margin straight; slightly widening apically; median sulcus not distinct; lateral keel distinct near anterior and posterior margins; posterior margin broadly rounded 1.4–1.8 times as long as anterior margin ( Fig. 4A ). Pronotal lateral lobe rectangular, 1.3–1.5 times as long as tall; with ventral margin fairly elongated and straight; anterior margin slightly concave; posterior margin broadly rounded ( Fig. 4C ). Thoracic auditory spiracle (= thoracic foramen) large and bean-shaped; partly or fully covered by pronotal lateral lobe ( Fig. 4C ). Tegmen fully developed, well surpassing hind knees; infumated; rather narrow, with oblique apex; venation typical of Ducetia japonica species group: with 4–6 closely parallel posterior branches ( Fig. 3A ). Hind wing surpassing tegminal apices, reaching or surpassing middle of hind tibia; exposed part infumated ( Fig. 3 ). Legs generally long and slender ( Fig. 3 ). Fore and middle legs and hind tibia sometimes brown ( Fig. 1–3 ). Fore femur with both internal and external ventral margins having two to three very small spines, usually at apical half; middle femur with ventral margin having seven or eight small spines; hind femur with ventral margin having circa four spines widely spaced apart. Inner and outer knees of hind femora with rounded lobes each having a small apical spine. Fore tibia with both tympanum oval and open ( Fig. 3A ). Tibia ventrally and dorsally typically with numerous outer and inner dark-colored spines. FIGURE 1. Ducetia laniae sp. nov. ♂ in its natural environment in Agusan del Sur. FIGURE 2. Ducetia laniae sp. nov. ♂ in its natural environment in Agusan del Sur. FIGURE 3. Ducetia laniae sp. nov. ♂ habitus in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views. Scale bar: 5 mm. Male. 1A vein on left tegmen straight and swollen ( Fig. 4A ). Stridulatory file on 1A vein of left tegmen, in ventral view, about 1.7 mm long, mostly straight but slightly curved at basal end, with 97 stridulatory teeth; at anal end having teeth particularly densely packed, at basal end having teeth more widely spaced apart; tooth length generally increases from anal end to maximum of 0.12 mm before decreasing drastically at basal end ( Fig. 4D ). Average tooth length at anal third 0.07 mm , at middle 0.08 mm , at basal third 0.10 mm ( Fig. 5A ). Average inter-tooth distance at anal end and middle region 0.014 mm , indistinctly smaller than at basal end of 0.030 mm ( Fig. 5B ). Mirror area of left tegmen rectangular with anterior and posterior margins parallel, anal and basal margins slightly converging posteriorly; anterior margin 1.2–1.3 times as long as posterior margin, 1.8–1.9 times as long as the length of mirror ( Fig. 4A ). Abdominal apex typical of Ducetia japonica species group. Cercus in lateral view with basal half cylindrical and straight; with apical half curved dorsad; with apical third having characteristic interno-ventral ridge ( Fig. 4E ). Subgenital plate elongated; apical half deeply and narrowly emarginated at middle; with inner margins of emargination nearly touching each other except at basal end ( Fig. 4F ). FIGURE 4. Ducetia laniae sp. nov. ♂: head, pronotum and anterior part of tegmina in dorsal view (A); face in anterior view (B); head, pronotum and anterior part of tegmina in lateral view (C); stridulatory file of the left tegmen in ventral view (D); abdominal apex in lateral (E) and ventral (F) views. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E, F); 1 mm (B, D). Female ( Fig. 6 ). Habitus similar to male ( Figs 6A–C ). Ovipositor falcate with dorsal valve having dorsal margin from basal third dentated; with ventral valve having ventral margin dentated only at the apex ( Fig. 6D ). Subgenital plate small; in lateral and ventral view, triangular; apex subacute ( Fig. 6E ). FIGURE 5. Tooth distribution on the stridulatory file of Ducetia laniae sp. nov. ♂ based on tooth length (A) and inter-tooth distance (B). Measurements ( 2♂ , 1♀ in mm). See Table 1 . Ecology. This species is common in Agusan del Sur , and can be mostly found in urban communities dwelling in dense bushes ( Fig. 8 ). Distribution. Philippines (Mindanao) Type locality. PHILIPPINES : Mindanao Island: Agusan del Sur Calling song ( 1♂ , 28.6°C) ( Fig. 7 ). The calling song is an echeme-sequence composed of complex echemes (n = 2), and has a duration of 8.28– 10.67 s . Each echeme-sequence is made up of 46–56 echemes. The average echeme duration is 0.18± 0.02 s (0.15– 0.23 s ), and the average interval between consecutive echemes is 20.8±2.4 ms (16.0–23.7 ms). At the start of each echeme, the first syllable is particularly long, having a duration of 12.8±2.5 ms (8.4–18.3 ms), and has the highest amplitude. The average interval between the first and second syllables is 9.0±3.8 ms (4.9–16.5 ms). The remaining part of the echeme consists of 16±3 (13–21) syllables and has an average duration of 0.16± 0.02 s (0.14– 0.20 s ). These syllables show up as possibly rapid-decay pulses. The average syllable duration is distinctly shorter than the first syllable, i.e., 5.5±1.0 ms (3.4–7.1 ms), and the average interval between these consecutive syllables is 5.4±1.5 ms (2.3–7.5 ms). The call spectrum is broad-band, and has a peak frequency of 17.2±1.1 kHz (15.8–20.8 kHz).