Four new species of Phrynus, Lamarck (Arachnida: Amblypygi) from Mexico Author Joya, Daniel Chirivi Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Laboratorio de Entomología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia. Carrera 7 N °. 40 - 62, Bogotá. text Zootaxa 2021 2021-03-19 4948 2 151 183 journal article 7563 10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.1 82bdee28-6a14-4f2d-b7b1-b4b103383775 1175-5326 4620704 6E073009-5EB5-4C00-89C6-0728E7FA544B Phrynus aliciae sp. nov. Figures. 7–9 , 17–18 . Table. 3 , 6 . Holotype (Female): MEXICO . Oaxaca : San Miguel del Puerto , Puente Majagual ( 15.83043 , -96.01324 ): 50 masl , 8 December 2010 , J. Mendoza , S. Longhorn , E. Goyer , E. Hijmensen ( CNAN-T01447 ). Paratypes ( 6 females , 4 males ): MEXICO . Oaxaca : San Miguel del Puerto , Puente Majagual : 50 masl , 8 December 2010 , J. Mendoza , S. Longhorn , E. Goyer , E. Hijmensen , two males ( CNAN-T01448 ) . Santa María Colotepec ( 15.83814 , -97.02450 ): 12 masl , Beside of Puerto Escondido river, 5 December 2010 , J. Mendoza , S. Longhorn , E. Goyer , E. Hijmensen , six females, two males ( CNAN-T01449 ) . Distribution: MEXICO : State of Oaxaca ( Fig. 18 ). Etymology. The species is dedicated to my mother Alicia Joya Gómez. Her best way to contribute to my research was by educating me and motivating me to become a biologist. Diagnosis. Phrynus aliciae sp. nov . presents one conspicuous tooth in the ectal row of the base of chelicerae, with an acuminated apex ( Fig. 7F ). Without an inconspicuous spine in the dorsomedial area of the tarsus, Pd2 longer than Pd4, Fv3 smaller than Fv5, Td1 of small with a similar size to Td4 ( Fig. 8 ). The female genitalia have bellshaped gonopod bases, the sclerites are conical and curved at the apex, the most of the sclerite is white, only the external border is brown, and the base of the sclerite has half the width of the gonopod base; the sclerites surround the distal external margin of the gonopod bases ( Fig. 17C ). The male genitalia present tubular ornamentations in the LoL 1 and 2, and the LoD is thin ( Fig. 9 , Table 6 ). Species comparisons: Phrynus aliciae sp. nov. is similar to P. operculatus and P. alfonsoi , however, the female genitalia are different, in P. operculatus and P. alfonsoi , the sclerite of the gonopod is more rounded at the base, whereas in P. aliciae sp. nov. the base sclerite is straight. In the other compared species, the sclerites are completely brown; in P. operculatus and P. alfonsoi , the sclerite base has less than half-width of the gonopod base, and do not surround the external margin; the gonopod bases in P. operculatus and P. alfonsoi are tubular and more elongated ( Fig. 17 ). The LoD of P. operculatus males is thicker ( Fig. 3C , Table 6 ). The spine Pd1 is conspicuous and frequently accompanied by a Pd1a ( Fig. 8D ) similar to P. alfonsoi sp. nov . , P. jalisco , and P. operculatus . Tv1 is shorter than Tv3 ( Fig. 8E ) similar to P. operculatus and P. tresmarias sp. nov. , whereas in P. giseae sp. nov. and P. jalisco , are subequal ( Fig. 11E ). Td1 is small ( Fig. 8F ) differing from P. operculatus ( Fig. 2F ). Description. Female (CNAN-T01447): Total length 18.9 mm . Carapace and opisthosoma color brown, pedipalps and legs are brown with red tonalities. Dimensions of the prosoma, opisthosoma, pedipalps segments, and all leg femora are provided in Table 3 . Carapace. The frontal margin is almost straight, with one slightly pronounced lobe at each side, lobes are not joined in the middle area. It presents a group of granules widely spaced; lateral and posterior margins with a lighter border, posterior margin concave. Lateral and anteromedial eyes are clearly visible, ocular tubercle black ( Fig. 7A ). Sternum. Tri-segmented; all segments clearly sclerotized, the area around segments is sclerotized too. Tritosternum projected anteriorly, elongated, conical, with nine setae on the basal region, one on the medial region, one on the distal region, and two more in the apex. Second segment (tetrasternum) oval with two setae on the distal region and two on the proximal region. Third segment (pentasternum) oval, slightly smaller than the second segment, with two setae on the medial region. Metasternum longitudinally divided, with two setae on the posterior margin of each half ( Fig. 7B ). Abdomen. Oblong, color dark brown. Presents patches of light coloration on both sides of each tergite. The carapace is wider than the abdomen ( Fig. 7C ). FIGURE 7 . Phrynus aliciae sp. nov. Female (CNAN-T01447): A. Carapace. B. Sternum. C. Dorsal opisthosoma. D. Chelicera, mesal view. E. Trochanter (Tr). F. Chelicera, ectal view. Chelicera. The mesal row of the basal segment of the chelicerae with three teeth, the first is bilobed, placed in the proximal portion, lobe 1b bigger than 1a, followed by one tooth shorter in the medial portion, and the third, bigger than the others, placed in the distal region ( Fig. 7D ). The ectal row with one conspicuous tooth (tooth 2) with an acuminated apex, placed in the medial region. There is a small keel on the most proximal region (tooth 1) ( Fig. 7F ). The mobile segment of chelicerae with four teeth, the first and third are the biggest. TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) of body, pedipalps segments, and femur of legs in Phrynus aliciae sp. nov . When the segment is missing, the cell is empty.

Holotype CNAN-T01447	CNAN- T01448		CNAN- T01449		CNAN- T01449	CNAN- T01449
Sex	Female	Male		Female		Male	Female
Total length (with chelicerae)	18.9	20.4		21.7		17.1	22.8
Prosoma
Maximum width	10	9.1		11.2		11.1	12.6
Maximum length	7.2	7.1		8.4		7.5	8.5
Opisthosoma
Maximum width	9	7.8		10.6		8	9.5
Maximum length	11.6	13		13		10.3	13.7
Right Left	Right	Left	Right	Left	Right Left	Right	Left
Pedipalp lengths
Trochanter	2.7 2.7	2.4	2.3	3.4	3.4	2.5 2.5	3.2	3
Femur	4.6 4.4	6.8	6.6	7.5	7.9	7.2 6.9	9.1	8.5
Patella	7.3 7.5	6.8	6.8	7.7	7.8	7.2 7.9	9.5	9.9
Tibia	3 3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.7	3 3	3.3	3.3
Tarsus-metatarsus	3.3 3.3	3.6	3.3	3.7	3.7	3 3	3.3	3.3
Femur length
Leg I	15 14.8	13.1	14.5	15.1	14.7	14.4 14.3	17.7	17.5
Leg II	10.4 10.4	10.7	10.7	11.9	11.2	11 11	13.2	13.2
Leg III	11.3 11.3	11.8	11.8	12.3	12.5	12.2 11.6	14.2	14
Leg IV	10 10	10.3	10.2	11.1	11	10 9.2	12	11.8
No. segments tibia I	29 29	42	29	29	29	29	29
No. segments tarsus I	>32 60	75	62	58	60	69	64
No. segments basitibia IV	3 3	3	3	3	3	3 3	3	3

Pedipalp. Trochanter : Prolateral face with four spines, spines Tr1 and Tr3 placed in medial region, Tr2 placed near the ventral margin. Tr3 and Tr4 subequal in length. Spine lengths: Tr2>Tr1>Tr4ŻTr3. Dorsal oblique series of six setiferous tubercles. Dorsomedial area without spines but with two tubercles, the most central of them has half of the size of Tr3 ( Fig. 7E ). Femur : Ventral face with six major spines, Fv4, Fv3a, and Fv5a are small, between Fv5– Fv5a there are two small tubercles, between Fv6–Fv7 there is a tubercle, distal to Fv7 there is a small spine Fv8 and one tubercle placed at each side. Spine lengths: Fv1>Fv2>Fv5>Fv3=Fv6>Fv7>Fv8=Fv4>Fv5a>Fv3a ( Fig. 8A ). Dorsal face with five major spines, spine Fd4 is a tubercle, between Fd3–Fd5 there are other two small tubercles at each side of Fd4, there is a small spine Fd5a, one tubercle between Fd6–Fd7, Fd1, and Fd2 share the same base, Fd3 is totally separated from Fd2. Spine lengths: Fd3>Fd2>Fd5>Fd6>Fd1>Fd7>Fd5a>Fd4 ( Fig. 8B ). Patella : Ventral face with five major spines. Pv3 is a tubercle, there is one tubercle proximal to Pv1, and between Pv1–Pv2. Lengths: Pv5>Pv2>Pv1>Pv6>Pv4>Pv7>Pv3 ( Fig. 8C ). Dorsal face with seven major spines, between Pd1–Pd2 there are two small tubercles and one spine Pd1a; proximal to Pd1 there are three tubercles, Spine lengths: Pd3>Pd5>Pd2>Pd4> Pd6>Pd7>Pd1>Pd1a ( Fig. 8D ). Tibia : Ventral face with three major spines, one tubercle between Tv2–Tv3. Spine lengths: Tv2>Tv3>Tv1 ( Fig. 8E ). Dorsal face with two major spines, between Td2–Td3 there is one tubercle, over Td3 there is a small spine, distal to Td3 there are two small spines, the biggest is here named Td4, Td1 is present as a small tubercle. Spine lengths: Td2>Td3>Td4>Td1 ( Fig. 8F ). Tarsus-metatarsus: Internal face with two lines of dorsomedial bristles; suture between the tarsus and metatarsus is not visible. Tarsus without an inconspicuous spine on the proximal end of the dorsomedial surface. Legs . Femora brown. Femora lengths: I>III>II>IV ( Table 3 ). Leg I: Tibia with 29 segments and tarsus broken on the right leg; the left leg with 29 segments in the tibia and the tarsus with 60 segments. Leg IV: Basitibia with three segments. Basitibia-distitibia lengths: BT1>DT>BT3>BT2. Basitarsus and Telotarsus subequal in size. Tarsus tetramerous. Female genitalia. The genital operculum is oval and extends to the second segment of the opisthosoma. Gonopod bases bell-shaped, dorsal surface lightly sclerotized; on the most proximal area, there is a strongly sclerotized line joining both gonopod bases, coloration brown on the most proximal region, and white, with brown tonalities over the entire dorsal surface. Sclerites of the gonopod conical, the base is more than three times wider than the medial and apical regions, apex curved. Sclerite coloration brown at external margins and white on the internal area ( Fig. 17C , Table 6 ). FIGURE 8. Phrynus aliciae sp. nov. Female (CNAN-T01447): A. Ventral femur (Fv). B. Dorsal femur (Fd). C. Ventral patella (Pv) . D. Dorsal patella (Pd) . E. Ventral tibia (Tv). F. Dorsal tibia (Td). Variation. Type series measurements and the number of segments in the basitibia IV, Tibia I and tarsus I, are summarized in Table 3 . Sternum : Setae over all segments of the sternum are variable in number and position. Pedipalp : Trochanter : the second tubercle of the medial region can be more conspicuous, the biggest tubercle can look like a small spine, between Tr1 and Tr2 can present a small spine. Femur : Dorsal face: the size and presence of tubercles between spines are variable, spine Fd5a can be absent or present as a tubercle. Patella : Ventral face: Tubercles can be more conspicuous in larger individuals; in some cases, can present a spine Pv1-a, and a spine Pv1a between Pv1–Pv2. Dorsal face: in some individuals, there is a spine Pd1-a. In larger individuals, there is one small spine Pd8. Tibia : Ventral face: can present one or two small spines between Tv2–Tv3. Dorsal face: Td1 can be more conspicuous but still small. Legs. The number of segments of the tibia and tarsus of leg I, was variable among the individuals, the number of tibial segments varies between 29 and 42, and the tarsal segments between 60 and 75. In observed specimens, the number of segments did not depend on size or sex ( Table 3 ). Male. Observed males are similar in size to females ( Table 3 ) spination pattern as in females, genital operculum has the posterior margin oval and covers part of the third segment of the opisthosoma. Male genitalia . (CNAN-T01448): LaM longer than Pi. LoL 1 and LoL 2 subequal in length, both densely covered with minute projections; in LoL 1, projections are tubular, thin, and elongated, placed close together, the insertion base is not visible; in LoL 2 projections are similar to LoL 1, the insertion base is also not visible. In dorsal view, the LoD elongated but shorter than LoL1 ( Fig. 9 , Table 6 ).