On new terrestrial ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Brazil, primarily from São Paulo State Author Pinto, R. L. Author Rocha, C. E. F. Author Martens, K. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2005 2005-10-31 145 2 145 173 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00185.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00185.x 0024-4082 5434946 CAAPORACANDONA GEN. NOV. Type species C. shornikovi sp. nov. (here designated) Derivation of name After the word caapora from the Tupi-Guarani indigenous language, meaning ‘little man in the forest’. Although the Caapora in general is not friendly to humans, we trust these ostracods to be fairly harmless. Diagnosis Cp narrow in dv, reniform in lv. A1 5-segmented, with segments 1 + 2 fused, segment 3 separate, segments 4 + 5 and 6 + 7 fused. Penultimate segment of A2 with 2 ventro-lateral setae and with claw G2 about half the size of G1. Md-palp with seta s2 small. Distal segment of T 3 with 1 apical claw and 2 setae. CR with proximal seta distally inserted, i.e. close to the proximal claw. Additional generic features Valves reniform, narrow in dv, LV overlapping RV anteriorly and posteriorly, RV overlapping LV ventrally. Calcified inner lamella narrow, fused zone with straight pore canals, c . 4 cms, large fulcral point, md scars small and elongated. Hinge adont. Most appendages with reduction in number of segments and number and length of claws and setae. A2 with expodite consisting of 1 long seta, a short seta and a small, compact organ; natatory setae missing; penultimate segment with ventro-lateral setae, sometimes also with a dorso-lateral seta, with 3 apical claws, G1 and G3 long, G2 slightly longer than half their length. Md palp with reduced chaetotaxy, setae s2 very short, apical segment with 2 long claws and 2 small setae. Mx1-palp with 2 or 3 long apical setae on first segment, 3 setae on rectangular terminal segment. T 1-palp (female) with 3 apical setae. T 2 a slen- der walking leg, with both setae d1 and d2 missing, penultimate segment divided, apical claw long and slender. T 3 with 1 apical claw and 2 setae on terminal segment. CR stout, proximal seta long, distally inserted, i.e. close to proximal claw; 2 stout and serrated endclaws and distal seta present. Differential diagnosis Caaporacandona gen. nov. can be distinguished from both Terrestricypris and Terrestricandona by the presence of 1 claw and 2 setae on the terminal segment of the T 3 (1 claw only in Terrestricypris and Terrestricandona ), by the absence of seta d1 on T 2 (d1 long in Terrestricypris and Terrestricandona ) and by the position of the proximal seta on the CR (distal in Caaporacandona gen. nov. , central in the other two genera); from Terrestricypris by the presence of a (short) claw G2 on A2; from Terrestricandona by the size of claw G2 on A2 and by reduced seta s2 on the Md-palp. CAAPORACANDONA SHORNIKOVI SP. NOV. ( FIGS 10–12 ) Type locality Boracéia Biological Station , Municipality of Salesópolis , São Paulo State , Brazil . GPS coordinates: 23°38′16.9″S , 45°50′24.5″W . Inside the forest, near Pedreira’s swamp, in leaf litter at the foot of a rock wall. Material collected on 02.iv.2003 by CEFR and RLP . The species is thus far known only from its type locality . Type material Holotype : a dissected female, with valves stored dry in a micropalaeontological slide and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 16370). Paratypes : 3 females , dissected and stored like the holotype ( MZUSP 16371–73 ); a dissected female, with valves used for SEM and stored in micropalaeontological slide, and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide ( MZUSP 16374 ); 2 carapaces used for SEM and stored in micropalaeontological slides ( MZUSP 16375 , 16376 ) , 65 females kept in toto in ETOH ( MZUSP 16377 ) . Figure 10. Caaporacandona shornikovi gen. et sp. nov. , female. A. A1 (MZUSP 16370). B. A2 (idem). C. Md coxa (idem). D. Md palp (idem). E. Mx1 palp (idem). Scale bars = 10 µm. Derivation of name Named after Professor Evgeni Shornikov (Vladivostok, Russia ), in recognition of his significant contribution to ostracod taxonomy and ecology in general, and to terrestrial ostracods in particular. Diagnosis Third segment of A1 with long dorso-apical seta; segment 4 + 5 (third segment) with dorso-apical seta extending beyond tip of terminal segment. Penultimate segment of A2 with 1 dorso-lateral seta. Description Cp ( Fig. 12G ) reniform, slightly convex, narrow in dv, LV overlapping RV along the anterior, posteriorly and ventral margins. Cp in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 12D, E ) elongate, with pointed extremities and nearly straight, parallel sides over most of the length, greatest width situated in the middle. Calcified inner lamella narrow on both anterior and posterior sides, both valves with well-developed inner list along (but not on) the inner margin. RV and LV ( Fig. 12A–C, F ) subequal, with narrowly rounded anterior margin, slightly ventrally produced, rounded dorsal margin, more broadly rounded in the posterior part, caudal margin more broadly rounded than anterior one and ventral margin sinuous. Fused zone more developed anteriorly, with straight pore canals, 4 cms, large fulcral point, mandibular scars small and elongated. Hinge adont. Figure 11. Caaporacandona shornikovi gen. et sp. nov. , female. A. T1 (MZUSP 16370). B. T2 (idem). C. T3 (idem). D. CR (idem). E. End of body (MZUSP 16372). Scale bars = 10 µm. Most appendages with reduction in number of segments and number and length of claws and setae. A1 ( Fig. 10A ) 5-segmented; first segment (S1 + S2) with 1 dorsal seta and 2 ventral setae; second segment (S3) with 1 long dorso-apical seta; third segment (S4 + S5) with dorso-apical seta reaching beyond tip of terminal segment; fourth segment (6 + 7) with 1 long and 1 shorter dorso-apical setae, terminal segment (S8) with 3 apical setae (1 long, 1 half as long, 1 very short) and 1 lateral aesthetasc, the latter about twice as long as the segment. A2 ( Fig. 10B ) with exopodite consisting of 1 long seta, 1 short seta and a small and short, compact organ; first endopodal segment with 2 unequal ventroapical setae and a Y-aesthetasc of normal length, natatory setae fully absent; penultimate segment of endopode dorsally with 1 lateral seta and ventrally 2 long subapical setae of unequal size and 1 short apical seta, with 1 short z-seta, 2 long claws (here homologized with G1 and G3) and 1 short claw (G2); terminal segment with claw GM large and claw Gm half as long, aesthetasc y3 basally fused with slightly longer accompanying seta. Figure 12. Caaporacandona shornikovi gen. et sp. nov. A. Lv, iv (MZUSP 16374). B. RV, iv (idem). C. LV, iv, posterior detail (idem). D. Cp, dv (MZUSP 16376). E. Cp, vv (MZUSP 16375). F. LV, iv, anterior detail (MZUSP 16374). G. Cp, right lv (MZUSP 16375). Scale bars = 20 µm for C, F; 50 µm for A, B, D, E, G. Md palp ( Fig. 10C, D ) with reduced chaetotaxy: first palp-segment with respiratory plate well developed, with at least 4 rays; ventrally with seta s2 very short, s1 well developed, accompanying seta longer and smooth, alpha-seta small and slender; second palp segment with 2 long seta, 1 of intermediate length and 1 short and slender beta-seta; third segment with 1 medio-dorsal setae, 3 ventro-apical setae and 1 medioapical gamma seta; terminal segment with 2 hirsute claws and 2 short setae. Mx1-palp ( Fig. 10E ) with 2 long apical setae on first segment, 3 setae on rectangular terminal segment. T1-palp ( Fig. 11A ) with 3 apical setae, respiratory plate reduced; endite with about 9 unequal setae, setae a, b and d long and stout. T2 ( Fig. 11B ) a walking leg, setae d1 and d2 missing, penultimate segment divided and with 2 unequal ventro-apical setae; terminal segment rectangular, with apical claw long and slender and with 1 apical and 1 subapical seta. T3 ( Fig. 11C ) with 1 seta on basipodite; segments 1 and 2 + 3 devoid of setae; terminal segment (4) with 1 apical claw and 2 (sub)apical setae. CR ( Fig. 11D ) stout, proximal seta long, distally inserted, i.e. close to proximal claw; with 2 stout and serrated endclaws and a distal seta of intermediate length. End of body ( Fig. 11E ) a slender seta. Male unknown. Measurements (in µ m) MZUSP 16375: L = 373, H = 172. MZUSP 16376: L = 371, W = 124. MZUSP 16374: LV: L = 378, H = 178; RV: L = 375, H = 180 CAAPORACANDONA IGUASSUENSIS SP. NOV. ( FIGS 13 , 14 ) Type locality Parque Nacional do Iguaçu , Municipality of Foz do Iguaçu , Paraná State , Brazil . Approximate GPS coordinates: 25°33′S 54°31′W . Inside the forest, in moist moss. Material collected on 28.xii.2000 by CEFR . The species is thus far known only from its type locality . Type material Holotype : a dissected female, with valves stored dry in a micropalaeontological slide and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 16378). Paratypes : 4 females , dissected and stored like the holotype ( MZUSP 16379–82 ) ; 18 females kept in toto in ETOH ( MZUSP 16383 ) . Derivation of name Named after its type locality. Iguaçu, also spelled iguassu, means large (guassu) river (i) in the tupiguarani indigenous language. We opted for spelling C. iguassuensis (with double ‘s’, instead of ‘c’) because of its more accurate pronunciation. In addition, this alternative spelling (iguassu) exists in the literature concerning tupi-guarani language, even though it is not the official name of the locality. Diagnosis Second segment (S3) of A1 without long dorso-apical seta; third segment (S4 + S5) with dorso-apical seta not reaching tip of terminal segment. Penultimate segment of A2 without dorso-lateral seta. Description Cp reniform, slightly convex, narrow in dorsal view, LV overlapping RV along the anterior, posterior and ventral margins. Cp in dorsal and ventral views elongate, with pointed extremities and nearly straight, parallel sides over most of the length, greatest width situated in the middle. Calcified inner lamella narrow on both anterior and posterior sides, both valves with well-developed inner list along (but not on) the inner margin. RV and LV ( Fig. 13A, B ) subequal, with narrowly rounded anterior margin, slightly ventrally produced, rounded dorsal margin, more broadly rounded in the posterior part, caudal margin more broadly rounded than anterior one and ventral margin sinuous. Fused zone more developed anteriorly, with straight pore canals, 4 central muscle scars, large fulcral point, mandibular scars small and elongated. Hinge adont. Most appendages with reduction in number of segments and number and length of claws and setae. A1 ( Fig. 13C ) 5-segmented; first segment (1 + 2) with 1 dorsal seta and 2 ventral setae; second segment (S3) without any setae, third segment (S4 + S5) with dorsoapical seta not reaching tip of terminal segment; fourth segment (S6 + S7) with 1 long and 1 shorter dorso-apical setae, terminal segment (S8) with 3 apical setae (1 long, 1 half as long, 1 very short) and 1 lateral aesthetasc, the latter about twice as long as the segment. A2 ( Fig. 13D ) with exopodite consisting of 1 long seta, 1 short seta and small and short, compact organ; first endopodal segment with 2 unequal ventro-apical setae and Y-aesthetasc of normal length, natatory setae fully absent; penultimate segment of endopode without dorso-apical setae, but with 2 ventro-apical seta, 2 short z-setae, 2 long claws (here homologized with G1 and G3) and 1 short claw (G2); terminal segment with claw GM large and Gm half as long, aesthetasc y3 basally fused with slightly longer accompanying seta. Md palp ( Fig. 13E, F ) with reduced chaetotaxy: first palp-segment with respiratory plate well developed, with at least 4 rays; ventrally with seta s2 very small, s1 well developed, accompanying seta longer and smooth, alpha-seta small and slender; second palp segment with 2 long seta, 2 of intermediate length and 1 short and slender beta-seta; third segment with 2 medio-dorsal setae, 3 ventro-apical setae and 1 medioapical gamma seta; terminal segment with 2 hirsute claws and 2 short setae. Figure 13. Caaporacandona iguassuensis gen. et sp. nov. , female. A. LV, iv (MZUSP 16378). B. RV, iv (idem). C. A1 (MZUSP 16380). D. A2 (MZUSP 16381). E. Md coxa (MZUSP 16380). F. Md palp (idem). G. Mx1 palp (MZUSP 16379). Scale bars = 50 µm for A, B; 10 µm for C–G. Figure 14. Caaporacandona iguassuensis gen. et sp. nov. , female. A. T1 (MZUSP 16380). B. T2 (MZUSP 16378). C. T3 (idem). D. CR (idem). E. End of body (MZUSP 16382). Scale bars = 10 µm. Mx1-palp ( Fig. 13G ) with 3 long apical setae on first segment, 3 setae on rectangular terminal segment. T1-palp ( Fig. 14A ) with 3 apical setae, respiratory plate reduced; endite with about 8 unequal setae, setae a, b and d long and stout. T2 ( Fig. 14B ) a walking leg, setae d1 and d2 missing, penultimate segment divided and with 2 unequal ventro-apical setae; terminal segment rectangular, with apical claw long and slender and with 1 apical and 1 subapical seta. T3 ( Fig. 14C ) with 1 seta on basipodite; segments 1 and 2 + 3 devoid of setae; terminal segment (4) with 1 apical claw and 2 (sub)apical setae. CR ( Fig. 14D ) stout, proximal seta long, distally inserted, i.e. close to proximal claw; with 2 stout and serrated endclaws and a distal seta of intermediate length. End of body ( Fig. 14E ) a slender seta. Male unknown. Measurements (approximate values, in µ m) MZUSP 16378: L = 330, H = 150 for both valves. Remark : due to decalcification of the material, no SEM illustrations are available.