Gynocladius scalpellosus n. gen., n. sp. from Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) Author Mendes, H. F. Author Saether, O. A. Author Andrade-Morraye, M. text Zootaxa 2005 979 1 12 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.171353 d2803e42-330e-47c5-8b20-064c21ea0afe 1175­5326 171353 Gynocladius scalpellosus sp. n. ( Figs. 2–4 ) Type material: Holotype female with larval and pupal exuviae: BRAZIL : São Paulo State, Guapiara city, Parque Estadual Intervales, Lajeado de Cima, temporary pool, 24º16’43” S ; 48º26’32” W , 820 m . a.s.l. 29.IV.2001 , reared from larva, M. A. Morraye ( MZUSP ) Paratypes : 1 female with larval and pupal skin; 1 female with larval skin; 3 females : same data as holotype ( ZMBN ). Additional material : 3 larvae and one female with larval and pupal skins, same data as holotype . Diagnostic characters : See generic diagnosis. Etymology : From Latin scalpellum , surgical knife, and ­ osus , full of, referring to the scalpellate acrostichals. Female ( n = 3, except when otherwise stated). Total length 1.29–1.34 mm . Wing length 0.82–0.91 mm . Total length/wing length 1.45–1.64. Wing length/length of profemur 2.43–2.47. Coloration: uniformly dark yellow, antennae and tarsi greyish. FIGURE 2. Gynocladius scalpellosus sp. n. , female imago. A, thorax (lateral); B, cibarial pump, stipes, tentorium, and palp; C, wing; D, genitalia, dorsal view; E, genitalia, ventral view; F, ventrolateral lobe of gonapophysis VIII; G, dorsomesal lobe of gonapophysis VIII. Head. Flagellomeres length (in µm): 64–66; 27–41; 43–46; 25–37; 55. Pedicel 34–37 µm long, 48–50 µm wide. Temporal setae 7–8; including 2 inner verticals; 3 outer verticals; and 2–3 postorbitals. Clypeus with 16–20 setae. Tentorium, stipes, and cibarial pump as in Fig. 2 B. Tentorium 87–96 µm long; 7–10 µm wide. Stipes 87 µm long; 27 µm wide (1). Palpomere lengths (in µm): 16–18; 20–25; 46–48; 48; 80–89. Third palpomere with 1–3 non­grouped sensilla clavata in apical one­third, 14–17 µm long. Thorax ( Fig. 2 A). Antepronotum with 4–8 setae. Acrostichals 7–13 scalpellate, plus 2 anterior simple; dorsocentrals 12–26, starting close to antepronotum; prealars 3–5. Scutellum with 6–9 setae. Wing ( Fig. 2 C). VR 1.38–1.41. C extension 94–115 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 seta; C extension with 15–25 non–marginal setae; R with 11–13 setae; R1 with 11–25; R4+5 with 20–22; M bare; M1+2 with 28–29; M3+4 with 14–15; Cu with 11–13; Cu1 with 7–9; Pcu 7– 12 and An with 13–15. Cell r4+5 with 52–68 setae; m with 10–15; m1+2 with 106–128; m3+4 with 37; cu with 8–17 setae; an with 96–99. Legs. Spur of front tibia 20–22 µm long; spurs of middle tibia 14–16 µm and 18–27 µm long; spurs of hind tibia 15–16 µm and 27–30 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 20–22 µm; of middle tibia 22–25 µm; of hind tibia 27–32 µm. Comb with 8–10 setae, longest 22–27 µm and shortest 14–20 µm. Lengths and proportions of legs as follows ( n = 1–2):

fe	ti	ta1	ta2	ta3	ta4	ta5	LR	BV	SV	BR
P1	338–346	346–371	230–256	104–122	54–94	36–40	29	0.62–0.74	3.30–4.24	2.68–3.11	2.5–2.7
P2	371–374	302–338	169	76	50	25	25	0.53	4.50	4.11	3.7
P3	389–403	375–428	198–202	97–101	79	32	25	0.51–0.53	3.54	3.84–3.95	2.6–3.1

Genitalia ( Fig. 2 D–G, n = 1). Sternite VIII with 14 setae. Gonocoxite with 12 setae. Tergite IX undivided, with about 18 setae. Cercus 37 µm long, 16 µm wide. Seminal capsule 59 µm long, including 21 µm long neck, maximum width 34 µm. Spermathecal ducts straight for most of distance, but with loops close to seminal capsule. Notum 147 µm long. Pupa ( n = 2). Total length 2.19 mm (1). Exuviae pale, nearly transparent. Cephalothorax (1) ( Fig. 3 A). Frontal apotome smooth. Ocular field apparently with 2 postorbitals, each approximately 16 µm long. Antennal sheath smooth. Two median antepronotals 25 and 15 µm long, respectively, one lateral antepronotal 35 µm long. Precorneals as in Fig. 3 A, each 25, 22, and 16 µm long, respectively, all grouped together. Dorsocentrals each approximately 12 µm long, prealar 34 µm long. Abdomen ( Fig. 3 B). Numbers of caudal spines on tergites II–VIII as follows: 13–17; 18–20; 20–23; 20–24; 21–25; 18–21; 9–15. Length (in µm) of the longest caudal spine on tergites II–VIII (in µm) as follows: 11–13; 9–13; 13–16; 16–14; 16; 13; 11. Anal lobe ( Fig 3 C) 153–157 µm long, with 3 macrosetae, respectively 71–76, 80–82, and 89–92 µm long. Distance from apex of genital sac to apex of anal lobe 41–46 µm. FIGURE 3. Gynocladius scalpellosus sp. n. , pupa. A, cephalothorax (lateral); B, tergites (setae on segments I–II, omitted); C, anal lobe (ventral view). Larva ( n = 1–2) fourth instar. Head capsule 227–245 µm long. Postmentum 48–53 µm long. Colour of thoracic segments brown, head and abdomen amber yellow. Head. Antenna as in Fig. 4 A; segment lengths in µm: 23, 9, 3, 7, 3. Blade 34 µm long, longer than flagellum; apical style of second segment 5 µm long. Seta I plumose ( Fig. 4 B), other setae simple. Premandible as in Fig. 4 C, 30–34 µm long. Mandible ( Fig. 4 D) 71–74 µm long, with apical tooth and four inner teeth, fourth tooth fused with mola; seta subdentalis slender; seta interna with four branches. Mentum ( Fig. 4 E) 53–55 µm wide, with irregular, 7–9 µm long median tooth, and five lateral teeth. FIGURE 4. Gynocladius scalpellosus sp. n. , larva. A, antenna; B, Seta I; C, premandible; D, mandible; E, mentum. Abdomen without distinct setae. Anterior parapods fused, with numerous claws, all simple; posterior parapods not measurable. Supraanal seta approximately 46 µm (1) long. Procerci 7 µm wide, 7µm long; with 4 setae, shortest 50 µm long, longest 71 µm long. Anal tubules not measurable.