Description of a new genus and two new species of the funnel-web mygalomorph (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Macrothelidae) from China with notes on taxonomic amendments
Author
Tang, Ya-Ni
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali 671000, China. & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D Dali 671000, China.
Author
Wu, Ya-Ying
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali 671000, China. & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D Dali 671000, China.
Author
Zhao, Yu
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali 671000, China. & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D Dali 671000, China.
Author
Yang, Zi-Zhong
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali 671000, China. & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R & D Dali 671000, China.
text
Zootaxa
2022
2022-04-13
5125
5
513
535
journal article
56017
10.11646/zootaxa.5125.5.3
77b9c11a-7976-4567-9b10-003b39e3eea5
1175-5326
6457317
6983B9C9-7AD7-49AD-8D4E-C3B4F25B2CEC
Genus
Vacrothele
gen. nov.
Chinese name:
(
ffiǖAM
)
Type
species:
Macrothele hunanica
(
Zhu & Song, 2000
)
comb. nov.
, by original designation.
Etymology:
The scientific name is a combination of letters inspired by
Macrothele
; the gender is feminine.
Diagnosis:
All species have the common characteristics of
Macrothelidae
, such as fovea transverse; labium and maxillae provided with numerous cuspules; sternum with three pairs of sigilla. In
Macrothele
, some species such as
M. gigas
Shimojana &Haupt, 1998
,
M. guizhouensis
Hu & Li, 1986
,
M. monocirculata
Xu & Yin, 2000
,
M. raveni
Zhu, Li & Song, 2000
have lateral paddle spines of basal palp coxa absent in all species of
Vacrothele
. Males can be easily distinguished from males of
Macrothele
by the possession of a trumpet-shape end of the embolus (
Fig. 3G
,
6H
,
9H
,
11H
,
13H
), palp tibia with stout dorsal spines (
Fig. 3J–L
,
6J–L
,
9J–L
,
11J–L
,
13J–L
), whereas in
Macrothele
, the terminal of the embolus is aciform, palp tibia with longer but no stout spines and arrangement of spines is not so regular. Additionally, in
Vacrothele
, male tibia II usually with 5-9 thick long ventral spines on the middle, arrangement regular (
Fig. 17
). Females differ from those of
Macrothele
by copulatory aperture is wide at base, tapering gradually from base to distal end (
Fig. 18
). PMS white; PLS slenderness, basal, distal end white (
Fig. 3C
,
4C
,
6I
,
7D
,
9I
,
10E
,
11D
,
12B
,
13B
,
14C
).
Description: Male
. Small. Carapace dark chestnut, smooth. Fovea transverse. Both eye rows recurved. Chelicerae light black with 12 stout promarginal teeth plus three small teeth (
Fig. 16A
). Palp tibia incrassate, with 10 stout dorsal spines (
Fig. 3J–L
), embolus thick and long, tapering from base to end (
Fig. 3D–F
), end trumpet-shaped (
Fig. 3G
); labium and maxillae chestnut with numerous cuspules (
Fig. 3I
). Sternum with three pairs of sigilla (
Fig. 3H
). Legs: coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus chestnut, tarsus brown; no lyra spines on palp coxa. Leg II tibia with five thick long ventral spines (
Fig. 17A
); STC with curved row of long teeth; ITC curved (
Fig. 3B
); spinnerets terminal segment of posterior laterals white (
Fig. 3C
).
Female:
Carapace dark chestnut, smooth. Fovea transverse. Both eye rows recurved. Chelicerae black; labium, maxillae, light brown with numerous cuspules (
Fig. 4D
). Sternum with three pairs of sigilla (
Fig. 4E
). Legs coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus chestnut, tarsus brown. STC with curved row of long teeth; ITC curved, with few fine teeth (
Fig. 4B
). Copulatory aperture wide at base, tapering gradually from base to distal end, spermathecae finger shaped (
Fig. 18A
). Spinneret base and terminal segments white (
Fig. 4C
).
Composition:
This new genus includes two new species:
V
.
pseudohunanica
sp. nov.
,
V
.
uncata
sp. nov.
and three new transfers from
Macrothele
:
V
.
hunanica
(
Zhu & Song, 2000
)
comb. nov.
,
V
.
digitata
(
Chen & Jiang, 2020
)
comb. nov.
,
V
.
palpator
(
Pocock, 1901
)
comb. nov.
.
Distribution:
China
(
Anhui
,
Guangxi
,
Chongqing
,
Guizhou
,
Sichuan
,
Hunan
,
Yunnan
).