Male terminalia morphology of sixteen species of the Drosophila saltans group Sturtevant (Diptera, Drosophilidae) Author Roman, Bruna Emilia São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Author Madi-Ravazzi, Lilian 0000-0002-6250-0794 São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. & lilian. madi @ unesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6250 - 0794 lilian.madi@unesp.br text Zootaxa 2021 2021-11-05 5061 3 523 544 journal article 3564 10.11646/zootaxa.5061.3.7 c4a3ab5c-5976-4f9b-a21c-d4903aca6390 1175-5326 5649958 8C2F06C6-BF5C-450F-8098-66CEE68709BC Drosophila neosaltans Pavan e Magalhães in Pavan, 1950 ( Fig. 15 ) Non-type material. Strains H 1 ( Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ): 21 males dissected; and AG (Aguaí, Santa Catarina , Brazil ): 15 males dissected . Male terminalia. Although this species belongs to the elliptica subgroup, it is the one that most differs from the others in its subgroup. The epandrium does not present the epandrial ventral processes in the ventral region; instead, this region displays two small saliences ( Fig. 15C ). The epandrial extensions are very similar to those of D. emarginata and D. neoelliptica ( Fig.15C, D ). Each surstylus has approximately 34 surstylar teeth, irregularly arranged throughout the internal region, plus 7 thinner primary teeth arranged in a row and a tuft of long surstylar bristles ( Fig. 15B–D ). The hypandrium is similar to D. emarginata and D. neoelliptica , elongated and thin, however, the bristles are located at the end of each side of the median gonocoxite ( Fig. 15C ). The aedeagus is the smallest of this subgroup and the apex does not end in a hook shape, but in a cylindrical shape, forming a groove at its end ( Fig. 15A–E ). The dorsal portion of the aedeagus is covered by long scales-like structures ( Fig. 15A, D ). As in D. neoelliptica , this species has a structure called aedeagal ventral crest, but this structure is formed by two isolated protuberances on the central and ventral axis of the aedeagus and it is covered with scales ( Fig. 15A, E ). The lateral postgonites are smaller and taper at the extremity ( Fig. 15A, D, E ). The pregonites are not fused and have a bristle at each end ( Fig. 15E ).