A revision of Centaurea sect. Phaeopappus (Asteraceae, Cardueae) Author Ranjbar, Massoud Author Negaresh, Kazem text Phytotaxa 2013 123 1 1 40 https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/0fce1b4f-9c02-3b8f-bc50-81772217c4bf/ journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.123.1.1 1179-3163 5084944 Key to the species of Centaurea sect. Phaeopappus 1 Capitula arranged in a raceme; involucres < 15 mm wide; appendages entire or irregularly denticulate C. stapfiana – Capitula solitary; involucres> 15 mm wide; appendages ciliate ............................................................................... 2 2 Appendages never decurrent ....................................................................................................................................... 3 – Appendages sometimes shortly decurrent on crenate margins ................................................................................... 9 3 Median and upper cauline leaves broadly decurrent .................................................................................................. 4 – Median and upper cauline leaves not decurrent .......................................................................................................... 7 4 Flowers purple ............................................................................................................................................ C. handelii – Flowers yellow or white .............................................................................................................................................. 5 5 Median and upper cauline leaves obtuse at apex; upper cauline leaves slightly longer than capitula; involucres ca. 20 mm long .................................................................................................................................................. C. obtusifolia – Median and upper cauline leaves acute or acuminate at apex; upper cauline leaves almost shorter than capitula; involucres (25–) 30–40 mm long ........................................................................................................................................ 6 6 Plant glabrous; basal and lower leaves undivided; spine 3–7 mm long; achenes brown or dark brown and 6–8 mm long; pappus straw-coloured to brownish, 10–14 mm long ..................................................................... C. albonitens – Plant loosely floccose-tomentose; basal and lower leaves lyrate; spine 5–12 mm long; achenes deep purple and 10– 11 mm long; pappus deep violet, 5–7 mm long ....................................................................................... C. heratensis 7 Plant 10–25 cm tall; stem erect to ascending or suberect; basal and lower leaves 10–12 cm long; synflorescence 3–4- cephalous; cilia ca. 1 mm long ............................................................................................................... C . microlopha – Plant 30–70(–80) cm tall; stem erect; basal and lower leaves (22–) 26–40 cm long; synflorescence 1(–2)-cephalous; cilia 3–5 mm long ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 8 Plant arachnoid-canescent; all leaves undivided; cauline leaves broadly lanceolate to elliptic, obtuse to subacute at apex; appendages straw-coloured to light brown ....................................................................................... C. hellwigii – Plant tomentose-canescent; basal and lower leaves divided; cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong, short acuminate or mucronate at apex; appendages blackish-brown ..................................................................................... C. spectabilis 9 Involucres subglobose, 25–35 mm wide ............................................................................................... C. farsistanica – Involucres oblong or ovoid, (17–) 20–25 mm wide .................................................................................................. 10 10 Flowers purple or dark wine-red ............................................................................................................................... 11 – Flowers yellow .......................................................................................................................................................... 12 11 Involucres 20–23 mm long; cilia 5–9 on each side; spine 3–5 mm long, brownish or whitish .................... C. assadii – Involucres 27–32 mm long; cilia 7–15 on each side; spine (3–) 4–8 mm long, dark brown to blackish ....................... ............................................................................................................................................................ C. daralagoezica 12 Terminal spine 4–11 mm long; appendages concealing a major part of phyllaries; leaves almost pinnatisect or pinnatipartite .................................................................................................................................................. C. phaeopappa – Terminal spine 2–5 mm long; appendages only partly concealing the basal part of phyllaries; leaves often simple or with few divisions ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 13 Stem erect; basal leaves shorter than stem; upper cauline leaves shorter than capitula; pappus 13–16 mm long ........ .................................................................................................................................................................. C. indistincta – Stem arcuate-ascending or suberect, sometimes strongly abbreviated; basal leaves almost longer than stem; upper cauline leaves longer than capitula; pappus ca. 22–24 mm long ................................................................. C. aucheri