Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan Author Shimizu, So Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552 parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com Author Broad, Gavin R. Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333 Author Maeto, Kaoru Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan text ZooKeys 2020 990 1 144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542 1313-2970-990-1 7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704 9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4 Enicospilus puncticulatus Tang, 1990 Figure 37 Enicospilus puncticulatus Tang, 1990: 128; HT ♀ from China, FAFU, not examined. Specimens examined. Total of 31 specimens (24♀♀7♂♂): Japan (22♀♀6♂♂), Taiwan (2♀♀1♂). Distribution. Oriental region ( Tang 1990 ); new to the Eastern Palaearctic region. Newly recorded from Japan. JAPAN: [ Hokkaido ]; [Hokuriku] Niigata; [ Kanto-Koshin ] Tochigi, Nagano, Yamanashi, and Saitama; [Kinki] Hyogo ; [Shikoku] Kochi ; [ Kyushu ] Fukuoka. Bionomics. Unknown. Differential diagnosis. This species is most similar to E. pseudopuncticulatus sp. nov., but easily distinguished by the rounded central sclerite and more or less curved fore wing vein 1cu-a, as in Fig. 37F . Furthermore, E. puncticulatus resembles E. melanocarpus , but can be distinguished by the usually separated proximal and distal sclerites (Fig. 37F ) (proximal and distal sclerites strongly confluent in E. melanocarpus , as in Fig. 28F ) and entirely testaceous metasoma (Fig. 37A ) (posterior metasomal segments almost always black in E. melanocarpus , as in Fig. 28A ). Remarks. Specimens with various shapes of sclerites of the fore wing fenestra but which are very similar in sculpture are identified as this species by the key provided by Tang (1990) . It has proved impossible to segregate morphospecies based on discrete differences in sclerites, and our DNA barcodes differ by less than 1%; if E. puncticulatus represents a species complex, it seems that the CO1 gene is not useful for delimiting species in this complex. Figure 37. Enicospilus puncticulatus Tang, 1990 ♀ from Japan A habitus B head, frontal view C head, dorsal view D head, lateral view E mesosoma, lateral view F central part of fore wing.