Integrative taxonomy and analysis of species richness patterns of nocturnal Darwin wasps of the genus Enicospilus Stephens (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Japan
Author
Shimizu, So
Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan & DC and Overseas Challenge Program for Young Researchers, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan & Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-4552
parasitoidwasp.sou@gmail.com
Author
Broad, Gavin R.
Depertment of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7223-5333
Author
Maeto, Kaoru
Laboratory of Insect Biodiversity and Ecosystem Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1 - 1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657 - 8501, Japan
text
ZooKeys
2020
990
1
144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.990.55542
1313-2970-990-1
7B73642C278D40F89091B26213C9A704
9F51F78CD53F5005A305DE65494002C4
Enicospilus kunigamiensis Shimizu
sp. nov.
Figure 23
Etymology.
The specific name is derived from the type locality.
Type series.
A holotype female only.
HT: ♀, Benoki, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami County,
Okinawa-honto
, Okinawa Pref.,
Ryukyus
, JAPAN, 9.IV.1996, M. Aoyagi leg. (LT) (NIAES).
Distribution.
Oriental region.
JAPAN: [
Ryukyus
] Okinawa.
Bionomics.
Unknown.
Differential diagnosis.
This species is similar to
E. matsumurai
sp. nov. but easily distinguishable by the number of antennal flagellomeres (i.e., antenna with 54 flagellomeres in
E. kunigamiensis
sp. nov. but 59-60 in
E. matsumurai
sp. nov.), value of ICI (i.e., ICI = 0.4 in
E. kunigamiensis
sp. nov. but 0.7-0.8 in
E. matsumurai
sp. nov.), length of lateral longitudinal carinae of scutellum (i.e., lateral longitudinal carinae along anterior 0.2 of scutellum in
E. kunigamiensis
sp. nov. but more than 0.8 in
E. matsumurai
sp. nov.), body size (body length ca. 23.0 mm in
E. kunigamiensis
sp. nov. but 28.0-30.5 mm in
E. matsumurai
sp. nov.), etc. However, the detailed affinities of
E. kunigamiensis
sp. nov. are unknown.
Description.
Female (HT). Body length ca. 23.0 mm.
Head with GOI = 2.5 (Fig.
23D
). Lower face 0.7
x
as wide as high, strongly shiny, and smooth with fine setae (Fig.
23B
). Clypeus 1.4
x
as wide as high, smooth, moderately convex in profile, and ventral margin acute (Fig.
23B, D
). Malar space 0.2
x
as long as basal mandibular width (Fig.
23B, D
). Mandible twisted by ca. 30°, moderately long, evenly rather strongly narrowed, outer surface smooth (Fig.
23B, D
). Upper tooth of mandible 1.4
x
as long as lower. Frons, vertex and gena strongly shiny with fine setae (Fig.
23B-D
). Posterior ocellus almost touching eye (Fig.
23B-D
). Ventral end of occipital carina not joining oral carina. Antennae with 54 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.9
x
as long as second; 20th flagellomere 1.7
x
as long as wide.
Mesosoma entirely strongly shiny with setae (Fig.
23E
). Pronotum finely diagonally striate (Fig.
23E
). Mesoscutum 1.4
x
as long as maximum width, strongly shiny and finely punctate with setae, and evenly rounded in profile (Fig.
23E
). Notauli absent (Fig.
23E
). Scutellum moderately convex, rather weakly shiny, punctate, with lateral longitudinal carinae along anterior 0.2 of scutellum. Epicnemium densely punctate with setae. Epicnemial carina present, almost straight and inclined to anterior, dorsal end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig.
23E
). Dorsal part of mesopleuron smooth to finely punctate and ventral part longitudinally finely punctostriate (Fig.
23E
). Submetapleural carina broadened anteriorly (Fig.
23E
). Metapleuron moderately diagonally striate (Fig.
23E
). Propodeum declivous in profile; anterior transverse carina complete; anterior area longitudinally striate; spiracular area smooth; posterior area moderately rugose; propodeal spiracle elliptical and not joining pleural carina by ridge (Fig.
23E
).
Wings (Fig.
23F
). Fore wing length ca. 16.0 mm with AI = 0.7, CI = 0.3, DI = 0.3, ICI = 0.4, SDI = 1.1, SI = 0.1, SRI = 0.3; vein 1m-cu&M almost evenly curved; vein 2r&RS almost straight; vein RS rather evenly curved; fenestra and sclerites of discosubmarginal cell as in Fig.
23F
; proximal sclerite triangular, faintly confluent with distal sclerite, strongly pigmented; central sclerite not well-delimited and pigmented part suboval, positioned in anterodistal part of fenestra; distal sclerite vestigial; proximal corner of marginal cell evenly setose; posterodistal corner of second discal cell ca. 100° and of subbasal cell ca. 70°; vein 1cu-a antefurcal to M&RS by 0.1
x
length of 1cu-a. Hind wing with NI = 2.3; vein RS straight; vein RA with 7 uniform hamuli.
Legs. Hind leg with coxa in profile 1.8
x
as long as deep; basitarsus 1.9
x
as long as second tarsomere; fourth tarsomere 3.1
x
as long as wide; tarsal claw simply pectinate.
Metasoma with DMI = 1.4, PI = 3.2, THI = 3.5; thyridium oval; ovipositor sheath not longer than posterior depth of metasoma (Fig.
23A
).
Colour (Fig.
23
). Longitudinal vittae of mesoscutum and metasoma red-brown; apex of mandible black, otherwise whitish yellow. Wings weakly infuscate; sclerites pigmented and amber; vein dark reddish brown.
Male. Unknown.
Figure 23.
Enicospilus kunigamiensis
Shimizu, sp. nov. ♀ (HT) from Japan
A
habitus
B
head, frontal view
C
head, dorsal view
D
head lateral view
E
mesosoma, lateral view
F
central part of fore wing.