New names in Monotagma (Marantaceae) Author Hagberg, Mats Author Eriksson, Roger text Phytotaxa 2011 2011-03-01 20 1 1 25 http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.20.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.20.1.1 1179-3163 4776634 1. Monotagma grallatum Hagberg & R.Erikss. , sp. nov. Synflorescentia congesta M. spicati et M. ovati similis , sed ab eis differt capsula majore (14–15 vs. 9–12 mm longa); differt fere a M. spicato internodio primo florescentiae longiore (0.8–1.1 vs. 0.3–0.9 cm ) et corollae tubo longiore (21–27 vs. 17–23 mm ); differt fere a M. ovato pedicello longiore (1.5–1.4 vs. 1.0– 1.5 mm ) et lobis corollae brevioribus (4.5–5.5 vs. 5.5–8.0 mm). Type :— BRAZIL . Espírito Santo : reserve of the Companhia do Vale do Rio Doce , E of BR-101, 20 km N of Linhares , ca 2 km E of administration buildings, 20 February 1986 , Andersson , Hagberg & Mattos Silva 1715 ( holotype CEPEC , isotypes GB , INPA , S , US ). Herb 0.4–1.7 m tall. Rhizomes of mature shoots trailing partly above ground (to ca 40 cm ) and supported by “stilt” roots, branched to form clusters of 3–30 shoots, each shoot bearing 0–13 irregularly arranged to ± distichous basal leaves. Leaf sheath (7–) 9–36 cm long, with scarious reddish margins, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, appressed-hirsute to rarely appressed-hirtellous throughout, the sheath margins tapering in broad bows to petiole; petiole (6.6–)12–44(–53) cm long, terete or laterally ± flattened, with an adaxial groove, puberulent or ± glabrous; pulvinus (1.3–)2.1–4.6(–5.1) cm long, laterally ± flattened, puberulent adaxially, a prominent hirtellous annulus present at transition to petiole; blade narrowly ovate to elliptic, chartaceous to coriaceous, base obtuse to truncate, very rarely cuneate, apex acuminate to caudate, centric or oblique (apex displacement 0–5.2 cm ), (21–)26–47 × (4–) 7–22 cm , length from base to broadest part 7–17 cm , adaxial surface not papillose, puberulent to hirtellous along midrib, major lateral veins and margins, and at apex, abaxial surface not papillose, glabrous or rarely appressed-puberulent at apex. Synflorescence 2–6- nodate with 4–25(–35) florescences, each node with a bladeless sheath, lowermost 3.2–8.3(–13) cm long, first internode 2.2–4.7(–5.3) cm long, peduncle (9.5–)12–21(–25) cm long, appressed-hirsute to appressedhirtellous or rarely glabrous to slightly puberulent. Main florescence 7.3–17.5 cm long, with 8–24 ± unilaterally arranged bracts, first internode 0.8–1.1 cm long, peduncle 0.9–1.3(–1.6) cm long; lowermost bract 2.4–3.2 × 0.8–1.0 cm long, dull orange, subcoriaceous, puberulent to hirtellous at apex and along margins or rarely throughout; first prophyll 14–18 mm long, puberulent to hirtellous on back and at apex, rarely hirtellous at base or glabrous, ecarinate; interphylls and bracteoles absent. Flowers 4–6 per bract; pedicel 1.5–4 mm long; ovary 2–3.5 mm long, puberulent apically or rarely throughout; sepals 12–19 × 2.5–3.5 mm , white; corolla tube 21–27 × 1–1.5 mm , whitish, outside glabrous or rarely slightly hirtellous towards lobes, inside hirsute except for a glabrous basal portion or at least hirsute in mouth, lobes 4–5.5 × 2.5–3 mm , whitish; outer staminode 5.5–7 × 2–3.5 mm , narrowly obovate, purplish, very rarely two ± equal staminodes, apex usually entire; stamen 4–5 mm long, appendage tapering to base of theca, theca 1–1.5 mm long; inner staminodes whitish to purplish; callose staminode 4.5–5.5 × 3–5 mm , fleshy throughout, with a shelf-shaped callus at 2.5– 3 mm from apex; cucullate staminode 4–5 mm long, appendage 1–1.5 mm long; style 4–5 mm long (untripped), or 3–4 mm long (tripped). Capsule 14–15 × ca 3.5 mm ; seed 12.5–14.5 × 3–3.5 mm ; aril 2.5–3.5 mm long, with two flattened unilateral lobes. Discussion :— Monotagma grallatum is similar to M. spicatum and M. ovatum , from which it differs by having longer capsules (14–15 vs. 9–12 mm ) and longer seeds (12–15 vs. 8–11 mm ). It also differs from M. spicatum by usually having a longer first florescence internode (0.8–1.1 vs. 0.3–0.9 cm ) and longer corolla tubes (21–27 vs. 17–23 mm ), and from M. ovatum by having longer pedicels (1.5–4 vs. 1–1.5 mm ) and shorter corolla lobes (4–5.5 vs. 5.5–8 mm ). Monotagma grallatum consists of two ± allopatric morphotypes which differ in leaf shape. The northern morphotype has small (21–29 × 4–11 cm ), narrowly ovate to very narrowly ovate, centric to subcentric leaves, whereas the southern morphotype has large (36–47 × 16–22 cm ), elliptic to ovate, ± distinctly oblique leaves. Since they do not show any differences in synflorescence and flower morphology, or habitat, and since they have ± allopatric distributions, we recognize them as subspecies.