A review of pygal-furrowed Synallactidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea), with new species from the Antarctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans Author O'Loughlin, P. Mark Author Ahearn, Cynthia text Memoirs of Museum Victoria 2005 2005-12-31 62 2 147 179 https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-62-issue-2-2005/pages-147-179/ journal article 10.24199/j.mmv.2005.62.5 1447-2554 12208025 Molpadiodemas morbillus sp. nov. Figures 5a–d , 8a–d Material examined . Holotype . Antarctic Ocean , South Shetland Is , Bransfield Strait , Livingston I. , 62°38'S , 59°37'W , 681–1409 m , RV Eltanin , USARP Cr 6 stn 430, 7 Jan 1963 , USNM E48647 . Paratypes . Type locality and date, USNM 1008093 (31) ; NMV F101866 (5). Other material. Scotia Sea, 55°01'– 59°37'S , 26°00'– 45°05'W , 1071–3040 m , USNM E48601 (4); E48653 (3); E49243 (10) ; NMV F101865 (3) ; USNM E49251 (1); E49253 (12); E49254 (49) ; NMV F101867 (5) ; USNM 1008094–1008096 (7); 1022457 (9); 1022461 (1); South Sandwich Trench , 5350 m , USNM 1071583 (8); South Shetland Is , 884–935 m , USNM 1005127 (2); 2119–2562 m , E48569 (1); W of Elephant I., 2672–3020 m , E48625 (1); N of Amundsen Sea , 4682 m , USNM 1022460 (1); 4866–4881 m , E48649 (2); 4709 m , E48650 (1); NW of Amundsen Sea , 4575–4813 m , E48631 (1). Description . Up to 143 mm long; body tapered anteriorly and posteriorly, frequently rounded in transverse section, sometimes with transverse folds and ridges; ventrolateral margin commonly rounded, sometimes with distinct serrated margin created by transverse folds; body wall firm, soft, thin (small to medium specimens) to thick (largest specimens), surface wrinkled and pustulose; some specimens with grit or globigerine attachments; complete cover of scattered small tube feet, predominantly not extended, frequently evident as a broad ventrolateral band, frequently extended and close pygally, frequently lost with loss of outer body wall, cylindrical not thread-like when extended, not villous or matted, sometimes contiguous pygally, never ventrolaterally, typically 0.5 mm long, 0.2 mm diameter pygally and when extended ventrolaterally, 0.2 mm diameter when contracted; ossicles in tentacles only, abundant to sparse to absent, irregular rods, thick to thin to wide, some perforated, frequently narrow rods with large central knob and pointed ends, some long thin rods with closely intertwined branches at ends, some with short branches, some with blunt spines, up to 300 Μm long. Colour . Body reddish-brown to brown, smallest grey, largest off-white; tube feet typically dark reddish-brown to chocolate, creating a spotted appearance. Etymology . From the Latin morbillus (measles), referring to the typically spotted body appearance created by the dark-coloured tube feet. Distribution . Amundsen Sea, Scotia Sea, 681–4881 m . Remarks . One specimen was covered by a rhizomatous epibiote with vertical tongue-like stems, that could be mistaken as a character of the species. M. morbillus is similar to M. crinitus (above), from which it is distinguished by: smaller, usually contracted, tube feet (thick and extended in M. crinitus , typically 2.0 mm long, 0.3 mm diameter, up to 3.0 mm long, 0.5 mm diameter); tube feet which are scattered and never contiguous ventrolaterally (often matted ventrolaterally in M. crinitus ); and tube feet which are darker in colour than the body wall (same colour as body wall in M. crinitus ). Table 3. Revised systematic status of the ten syntypes of Pseudostichopus villosus Théel, 1886 and variety P. villosus var. violaceus Théel, 1886 .

Challenger	BMNH Registration	Type status	Revised systematic status
stn 244	86.10.2.147	Lectotype	Molpadiodemas villosus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 157	86.10.2.155	Paralectotype	Molpadiodemas villosus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 156	86.10.2.156	Holotype	Molpadiodemas violaceus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 61	86.10.2.145 (2)	Syntypes	Molpadiodemas violaceus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 147	86.10.2.154	Syntype	Molpadiodemas violaceus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 325	86.10.2.150	Syntype	Molpadiodemas violaceus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 216	86.10.2.151	Holotype	Molpadiodemas neovillosus sp. nov.
stn 302	86.10.2.153	Syntype	Pseudostichopus? peripatus (Sluiter, 1901)
Unconfirmed (small specimens):
stn 146	86.10.2.148	Paralectotype	Molpadiodemas villosus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 156	86.10.2.146	Paralectotype	Molpadiodemas villosus ( Théel, 1886 )
stn 296	86.10.2.152	Paralectotype	Molpadiodemas villosus ( Théel, 1886 )

Amongst Molpadiodemas species , the distinguishing characters are: conspicuous ventrolateral band of small dark cylindrical tube feet which create a spotted appearance; tentacle ossicles irregularly present, frequently narrow rods, tapered at ends, with central knob; absence of gonad ossicles.