A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador Author Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina Author Whitfield, James B. Author Janzen, Daniel H. Author Winifred Hallwachs, Author Dyer, Lee A. Author Smith, M. Alex Author Hebert, Paul D. N. Author Fernandez-Triana, Jose L. text ZooKeys 2019 890 1 685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.890.35786 1313-2970-890-1 FD8F695311F64DF2950F6A387340BCE5 2691DADB7BA352BEBA377C901FC0AC97 Glyptapanteles eowilsoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 78 , 79 Female. Body length 2.53 mm , antenna length 2.68 mm , fore wing length 2.47 mm . Type material. Holotype : COSTA RICA • 1♀ ; 01-SRNP-1148, DHJPAR0000005; Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector El Hacha , Sendero Tigre ; 280 m ; 11.03172 , -85.52615 ; 18.ix.2001 ; Lucia Rios leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; beige short single cocoons arranged in two rows of cordwood on each side of cadaver, at right angles to the cadaver axis, cocoons adhered to the leaf; adult parasitoids emerged on 23.ix.2006 ; ( CNC ) . Paratypes . • 17 ( 5♀ , 2♂ ) (0 ♀ , 10♂ ); 01-SRNP-1148, DHJPAR0000005; same data as for holotype; ( CNC ) . Other material. Reared material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector El Hacha , Sendero Bejuquilla : • 35 ( 3♀ , 1♂ ) ( 31♀ , 0 ♂ ); 98-SRNP-13786, DHJPAR0000106; intergrade dry-rain forest; 280 m ; 11.03004 , -85.52699 ; 13.x.1998 ; Lucia Rios leg. ; small cylindrical cocoons somewhat adhered together and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 18.x.1998 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Santa Rosa , Sendero Natural : • 2 ( 2♀ , 0 ♂ ) (0 ♀ , 0 ♂ ); 03-SRNP-27829, DHJPAR0000271; dry forest; 290 m ; 10.83575 , -85.61253 ; 05.xii.2003 ; Freddy Quesada leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 22.xii.2003 ; this is apparently a case where we got both a tachinid and braconids out of the same caterpillar; the single tachinid puparium was in the litter and the braconid cocoons adhered to the leaf . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Del Oro , Quebrada Trigal : • 1 ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ) (0 ♀ , 0 ♂ ); 03-SRNP-28397, DHJPAR0000043; intergrade dry-rain forest; 290 m ; 11.02681 , -85.49547 ; 01.ix.2003 ; Roster Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; small white cocoons irregularly adhered to each other on the leaf substrate, no common spinning web; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.ix.2003 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Del Oro , Sendero Puertas : • 25 ( 5♀ , 0 ♂ ) ( 20♀ , 0 ♂ ); 10-SRNP-22472, DHJPAR0041695; intergrade dry-rain forest; 400 m ; 11.01087 , -85.48817 ; 10.xi.2010 ; Roster Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.xii.2010 . Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, Guanacaste , Sector Pitilla , Sendero Trocha : • 27 ( 3♀ , 3♂ ) ( 18♀ , 3♂ ); 09-SRNP-71062, DHJPAR0039969; rain forest; 540 m ; 10.9971 , -85.40315 ; 26.vi.2009 ; Ricardo Calero leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 04.vii.2009 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.vii.2009 . • 30 ( 5♀ , 5♂ ) ( 18♀ , 2♂ ); 09-SRNP-71063, DHJPAR0039966; same data as for preceding . Malaise-trapped material. COSTA RICA : Area de Conservacion Guanacaste , Guanacaste , Sector El Hacha , Sendero Bejuquilla : • 1 ( 1♀ , 0 ♂ ) (0 ♀ , 0 ♂ ); 99-SRNP-18935, DHJPAR0012634; intergrade dry-rain forest; 280 m ; 11.03004 , -85.52699 ; Malaise trap ; 08.iii.1999 ; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg. Diagnosis. Anteroventral contour of mesopleuron convex ( Figs 78A, E , 79A, E ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, propodeal spiracle without distal carina ( Figs 78B, C , 79B, C ), scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum ( Figs 78E , 79E ), fore wing with 2RS slightly convex, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 78J , 79H ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition ( Figs 78D, G , 79D, G ). Figure 78. Glyptapanteles eowilsoni sp. nov. female 98-SRNP-13786 DHJPAR0000106, 01-SRNP-11148 DHJPAR0000005 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T1-2, dorsolateral view F, G Metasoma F lateral view G Dorsolateral view H, I Genitalia H Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I Ovipositor detail J, K Wings J Fore K Hind. Figure 79. Glyptapanteles eowilsoni sp. nov. male 98-SRNP-13786 DHJPAR0000106, 01-SRNP-11148 DHJPAR0000005 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T1-2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F lateral view G Dorsolateral view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind. Coloration ( Fig. 78A ). Body coloration polished dark brown; all antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown); labrum, mandibles, scape, pedicel, and tegulae yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps yellow. Eyes silver and ocelli yellowish. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown coxae and claws; hind legs yellow except dark brown coxae, most of the femora, tibiae and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 with 2/3 proximal reddish brown, 1/3 distal black, contours black, and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 and beyond completely dark brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 completely yellow; T3-4 dorsally brown, but ventrally yellow; T5 and beyond brown. S1-3 yellow; S4-5 yellow, medially with a small brown area, which is more extended in S5 than S4; hypopygium completely brown; ovipositor sheath brown. Description. Head ( Fig. 78A, B, E ) Head rounded with pubescence short and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.19:0.07, 0.18:0.07, 0.18:0.07), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.12:0.05, 0.09:0.06), antenna longer than body (2.68, 2.53); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face with dense fine punctations, interspaces wavy, distal half dented only laterally and longitudinal median carina present. Frons punctate. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.14). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide. Mesosoma ( Fig. 78 A-D ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS , but not in the same plane, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM ; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation depressed centrally and with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM ; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished and with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped. Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.27, 0.16), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.10). Wings ( Fig. 78J, K ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe wide, subdistally straightened, subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally. Metasoma ( Fig. 78A, D, F-I ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.35, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.08), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.14, length T2 0.17), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.14, maximum width 0.21, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.22, 0.17) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense. Cocoons ( Fig. 4O ). White, beige or light brown oval cocoons with ordered silk fibers and covered by a net. Single oval cocoons somewhat adhered together and arranged in two rows of cordwood on each side of cadaver and adhered to the leaf substrate. Comments. Both sexes with slim bodies. Male ( Fig. 79 A-I ). Similar in coloration and shape to female. Etymology. Edward Osborne Wilson is considered to be the world's leading living authority in myrmecology. He has been called "the father of sociobiology" and "the father of biodiversity". Distribution. Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector Del Oro (Quebrada Trigal and Sendero Puertas), Sector El Hacha (Sendero Bejuquilla and Sendero Tigre), Sector Pitilla (Sendero Trocha), Sector Santa Rosa (Sendero Natural), during September 1992 , October 1998 , September and December 2003 , June 2009 , and November 2010 at 280 m , 290 m , 400 m , and 540 m in intergrade dry-rain forest and rain forest. Adult parasitoid was collected in Costa Rica , ACG, Sector El Hacha (Sendero Bejuquilla) during, March 1999 at 280 m in intergrade dry-rain forest. Biology. The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Host. Calledema plusia Felder ( Noctuidae : Nystaleinae ) ( Fig. 4O ) feeding on Hirtella americana , H. guatemalensis , H. racemosa , H. triandra and Licania arborea ( Chrysobalanaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in third and fourth instar.