Four-horned wasps, description of some remarkable Dirhinus (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) from Kenya, with a discussion of their taxonomic placement Author Delvare, Gérard Author Copeland, Robert S. text Zootaxa 2018 2018-01-19 4374 3 301 349 journal article 30968 10.11646/zootaxa.4374.3.1 c6810d7b-b8a5-4eb9-b87d-faa0b4698a8c 1175-5326 1155252 82E74B47-94C6-47A7-8CDB-477A84B55837 Dirhinus leakeyorum Delvare sp. nov. ( Figs 39 , 84 , 148–156 ) ( Tables 3 and 4 ) Registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/Nomenclatural acts/F8150591-39AC-401F-89BB-6BE65BFB26D0 Material examined . Holotype ♀ . KENYA : Eastern Province , base of Ukasi Hill , 613 m , 0.82103°S 38.54443°E , Malaise trap , Acacia-Commiphora savannah, 01-06.I.2012 , R. Copeland leg. [F08] [ NMK ]. Condition of holotype . Specimen complete, glued on rectangular card. Left wings, mid and hind leg glued separately. Etymology . This species is dedicated to the family Leakey, Mary, Louis, their son Richard and his wife Meave for their significant contribution to the knowledge of human origins and, concerning Richard, for his efforts to protect the natural spaces of Kenya . Description of female holotype . Body length 3.05 mm ( Fig. 148 ). Identical with D. quadrhinus except as follows. Head 0.93× as wide as long and 0.89× as wide as high; eye 1.29× as long as high; temple 0.65× as long as eye. In dorsal view, apex of inner horn extending past that of outer one. IHL 1.48× as long as distance from end of scrobal depression to median ocellus and 1.44× as long as ocular-ocellar distance; inner edges of inner horns diverging at an angle of 30° ( Fig. 150 ). Frontovertex 2.74× as wide as IHL. Distance between lateral ocelli 1.44× as long as inter-ocellar distance. Frons without preorbital ridge ( Fig. 149, 151 ). Mandible with 4 long setae in each groove. Clypeus with one long proclinate seta on each side ( Fig. 151 ). Antenna ( Fig. 152 ). Combined length of pedicel plus flagellum 0.94× as long as head width. Pedicel 1.67× as long as wide. Second flagellomere 0.75× as long as wide, 8th segment 0.61× as long as wide and 1.64× as wide as 2nd segment. Mesosoma 1.55× as long as wide with mesoscutellum 0.90× as long as wide. Lateral panel of pronotum coarsely and irregularly punctured. Propodeum with anteromedian areola shorter than wide without median carina inside; no median carina following it ( Fig. 155 ); no secondary areolation on sublateral areolae, only folds visible. Upper crests on femoral groove of mesepisternum faint anteriorly. Metatibia with 10 short and adpressed setae in 2 rows along outer edge of tarsal sulcus ( Fig. 153 ). Fore wing 2.58× as long as wide; marginal vein 0.74× as long as costal cell ( Fig. 154 ). Marginal cell with 13 setae, some of which are distributed in a row in front of Rs. Metasoma . Petiole with dorsal surface 0.64× as long as wide, rising strongly upwards and emarginate anteriorly, its sides diverging weakly posteriorly; petiole with distinct submedian carinae which delimit a median sulcus ( Fig. 156 ). Gaster short, 1.86× as long as wide. First tergite 0.68× as long as gaster, with 6 primary and 12 secondary longitudinal ridges on strigose surface. Posterior margins of tergites 2–4 straight. Male . Unknown. Diagnosis . Preorbital ridge absent. Inner horns only moderately long with their inner edges forming an angle of 30°. Pedicel short. Petiole strongly sloping backwards and with distinct submedian carinae delimiting a median sulcus. Gaster somewhat shorter than mesosoma. Recognition . This species may be recognized by the absence of the extremely long setae found in D. gigasetosus ; preorbital ridge absent (present in the other species without long setae); inner edges of inner horns diverging at an angle of 30° (18° in D. quadrhinus ); pedicel shorter than the other species without very long setae on body; flagellum somewhat more clavate than other species; dorsal surface of petiole sloping strongly backwards ……continued on the next page with a distinct submedian carinae delimiting a median sulcus (submedian carinae and median sulcus absent in D. maasaii ). FIGURES 148–156 . Dirhinus ( Dirhinus ) leakeyorum , holotype ♀ (F08). 148 . Habitus in lateral view. 149–151 . Head respectively in lateral, dorsal and laterofrontal views. 152 . Antenna. 153 . Metatibia in laterodorsal view. 154 . Fore wing. 155 . Propodeum. 156 . Petiole in posterodorsal view. FIGURE 157 . Map of Kenya showing Malaise trap sites at which quadrhinus group species were collected (large black squares) or were not collected (smaller, black circles). Only those sites where Malaise traps were run for at least three consecutive months are included. Climatic areas in colour, illustrating the range of moisture zones (Sombroek et al. 1982), are overlaid on the geolocation data. TABLE 3 . Measurements of specimens belonging to new species (µm). Abbreviations . F , female. HT , holotype. M , male. PT , paratype.

Measured parts \ Species	Dirhinus quadrhinus (HT = F01)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (HT = F06)	Dirhinus kambae (HT = F02)	Dirhinus maasaii (HT = F05)	Dirhinus leakeyorum (HT = F08)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (PT = M01)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (PT = M02)
width of head	884	829	824	972	693	771
length of head	948	840	792	912	744	708
height of head = distance between apex of inner horn to lateral edge of oral fossa	1048	888	960	1090	833
width of frontovertex	632	552	584	676	504	486
length of inner horn	316	264	248	292	252	204
length of temple	256	244	196	216	208	189
length of inner horn (= IHL )	224	244	224	284	184	264
distance from end of scrobal depression to median ocellus (= SDMOD )	156	60	136	124	124	40
distance median ocellus - lateral ocellus (= MLD )	88	88	76	84	72	75
distance between lateral ocelli (= POD )	140	128	140	132	104	126
distance between lateral ocellus to inner margin of eye (= OOD )	168	148	164	184	140	132
length of eye	407	384	380	432	320	309
height of eye	319	268	288	337	248
distance from lower margin of eye to lateral edge of oral fossa	444	408	416	418	320
combined length of pedicel + flagellum	806	789	804	816	651
length of scape	567	510	591	595	473
length of pedicel	130	108	146	164	102	71
width of pedicel	62	68	72	76	61	60
length of 2nd flagellomere (= funicular 1)	64	75	57	64	48	105
width of 2nd flagellomere	79	89	78	80	64	81
length of 8th flagellomere (= funicular 7)	65	74	66	72	64	74
width of 8th flagellomere	105	105	117	120	105	97
clava length	199	201	192	196	166	186

TABLE 3 (continued) . Measurements of specimens belonging to new species (µm).

Measured parts \ Species	Dirhinus quadrhinus (HT = F01)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (HT = F06)	Dirhinus kambae (HT = F02)	Dirhinus maasaii (HT = F05)	Dirhinus leakeyorum (HT = F08)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (PT = M01)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (PT = M02)
medial length of mesosoma	1539	1454	1440	1679	1125	1171
width of mesosoma	1053	1013	894	1103	725	817
length of mesoscutellum	480	447	428	545	431	378
width of mesoscutellum	618	691	575	705	481	573
length of fore wing	2266	2186	2026	2399	1786
width of fore wing	826	853	746	880	693
length of costal cell	627	573	600	667	520
length of marginal vein	520	507	507	573	387
length of metacoxa	496	520	520	592	360
width of metacoxa	332	349	307	382	256
length of metafemur	736	901	775	961	660
width of metafemur	468	553	525	579	420
length of gaster	1645	1428	1406	1615	1188	793
width of gaster	816	717	688	814	638	567
median length of first gastral tergite		1026	934	938	1006	763	677
length of strigose area of first gastral tergite		360	375	388	385	270	280
width of strigose area of first gastral tergite		355	336	375	372	263	183

TABLE 4. Ratios of measurements of selected characters of specimens belonging to quadrhinus group species as reported in Table 3. See Table 3 for abbreviations.

Ratios	Dirhinus quadrhinus (F01)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (F06)	Dirhinus kambae (F02)	Dirhinus maasaii (F05)	Dirhinus leakeyorum (F08)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (M01)	Dirhinus gigasetosus (M02)
head width:length	0.93	0.99	1.04	1.07	0.93	1.09
head width:height	0.84	0.95	0.87	0.84	0.89
eye length:height	1.28	1.43	1.32	1.25	1.29
IHL:SDMOD	1.44	4.07	1.65	2.29	1.48	6.60
POD:MLD	1.59	1.45	1.84	1.57	1.44	1.68
temples length:eye length	0.63	0.64	0.52	0.50	0.65
IHL:OOD	1.33	1.65	1.37	1.54	1.31	2.00
width frontovertex:IHL	2.82	2.26	2.61	2.38	2.74	1.84
Length pedicel + flagellum:head width pedicel length:width	0.91 2.10	0.95 1.59	0.98 2.03	0.84 2.16	0.94 1.67	1.18
Fl2 length:width	0.81	0.84	0.73	0.80	0.75	1.30
Fl8 length:width	0.62	0.70	0.56	0.60	0.61	0.76
Fl8 width:Fl2 width	1.33	1.18	1.50	1.50	1.64	1.20
mesosoma length:width	1.46	1.44	1.61	1.52	1.55	1.43
mesocutellum length:width	0.78	0.65	0.74	0.77	0.90	0.66
gaster length:mesosoma length	1.07	0.98	0.98	0.96	1.06	0.68
metacoxa length:width	1.49	1.49	1.70	1.55	1.41
metafemur length:width	1.57	1.63	1.48	1.66	1.57
fore wing length:width	2.74	2.56	2.71	2.73	2.58
marginal vein length:costal cell length gaster length:width	0.83 2.02	0.88 1.99	0.84 2.04	0.86 1.98	0.74 1.86	1.40
first gastral tergite length:gaster length strigose surface of first gastral tergite length:width	0.62 1.01	0.65 1.12	0.67 1.03	0.62 1.03	0.64 1.03	0.85 1.53

Distribution . The species is known only from its type locality, in Kenya . Host ( s ). Unknown, but probably Diptera based on the behaviour of other species in the subfamily to which it belongs.