Contribution to the Willowsia species having body scales of the long basal rib type: four new species and a redescription of W. qui (Collembola: Entomobryidae) Author Pan, Zhixiang C66099CD-2681-453F-BCC3-3B627AB31DC5 School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China. & Email: pzx 1118 @ hotmail. com & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: C 66099 CD- 2681 - 453 F-BCC 3 - 3 B 627 AB 31 DC 5 pzx1118@hotmail.com Author Zhang, Feng 904C4445-AAEA-40BC-B418-502053EF39B8 Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China. & urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 904 C 4445 - AAEA- 40 BC-B 418 - 502053 EF 39 B 8 & Corresponding author: xtmtd. zf @ gmail. com xtmtd.zf@gmail.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2016 2016-11-21 245 1 25 journal article 21859 10.5852/ejt.2016.245 84ee7aa9-b217-40fb-9a7d-d94dd8c906de 2118-9773 3850674 E42F1AE2-B8E6-43C8-896C-75A87814642A Willowsia qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011 Figs 13–15 ; Table 3 Diagnosis Very narrow lateral stripes on Th. II–Abd. I and transverse bands on postero-lateral margin of Abd. II–III; cephalic mac S 0 absent but S 0 ' present; 7 clypeal chaetae; Th. II with 2 medio-medial, 3 mediolateral, and 12–13 posterior mac; chaeta a1 as mic on Th. III; Abd. I with 4 mac; Abd. III with 2 central mac; Abd. IV with 6 central mac. Material examined CHINA : holotype and paratype on slides, Zhejiang Province , Taishun County, Wuyanling National Forest Park, Shuangkengkou, 27.617° N , 119.767° E , altitude 600 m , 4 Aug. 2005 , J.X. Chen team leg. (sample # C9279); 2 ³³, 1 ♀ , on slides, Jiangxi Province , Nanchang, Shangfengjing Village, under leaf litter of bamboo, 28.792° N , 115.808° E , altitude 118 m , 11 Aug. 2012 , Z.X. Pan and Q.P. Ren leg. (slide # 4383_1–3, sample # 4383); 1 ♀ on slide, Anhui Province , Yi County, Xidi Village, under leaves, 29.905° N , 117.992° E , altitude 223 m , 18 Nov. 2012 , F. Zhang, Z.-X. Pan and Z.-H. Li leg. (slide # HC13_1, sample # HC13); 1 ♀ on slide, Anhui Province , Tangkou Town, Fuxi Village, bamboo forest, 30.08° N , 118.148° E , altitude 689 m , 15 Jul. 2015 , F. Zhang leg. (slide # 15AH10, sample # 15AH_ monkey). Description Body length up to 1.8 mm . Ground colour pale in alcohol. Ant. I̅II with distal patches and III–IV dark. A transverse band between eye patches. Narrow stripes present on lateral margin of Th. II–Abd. I. Narrow transverse bands on posterior margin of Abd. II–III. Small patches posteriorly on Abd. IV–VI ( Fig. 13A ). Scales pointed, heavily striate with basal ribs longer than distal ones, and only present dorsally on head and terga. Some chaetae of the row along the posterior margin of each tergum transformed into scales and larger than other scales ( Fig. 13B ). Based on 5 measured specimens, antenna 2.48–2.54 times as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segment ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.69–2.12: 1.69–2.00: 2.65–3.15. Smooth spiny mic at base of antennae: 3 dorsal and 2 ventral on Ant. I; 1 internal, 1 external and 1 ventral on Ant. II. Labral intrusion slightly curved. Seven clypeal chaetae ciliate and arranged in two rows ( Fig. 14B ). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with 4 antennal (An), 4 median (M) and 7 sutural (S) mac; mac S 0 ' present; mac S 0 and S 1 absent; mac Ps 2 rarely absent ( Fig. 14C ). Tip of lateral process of labial palp slightly beyond apex of labial papilla. Labial chaeta R/M = 0.65–0.76. Cephalic groove with 7(6) ciliate chaetae on each side. Metatrochanteral organ with 10̅14 smooth spine-like chaetae; 8̅ 11 in L-shaped arms and 2̅3 between arms ( Fig. 14D ). Ungual basal paired inner teeth with tip reaching 52% from base, median one at 75% and distal one at 88%. Tenent hairs slightly longer than unguis ( Fig. 14E ). Abd. IV 3.47–3.70 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Ventral tube anteriorly with 12–15 ciliate chaetae, 5–7 of them larger than others ( Fig. 14F ); posteriorly with 6–8 smooth chaetae; each lateral flap with 11 chaetae ( Fig. 14G ). Manubrium dorsally with 6+6 thick chaetae, 3 large and 3 ( 1 in distal plaque) median in size ( Fig. 14H ); ventrally with 8(7)+8(7) distal chaetae ( Fig. 14I ). Manubrial plaque with 2 pseudopores and 4 ciliate chaetae ( Fig. 14H ). Distal smooth part 1.60̅1.81 times as long as mucro. Table 3. Comparison between W. qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011 and W. japonica Folsom, 1897 .

Characters	W. qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011	W. japonica Folsom, 1897
Stripes dorsally on body	very narrow	normal
Small patch dorsally on Th. III	absent	present
Scale width	broad	narrow
Scale surface sculpture	long basal rib type	short rib type
Smooth part of dens/mucro	1.6–1.8	2.2–2.9
Chaetotaxy of Th. II
m1 and m5	mac	mic
mac m4i and m4p	present	absent
Mac on Abd. I	4	3
Central mac on Abd. IV	6 (A5 as meso)	7 (A5 as mac)

Th. II with 2(3) (m1, m2) medio-medial, 3 (m4, m4i, m4p) medio-lateral and 12–13 posterior mac; mac m2i present in one specimen; m5 and p4–6 as mac; mac p2a often absent. Th. III with 14 mac; a1 as mic; m6e as mesochaeta ( Fig. 15A ). Abd. I with 4 (m2̅4, m4p) mac. Abd. II with 3 (a2, m3, m3e) central and 1 (m5) lateral mac. Abd. III with 2 (a2, m3) central and 3 (am6, pm6, p6) lateral mac; a3 as mac in one specimen. Abd. IV with 6 central mac, about 12 lateral mac and at least 9 sens; A5 as mesochaeta ( Fig. 15B ). Fig. 13. Willowsia qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011 . A . Habitus. B . Abd. III. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 20 μm. Fig. 14. Willowsia qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011 . A . Ant. III organ. B . Clypeal chaetae. C . Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy. D . Trochanteral organ. E . Hind claw. F . Anterior face of ventral tube. G . Posterior face and lateral flap of ventral tube. H . Manubrium and base of dens, dorsal view. I . Distal chaetae of ventral face of manubrium. J . Mucro. Scale bars: A–B, D–J = 20 μm; C = 100 μm. Fig. 15. Willowsia qui Zhang, Chen & Deharveng, 2011 . A . Thoracic chaetotaxy. B–C . Abdominal chaetotaxy. B . Abd. I–IV. C . Abd. V. Scale bars: 100 μm. Ecology Found in litter, debris and rotten logs of evergreen broad-leaved forest. DNA barcodes KU833221 , KU833226 . Remarks We found a paratype , which was actually W. japonica (Folsom, 1897) and incorrectly designated as W. qui by the original authors, resulting in some mistakes in the original description. Based on the types and fresh material, W. qui differs from W. japonica in narrower stripes on lateral margin of thorax and posterior margin of Abd. II–III, broad body scales, short distal smooth part of dens, and chaetotaxy of Th. II and Abd. I and IV ( Table 3 ). Mesochaeta A5 is as long as macrochaetae, but thinner, with small socket and pointed tip. The K2P genetic distance ( 0.184 –0.192 ) of the COI (one sequence of W. japonica from GenBank: KM978378 ) also indicates two independent species.