Trichoderma dumbbelliforme sp. nov. an undescribed fungus of order Hypocreales from India Author Kamil, Deeba 0000-0003-2331-358X Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India- 110012 & deebakamil @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2331 - 358 X deebakamil@gmail.com Author Toppo, R. Sudeep 0000-0003-4074-7013 Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India- 110012 & toppo 68 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4074 - 7013 toppo68@gmail.com Author Choudhary, Shiv Pratap 0000-0002-1019-0691 Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India- 110012 & choudharyshiv 14 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1019 - 0691 choudharyshiv14@gmail.com text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-09-21 520 3 285 295 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.520.3.8 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.520.3.8 1179-3163 5530428 Trichoderma dumbbelliforme T. Prameeladevi & D. Kamil sp. nov. ( Fig. 2 ) Mycobank:— MB823319 GenBank:— MG459152 Holotype :— ITCC 8141 Etymology:— Named after the shape of the conidia. The type strain was isolated from the soils of the virgin forest of Nagaland , India . Host/Distribution:— soil sample collected from Dimapur, Nagaland , India . Diagnostic characters:— Trichoderma dumbbelliforme can be distinguished from T. spirale and T . crassum by the ornamented conidiophores, shape of the conidia and presence of hyphal bulging ( Table 2 ). Trichoderma dumbbelliforme produced nodules on the sterile part of the conidiophores, pyriform to dumbbell shaped conidia and catenulate hyphal swellings whereas the other two species produced smooth conidiophores, globose conidia and sub-globose to obovoid chlamydospores. Culture characteristics:— The growth of colony was observed 4.0–5.0 cm in 4 days on PDA medium at 25 0 C moderately growing. White floccose mycelium becoming glaucous to dark green ( Ridgway 1912 ). Cushion like flat pustules spread throughout the plate. Yellowish orange to brown soluble pigmentation was present in the medium. Reverse of the plate was brown. The conidiophores in minute pustules or effuse, branching irregularly, the apical part of the main conidiophores axis is straight or flexuous, sterile and un-branched. Long un-branched conidiophores were imbedded with smooth and round nodules with one or two phialides at the tip.The phialides were ampulliform, mainly arising in crowded whorls of 4–6 on terminal and lateral branches. Conidia was pyriform to dumbbell shaped with the size of 4.0–6.0×2.5–3.0 µm and having two big guttulae at each end, smooth and pale green Chlamydospores were smooth globose to oval with 6.0–10.0 µm diam, catenulate and branched hyphal swellings are present. FIGURE 2. Trichoderma dumbbelliforme (A) Growth on PDA, (B) Reverse of the plate, (C,D) Pustule having clustered phialides and long sterile conidiophores with one or two phialides at the tip, (E,F) Nodulation on sterile conidiophores under SEM, (G) Conidiophore branching, (H, I) Phialide disposition, (J, K) Phialides under SEM, (L) Chlamydospores and hyphal swellings, (M) Conidia, (N,O) Conidia under SEM. TABLE 2. Morphological comparisons of Trichoderma dumbbelliforme and closely related species.

Species	Colony	Conidio -phore	Phialide	Conidia	Chlamydospores	Reference
Trichoderma crassum	Cushion like flat pustules bright yellow turn to grey green to grey. Concentric rings. Reverse of the plate yellowish orange.	Branching irregularly, the apical part of conidiophores is sterile and unbranched. One or two phialides at the tip are sometimes present.	Phialides mainly arising in crowded whorls of 2 – 5 ampulliform to lagniform and subulate.	Broadly ellipsoidal to obovoid with 3.0 – 5.0 × 3.0 – 3.5 µm size, smooth and green.	globose, 4.0 – 6.0 µm diam.	Bissett (1991)
Trichoderma spirale	Numerous compact white pustules turning to dull green then dark green, sometimes arranged concentrically, sparingly around the margin.	Conidiophores typically comprising a sterile hair from the base of which arise short, broad fertile branches.	Ampulliform and cylindrical	globose to sub globose, 3.0–6.0 × 2.5–5.0 μm.	Chlamydospores globose to subglobose, minute, 7.0–15.0 μm diam.	Bissett (1991)
Trichoderma dumbbelliforme	floccose, flat pustules, compact, glaucous to dark green reverse brown	Branching irregularly, the apical part of conidiophore Phialides mainly arising is sterile with nodules and in crowded whorls of 4 unbranched with one or two – 6 ampulliform phialides at the tip		Pyriform to dumbbell shaped conidia with the size of 4.0 – 6.0 × 2.5-3.0 µm and having two big guttulae at each end, smooth and pale green	Chlamydospores globose to oval, catenulate hyphal swellings are present 6.0–10.0 µm diam

Material examined:— INDIA , Nagaland , Dimapur district , ( 25 o 45’24 N ” 93 o 50’26 E ”), from soil, R . Sudeep Toppo , 23 September 2016 : ex-type culture deposited in Indian Type Culture Collection ( ITCC ; 8141), ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi .