A synopsis of centipedes in Brazilian caves: hidden species diversity that needs conservation (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) Author Chagas-Jr, Amazonas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-378X Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Correa da Costa, 2367, Boa Esperanca, 78060 - 900, Cuiaba, MT, Brasil amazonaschagas@gmail.com Author Bichuette, Maria Elina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-4832 Laboratorio de Estudos Subterraneos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, CP 676, 13565 - 905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brasil text ZooKeys 2018 2018-02-12 737 13 56 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.737.20307 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.737.20307 1313-2970-737-13 87B31942088B46DEB3AF10F04BA2EA08 FF98D537FFF0FFAEFFC9FFAFFF80D352 1222254 Sphendononema guildingii (Newport, 1845) Published records. None. Material examined. PARA : Parauapebas ( Equatorial Rainforest and " Campos Rupestres "), Iron Ore : Gruta N 5E 02, Gruta N 5E 09, Gruta N 5S 20, (MNRJ) 4 spec , 22.iii-03.iv.2005 , Andrade, R. & Arnone, IS ; Gruta N 5S 02, Gruta N 5S 06, (MNRJ) 4 spec , 03-13.v.2005 , Andrade, R. & Arnone, I ; Gruta S 11C 14, Gruta S 11D 96, Gruta S 11D 01, Gruta S 11B 49, Gruta S 11B 23, Gruta S 11D 12, Gruta S 11B 13, Gruta S 11A 26, Gruta S 11A 26, Gruta S 11C 08, Gruta S 11D 39, Gruta S 11D 55, Gruta S 11 D10, (MNRJ) 26 spec , 23.viii-02.ix.2007 , Andrade, R. ; Gruta N1 22 , Gruta N1 37 , Gruta N 1 173, Gruta N1 25 , Gruta N1 37 , (MNRJ) 11 spec , 28.ix-03.x.2007 , Andrade, R. ; Gruta N 5S 37 CL; Gruta N 4E 14 AF; Gruta N 4E 10AF; Gruta N 5S 8AF; Gruta N 5 S 5 8 AF; Gruta N 5S 21AF; Gruta N 4E 26AF; Gruta N 4E 61CL; Gruta N 4E 26 CL; Gruta N 4E 61 AF; Gruta N 5S 8 CL; (MNRJ) 18 spec , 07-12.x.2008 , Andrade, R. et al.; Gruta GEM 1578 CL, (MNRJ) 3 spec , 17-24.x.2008 ; Curionopolis ( Equatorial Rainforest and " Campos Rupestres "), Iron Ore : Gruta SL 74 CL, (MNRJ) 4 spec , 17-24.x.2008 , Andrade, R. et al.; Canaa dos Carajas ( Equatorial Rainforest and " Campos Rupestres "), Iron Ore : Gruta NV 06, (MNRJ) 1 spec , 22-28.ii.2005 , Andrade, R. , Arnone, I. ; Gruta S 11C 0124, Gruta S 11C 0147, Gruta S 11C 0153, (UFMT) 4 spec , 01-08.viii.2015 , BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental ; Caverna ST 0068, (UFMT) 1 spec , 26.i.2016 , BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental ; Altamira ( Equatorial Rainforest ), Sandstone and Shale : Caverna Leonardo da Vinci , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , xii.2010 , Bichuette, ME ., Gallao , JE ., von Schimonsky, DM .; Abrigo Paratizinho , (UFSCAR) 2 spec , 04.iv.2011 , Bichuette, ME ., Gallao , JE ., Pedroso, DR ., von Schimonsky, DM . GOIAS : Sao Domingos ( Cerrado ), Limestone : Lapa Sao Mateus-Imbira III, (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 11.vii.1988 , Gregeo UnB, Vendramini, G. ; (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 13.ii.2012 , Bichuette, ME .; Lapa Angelica , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 20.iv.2011 and (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 21.iv.2011 , Bichuette, ME .; (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 31.x.2012 , Bichuette, ME .; Caverna Sumidouro I , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 25.iv.2012 and (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 17.vi.2012 , von Schimonsky, DM ., Gallao , JE ., Fernandes, CS ; Formosa ( Cerrado ), Limestone : Buraco das Araras , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 06.x.2011 , Vidal, G.M. ; Mambai ( Cerrado ), Limestone : Gruta Judite , (UFSCAR) 2 spec , 01.v.2013 , Bichuette, ME ., Gallao , JE ., von Schimonsky, DM ., Rizzato, PP ., Borghezan, R. ; Gruta Pasto de Vacas , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 02.v.2013 , Bichuette, ME ., Gallao , JE ., von Schimonsky, DM ., Rizzato, PP ., Borghezan, R. ; MATO GROSSO : Nobres ( Cerrado ), Limestone : Toca da Serra Rica , (UFSCAR) 3 spec , 04.v.2015 , Bichuette, ME ., Chagas-Jr, A., Nunes, GA .; Toca do Sorvete , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 06.v.2015 , Bichuette, ME ., Chagas-Jr, A., Nunes, GA .; Mato Grosso DO SUL : Bonito ( Cerrado ), Limestone : Gruta Sao Mateus , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 26.vi.2012 , Cordeiro, LM ., Borghezan, R. ; SERGIPE : Japaratuba ( " Restinga " - Atlantic Forest and coastal vegetation), Limestone : Caverna Casa do Caboclo , (UFSCAR) 2 spec , 19.x.2014 , Bichuette, ME .; Simao Dias ( Caatinga ), Limestone : Toca da Raposa , (UFSCAR) 2 spec , 19.x.2014 , Bichuette, ME .; BAHIA : Carinhanha ( Caatinga ), Limestone : Gruna das Tres Cobras , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 10.ix.2008 , Bichuette, ME .; Gruna Google , (UFSCAR) 2 spec , 13.ix.2008 , Bichuette, ME .; Gruna Vila Nova , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 26.vii.2012 , Bichuette, ME ., Gallao , JE ., Rizzato, PP .; Gruna das Tres Cobras , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 30.v.2012 , Bichuette, ME ., Gallao , JE .; Caverna Bem Bom , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 28.xi.2015 , Gallao , JE ., Bichuette, ME .; Andarai (" Campos rupestres" highland heterogeneous vegetation on rocks), Sandstone : Gruna dos Torras , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 19.i.2007 , Bichuette, ME .; Coribe ( Caatinga ), Limestone : Gruna do Enfurnado , (UFSCAR) 2 spec , ix.2007 , Trajano , E. , Sansone, D. ; MINAS GERAIS : Januaria ( Cerrado-Caatinga transition), Limestone : Gruta do Janelao , (UFSCAR) 5 spec , 22.vii.2012 , Bichuette, ME .; Itacarambi ( Cerrado-Caatinga transition), Limestone : Lapa do Branco I , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , vi.2014 by Monte , BGO.; Lapa do Cipo , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 10.iv.2015 , Gallao , JE ., Monte , BGO and (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 26.viii.2014 , Bolfarini, MP ., Monte , BGO.; Caverna Troncos , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 11.iv.2015 , Gallao , JE ., Monte , BGO.; SAO PAULO : Altinopolis ( Cerrado and Semidecidous seasonal forest), Sandstone : Gruta Itambe , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 30.vi.2011 , Bichuette, ME .; Caverna Olho de Cabra , (UFSCAR) 1 spec , 23.viii.2016 , Gallo, JS ., Mello, RV , Ferro, JP . Taxonomic notes. Sphendononema guildingii is among the most common centipedes in Brazilian caves. Two specimens from Caverna Casa do Caboclo in Sergipe state, northeastern Brazil exhibit different tergal pigmentation patterns and might not be conspecifics of S. guildingii . Distribution. This species is widespread in Brazil, found in almost all states, except Parana , Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Classified as a troglophile, S. guildingii was observed in limestone, quartzitic, sandstone, and iron ore caves. Habitat. Cave (rocky substrate). Conservation. Despite its wide distribution, the species is under threat because mining and/or hydroelectrical projects are affecting numerous cave habitats (e.g., in Para and Minas Gerais states). Combined with their low-medium abundance and the lack of ecological or molecular studies, protection for this species should be considered.