Revision of the peristediid genus Satyrichthys (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) with the description of a new species, S. milleri sp. nov.
Author
Kawai, Toshio
text
Zootaxa
2013
3635
4
419
438
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.3635.4.5
dfa87fc4-80b6-4a03-9039-cd757aeee34f
1175-5326
283551
CEB61FC1-DF5A-44C3-9241-89B9127311FC
Satyrichthys laticeps
(Schlegel, 1852)
Japanese name: Bake-kihoubou (
Figure 5
; Tables 1–6)
Peristedion laticeps
Schlegel, 1852: 43
(
type
locality:
Ambon
,
Indonesia
).
Peristethus
sp.: Haly, 1886: 166 (
Sri Lanka
).
Peristethus halyi
Day, 1888: 791
(
type
locality:
Sri Lanka
;
holotype
unknown).
Peristethus adeni
Lloyd, 1907: 8
(
type
locality: Gulf of Aden).
Peristedion pothumaluva
Deraniyagala, 1936: 221
(
type
locality:
Sri Lanka
).
Satyrichthys piercei
Fowler, 1938: 125
(
type
locality: South
China
Sea); Richards, 1999: 2362 (name listed from western central Pacific); Richards, 2000: 607 (name listed from South
China
Sea).
Satyrichthys adeni
: Miller, 1974: 61
(Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea south to
South Africa
and eastward to
Taiwan
); Heemstra, 1986: 489 (off Indian coast of southern Africa, northern Indian Ocean and
Taiwan
); Richards, 1999: 2362 (name listed from western central Pacific); Richards, 2000: 607 (name listed from South
China
Sea); Kawai, 2008: 26 (listed name only); Kawai & Tashiro, 2008: 43 (
Japan
).
Satyrichthys magnus
Yatou, 1985a: 591
(
type
locality: East
China
Sea); Richards, 1999: 2362 (name listed from western central Pacific); Richards, 2000: 607 (name listed from South
China
Sea); Yamada, 2002: 613 (East
China
Sea); Kawai, 2008: 26 (listed name only).
Peristedion halyi
: Richards, 1999: 2362
(name listed from western central Pacific); Richards, 2000: 607 (name listed from South
China
Sea).
Material examined:
53 specimens
(89.0–
487 mm
SL). BMNH 1921.3.1.20,
1 specimen
,
168 mm
SL, off Umvoti River, Kwazulu
Natal
,
South Africa
; BMNH 1936.4.23.2,
holotype
of
Peristedion pothumaluva
,
328 mm
SL, Moratuwa, west coast of
Ceylon
,
Sri Lanka
,
21 Feb. 1927
; BMNH 1939.5.24.1651–1654,
5 specimens
, 89.0–
146 mm
SL, Gulf of Aden,
220 m
,
7 May 1934
; BMNH 1987.1.23.73,
1 specimen
,
291 mm
SL, off south coast of Java and Bali,
Indonesia
; BMNH 2003.11.3.6,
1 specimen
,
167 mm
SL, Gulf of Aden (
13°22’N
,
47°04’E
),
29 Sep. 1975
; BSKU 15140,
1 specimen
,
139 mm
SL, Sulu Sea (
8°9.2’N
,
117°53.8’E
to
8°10.5’N
,
117°54.5’E
),
200–215 m
,
26 May 1972
; BSKU 26637,
paratype
of
Satyrichthys magnus
,
1 specimen
,
412 mm
SL (by tape measure), BSKU 26638,
holotype
of
S. magnus
,
487 mm
SL, Okinawa Trough (
26°32.1’N
,
125°3.8’E
), East
China
Sea,
207–215 m
,
25 Jan. 1978
; HUMZ 19673,
1 specimen
,
308 mm
SL, off Penang (
6°45’N
,
98°30’E
),
Malaysia
, R/V
Oshoro-maru
,
8–11 Jan. 1965
; HUMZ 33476,
1 specimen
, ca.
346 mm
SL, Andaman Sea; HUMZ 38498,
1 specimen
,
385 mm
SL, South
China
Sea (
6°18’N
,
108°58’E
),
124 m
,
14 Nov. 1973
; HUMZ 73291,
1 specimen
,
368 mm
SL, HUMZ 73293,
1 specimen
,
403 mm
SL, HUMZ 73294,
1 specimen
,
339 mm
SL, HUMZ 73745,
1 specimen
,
392 mm
SL, Saya de Malha Bank (
11°42’S
,
61°13’E
), Indian Ocean,
246 m
,
30 Aug. 1977
; HUMZ 73456,
1 specimen
,
119 mm
SL, Saya de Malha Bank (
11°20’S
,
60°43’E
), Indian Ocean,
147 m
,
2 Sep. 1977
; HUMZ 74071,
1 specimen
,
359 mm
SL, Saya de Malha Bank (
11°21’S
,
61°18’E
), Indian Ocean,
128 m
,
30 Aug. 1977
; HUMZ 81518,
1 specimen
,
346 mm
SL, HUMZ 81519,
1 specimen
,
309 mm
SL, HUMZ 81520 (dissected),
1 specimen
,
297 mm
SL, Saya de Malha Bank (
10°46’S
,
61°05’E
),
125 m
,
10 Dec. 1978
; HUMZ 81521,
1 specimen
,
341 mm
SL, HUMZ 81522,
1 specimen
,
283 mm
SL, HUMZ 81523,
1 specimen
,
319 mm
SL, HUMZ 81524,
1 specimen
,
398 mm
SL, HUMZ 81525,
1 specimen
,
286 mm
SL, HUMZ 81526,
1 specimen
,
313 mm
SL, Saya de Malha Bank (
10°44’S
,
60°56’E
), Indian Ocean,
120 m
,
10 Dec. 1978
; HUMZ 87722,
1 specimen
,
376 mm
SL, South
China
Sea (
5°24’N
,
110°40’E
),
160 m
,
11 Aug. 1975
; HUMZ 90032,
1 specimen
,
353 mm
SL, HUMZ 90033,
1 specimen
,
241 mm
SL, HUMZ 90034 (dissected),
1 specimen
,
269 mm
SL, Andaman Sea,
16 Jan. to 19 Apr. 1971
; HUMZ 109578,
1 specimen
,
348 mm
SL, off
Sarawak
, Borneo, South
China
Sea, date unknown; HUMZ 185184,
1 specimen
,
188 mm
SL, HUMZ 185184,
1 specimen
, Tonggang Fishing Port, Pingtung,
Taiwan
,
28 Aug. 2002
; HUMZ 186158,
1 specimen
,
92.2 mm
SL, Tonggang Fishing Port, Pingtung,
Taiwan
,
26 Aug. 2002
; NSMT-P 79556,
1 specimen
,
450 mm
SL, Shimizu Fish Market, Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu,
Japan
,
4 Mar. 1987
; NSMT-P 92747,
1 specimen
,
191 mm
SL, Tashi, Ilan,
Taiwan
,
1 June 2008
; NSMT-P 92751,
1 specimen
,
109 mm
SL, Tonggang Fishing Port, Pingtung,
Taiwan
,
5 July 2007
; NSMT-P 92787,
1 specimen
,
313 mm
SL, Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean; RMNH.PISC. 523,
holotype
of
Peristedion laticeps
,
230 mm
SL,
Ambon
,
Indonesia
; RMNH.PISC. 662,
1 specimen
(stuffed), ca.
550 mm
SL,
Ambon
,
Indonesia
, 1866; RMNH.PISC. 35955,
1 specimen
,
215 mm
SL; USNM 98877,
holotype
of
Satyrichthys piercei
,
118 mm
SL, South
China
Sea (
21°39’N
,
117°7’E
),
291 m
,
5 Nov. 1908
; ZSI F1433/1,
holotype
of
Peristethus adeni
,
123 mm
SL, Gulf of Aden,
238 m
; ZSI F6549/2,
7 specimens
,
150–227 mm
SL, off Quilon (9°N, 76°E),
India
,
300 m
,
3–4 Mar. 1971
.
Diagnosis.
A species of
Satyrichthys
with four (rarely three or five) lip and 2–5 chin barbels; antrose spines present on upper lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle; parietal bones unequal in size on midline; no dusky spots on dorsal fin.
Distribution.
Japan
,
Taiwan
, East
China
Sea, Sulu Sea, South
China
Sea, Andaman Sea,
Indonesia
,
Sri Lanka
, Arabian Sea, Saya de Malha Bank, off Indian coast of southern Africa, in depth of
58–
300 m
.
Remarks.
Day’s (1888) description of
Peristethus halyi
followed Haly’s (1886) description of
Peristethus
sp. Haly’s description was based on a single specimen collected from Galle,
Sri Lanka
, but that the specimen (thus the
holotype
of
P. ha ly i
) is unknown. Although the two descriptions were essentially the same, lateral line counts differed with Day (1888) stating 34 and Haly (1886) 24. Both descriptions are brief, and provide neither the number of barbels nor drawings. No additional specimens of this species have been reported. Miller (1974) included this species in ‘
Satyrichthys
’, however, he treated
S. halyi
as a nomen dubium because Day (1888) and Haly (1886) did not show the number of barbels, an important character for species identification in the family
Peristediidae
. The presence of 15 dorsal and 15 anal fin rays places it in
Satyrichthys
(sensu Kawai 2008) and the characters overlapping only with the 13–17 and 14–17 rays of
S. laticeps
, and 15–17 and 15–17 rays of
S. milleri
sp. nov.
(
Table 2
). Day (1888) also described the body color of
S. halyi
as uniformly red. The red body of
S. halyi
fits that of
S. laticeps
(vs. dark brown in
S. milleri
sp. nov.
). Lateral-line counts differ between authors. Some ichthyologists included all bony plates on the lateral line series (i.e. upper lateral row in this study), others excluded the anterior four or five small bony plates and/or posteriormost bony plate. Consequently, the estimated number of bony plates on the upper lateral row reported by Day (1888) is 34–40 and reported by Haly (1886) is 24–30. If Haly’s count was correct, this character also overlapps with the 29–32 of
S. laticeps
(Table 3). Therefore, I conclude that
S. halyi
is a junior synonym of
S. laticeps
.
FIGURE 5.
Dorsal view of
Satyrichthys laticeps
, RMNH.PISC. 523, holotype, 230 mm SL.
De Beaufort and Briggs (1962) believed that
S. laticeps
and
S. moluccensis
were synonymous based on an examination presumed
type
specimens of both species, but the
type
specimens of
S. moluccensis
had already been discarded and did not exist at that time (pers. com. Dr. Martien J. P. van Oijen). De Beaufort and Briggs (1962) misunderstood two non-type specimens (RMNH.PISC. 5937 and RMNH.PISC. 35955, here identified as
S. moluccensis
and as
S. laticeps
, respectively) as
syntypes
of
S. moluccensis
(see remarks of
S. moluccensis
). Since their study, no ichthyologists have used
S. laticeps
. A comparison of the
holotype
of
S. laticeps
with non-type specimens of
S. laticeps
and
S. moluccensis
reveals that
S. laticeps
differs from
S. moluccensis
in having the left and right parietal bones unequal in size in the mid-line (
Fig. 3
). In addition, 4 (rarely 3 or 5) lip and 2–5 chin barbels of
S. laticeps
are good distinguishing characters from 3 lip and 0 (rarely 2) chin barbels of
S. moluccensis
(Table 4).
Miller (1974) suggested that
S. piercei
and
S. pothumaluva
are junior synonyms of
S. adeni
. This synonymy is confirmed here, but all three nominal species are in turn junior synonyms of
S. laticeps
(
Table 6
).
Satyrichthys magnus
was described by Yatou (1985a) and compared only with
S. welchi
. Yatou showed that four barbels on the lip and 15 pectoral fin rays of
S. magnus
are separable from 7 barbels, and 14 rays of
S. welchi
. Since then, no additional specimens of
S. magnus
have been reported. A re-examination of the
holotype
and
paratype
of
S. magnus
revealed 4 or 3 lip and rudimental 3 chin barbels, and 15 or 17 pectoral fin rays. The
holotype
of
S. magnus
has an extremely short first dorsal spine, but there are no other significant differences between
S. magnus
and specimens of
S. laticeps
(
Table 6
). Therefore, I conclude that
S. magnus
is a junior synonym of
S. laticeps
. Although the number of barbels is a difficult character for separating
S. laticeps
from
S. welchi
, the former species is easily distinguished from the latter in having the left and right parietal bones unequal in size in the mid-line (
Fig. 3
A), and no dusky spots on the dorsal fin spine region (vs. having parietal bones equal in size on mid-line, and many spots in
S. welchi
).
TABLE 1.
Comparison of measurements among the species of
Satyrichthys
.
S. clavilapis
S. laticeps
S. longiceps
S. milleri
sp. nov.
S. moluccensis
S. rieffeli
S. welchi
holotype holotype holotype holotype
paratypes
neotype
Number of specimens
1 34 1
49 1 1
41 1 13
43 6
Standard Length (mm) 201 39.1–172 230 89.0–487 155 182 59.9–265 ca. 410 170–480 78.3–254 131–271
Measurements (% SL)
Body depth 20.0 17.5–25.5 16.6 15.4–23.7 17.0 22.8 20.3–27.2 15 16.2–20.8 12.5–21.2 12.9–18.7 Body width 14.6 11.2–16.6 13.9 12.4–20.3 11.3 15.2 11.8–19.6 18 13.3–17.7 12.8–18.7 12.8–15.7 Head length 41.1 41.9–48.8 39.0 37.9–45.8 (
n
=48) 42.8 42.9 41.8–49.3 40 39.7–42.7 37.9–42.3 37.8–41.9 Head depth 18.9 17.9–26.5 16.3 15.9–24.1 (
n
=48) 17.5 22.2 20.3–25.9 14 16.7–20.3 11.4–21.1 13.3–18.4 Head width 21.2 29.1–41.9 (
n
=33) 28.1 24.4–40.2 (
n
=46) 21.5 38.5 34.8–47.2 (
n
=38) 29 25.6–34.8 28.0–38.7 26.5–33.7 Distance from snout to dorsal fin 41.0 41.2–47.8 38.5 37.2–43.7 42.6 41.8 40.8–47.7 37 36.8–40.7 36.5–42.1 36.4–40.9 Distance from snout to anal fin 55.3 53.9–58.7 54.2 51.8–59.6 54.7 54.6 54.1–60.6 Broken 52.1–58.0 51.5–57.8 49.6–54.5 Distance from snout to anus 49.2 48.1–52.4 48.4 46.2–53.6 50.1 49.1 47.7–53.5 52 46.4–52.6 45.9–52.4 44.6–49.3 Snout length 21.8 21.4–23.8 20.6 19.9–23.1 22.0 21.4 21.0–24.1 21 20.3–22.3 19.0–21.7 19.4–21.2 Rostral projection length Broken 13.5–17.0 (
n
=4) 9.5 6.3–12.4 (
n
=35) Broken 10.4 7.5–10.6 (
n
=35) Broken 5.9–9.1 (
n
=10) 12.0–19.3 8.7–12.7 (
n
=3) Longest barbel length 12.6 13.9–23.1 19.0 11.4–26.7 6.8 38.1 30.4–45.2 (
n
=40) Unknown* 11.8–24.1 12.0–18.7 11.2–17.2 Upper jaw length 17.6 16.9–18.6 16.0 14.8–17.9 14.5 14.7 13.7–17.5 16 14.7–17.6 13.4–15.6 14.8–17.0 Lower jaw length 15.7 16.5–19.9 15.0 14.4–18.1 15.2 15.8 15.4–19.3 15 14.7–16.6 12.4–16.0 13.4–15.3 Orbital diameter 7.9 9.2–14.1 8.2 7.0–11.9 9.7 8.7 8.7–13.2 8 7.5–8.4 7.5–9.5 7.8–10.0 Interorbital width 7.6 8.3–12.4 (
n
=33) 7.2 6.8–10.4 8.8 11.0 9.0–11.9 (
n
=40) 8 7.1–8.5 (
n
=11) 6.9–9.2 6.7–8.4 Pectoral fin length 15.9 13.8–20.7 18.1 14.7–26.2 (
n
=48) 14.4 19.9 16.2–22.4 (
n
=39) 22 18.4–22.9 13.7–31.2 18.1–21.5 Length of upper detached pectoral Broken 19.0–27.8 14.9 13.2–21.6 (
n
=48) Broken 21.4 18.2–24.9 (
n
=24) Unknown* 13.4–19.8 13.3–21.3 14.1–18.9
fin ray Length of lower detached pectoral Broken 16.3–24.1 11.4 10.4–17.6 (
n
=47) Broken 17.9 14.7–20.7 (
n
=24) Unknown* 10.7–16.4 10.8–16.7 12.1–15.7 fin ray
Pelvic fin length 18.2 18.9–24.8 20.6 16.8–22.5 (
n
=48) 19.2 22.1 21.3–27.1 (
n
=40) 17 18.2–20.4 17.8–23.1 19.3–22.0 Length of first dorsal spine 8.8 9.4–12.8 (
n
=33) 11.1 0.8–14.4 (
n
=47) 11.2 10.6 8.1–12.9 9 7.3–11.1 7.9–14.8(
n
=40) 10.3–11.8 Caudal peduncle length 10.2 9.8–12.6 11.1 9.6–13.3 10.5 12.0 11.0–14.2 Broken 8.2–12.7 9.9–12.6 10.0–11.7 Caudal peduncle depth 2.8 2.9–4.0 2.8 2.2–3.4 2.6 3.7 3.2–4.2 3 2.7–3.4 2.7–3.8 2.7–3.0 *Unable to measure because of bent and dried fixation.
TABLE 2.
Number of dorsal, anal and pectoral fin rays in species of
Satyrichthys
.
Dorsal spines Dorsal rays Anal rays Pectoral rays, including two free rays
6
7 8 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18
Holotype
and
neotype
in boldface when applicable.
|
.
clavilapis
(
n
=35)
|
1 |
33
|
1 |
2 |
26
|
7 |
5 |
23
|
7 |
5 |
29
|
1 |
|
.
laticeps
(
n
=53)
|
2 |
50
|
1 |
1 |
4 |
25 |
12 |
10
|
12 |
20 |
11 |
9
|
1 |
34
|
17 |
1 |
|
.
longiceps
(
n
=1)
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
.
milleri
(
n
=43)
|
41
|
2 |
2 |
38
|
3 |
12
|
29 |
2 |
1 |
14
|
25 |
3 |
|
.
moluccensis
(
n
=15)
|
15
|
10 |
5
|
8 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
6 |
7
|
1 |
|
.
rieffeli
(
n
=43)
|
1 |
40 |
2 |
4 |
36 |
3 |
11 |
30 |
2 |
6 |
35 |
2 |
|
.
welchi
(
n
=6)
|
6 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
TABLE 3.
Number of bony plates in species of
Satyrichthys
.
Dorsal Upper lateral Lower lateral Ventral Beforeanus
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 2 3
moluccensis
(
n
=15)
2
12
1
1 4
9
1 1
8
5 1 7
7
1
14
1
|
clavilapis
(
n
=35)
|
3 |
30
|
2 |
13
|
20 |
2 |
2 |
7 |
22
|
4 |
12 |
23
|
34
|
1 |
|
laticeps
(
n
=53)
|
1 |
26 |
7 |
17
|
1 |
11 |
19 |
14 |
8
|
1 |
17 |
13 |
11 |
9
|
1 |
10 |
21 |
8 |
13
|
53
|
|
longiceps
(
n
=1)
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
milleri
(
n
=43)
|
17
|
26 |
5 |
36
|
2 |
1 |
6
|
28 |
7 |
1 |
3 |
36
|
4 |
35
|
8 |
rieffeli
(
n
=43) 26 17
8 27 8
1 18
22 2 1
9 29 4
36 7
welchi
(
n
=6) 5 1 2 3 1 4 2 2 4 5 1
Holotype
and
neotype
in boldface when applicable.
|
TABLE 4.
Number of barbels in species of
Satyrichthys
.
|
| Left side on lip |
Right side on lip |
Left side on chin |
Right side on chin |
| 1 2 3 4 5 |
2 3 4 5 |
0 1 2 3 4 5 |
0 1 2 3 4 |
|
S. clavilapis
(
n
=35) 1
34
|
35
|
35
|
33
2
|
|
S. laticeps
(
n
=53)
52
1
|
1
52
|
4
33
15 1
|
4
33
16
|
|
S. longiceps
(
n
=1)
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
S. milleri
(
n
=42)
41
1
|
41
1
|
42
|
42
|
|
S. moluccensis
(
n
=15)
15
|
15
|
14
1
|
14
1
|
|
S. rieffeli
(
n
=43) 43
|
43 |
43 |
1 42 |
|
S. welchi
(
n
=6) 6
|
6 |
6 |
6 |
| Holotype and neotype in boldface when applicable. |
TABLE 5.
Number of gill rakers on the outer side at the first gill arch in species of
Satyrichthys
.
Upper Lower, including raker at angle 4 5 6
7 8 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
clavilapis
(
n
=35)
7
20
8
6
13
8
7 1
laticeps
(
n
=45)
8
33 3
1 2
12
14
11 4 1
longiceps
(
n
=1)
1 1
milleri
(
n
=43)
16
23 3 1
3 14 12
11
2 1
moluccensis
(
n
=14)
1 12 1
2 7 4 1
rieffeli
(
n
=43)
1 9 25
8
3 5 18
10 7
welchi
(
n
=6) 2 2 2 1 1 3 1
Holotype
and
neotype
in boldface when applicable.
TABLE 6.
Comparison of meristic and morphometric values for specimens identifiable as
Satyrichthys laticeps
.
|
S. laticeps
|
S. adeni
|
S. magnus
|
S. piercei
|
S. pothumaluva
|
| holotype non-type |
holotype |
holotype paratype |
holotype |
holotype |
| Number of specimens |
1 47 |
1 |
1 1 |
1 |
1 |
| Standard Length (mm) |
230 89.0–ca. 550 |
123 |
487 412 |
118 |
328 |
| Measurements (% SL) |
| Body depth |
16.6 15.4–21.1 (
n
=45)
|
23.7 |
20.3 21.7 |
19.9 |
20.5 |
| Body width |
13.9 12.4–17.7 (
n
=45)
|
15.7 |
20.3 18.4 |
13.7 |
15.6 |
| Head length |
39.0 37.9–45.8 (
n
=44)
|
44.1 |
42.7 42.3 |
42.7 |
43.1 |
| Head depth |
16.3 15.9–21.3 (
n
=44)
|
24.1 |
19.6 20.3 |
20.2 |
20.9 |
| Head width |
28.1 24.4–35.9 (
n
=42)
|
40.2 |
35.1 27.8 |
33.8 |
27.9 |
| Distance from snout to dorsal fin |
38.5 37.2–43.7 (
n
=45)
|
41.3 |
41.8 41.0 |
42.1 |
41.8 |
| Distance from snout to anal fin |
54.2 51.8–58.6 (
n
=45)
|
57.7 |
59.6 55.6 |
56.0 |
55.9 |
| Distance from snout to anus |
48.4 46.2–53.0 (
n
=45)
|
53.6 |
52.1 51.1 |
50.3 |
50.6 |
| Snout length |
20.6 19.9–22.5 (
n
=45)
|
22.4 |
22.3 23.1 |
21.5 |
21.8 |
| Rostral projection length |
9.5 6.6–12.4 (
n
=30)
|
11.5 |
6.3 Broken |
10.2 |
7.3 |
| Longest barbel length |
19.0 11.4–26.7 (
n
=45)
|
14.2 |
14.0 13.0 |
24.1 |
14.6 |
| Upper jaw length |
16.0 14.8–17.9 (
n
=45)
|
17.1 |
16.1 16.4 |
17.8 |
16.8 |
| Lower jaw length |
15.0 14.4–18.1 (
n
=45)
|
15.9 |
16.4 15.6 |
17.3 |
16.8 |
| Orbital diameter |
8.2 7.0–11.9 (
n
=45)
|
9.5 |
7.7 7.5 |
10.2 |
8.7 |
| Interorbital width |
7.2 6.8–10.4 (
n
=45)
|
9.2 |
9.3 8.4 |
9.0 |
7.8 |
| Pectoral fin length |
18.1 14.7–22.8 (
n
=44)
|
16.4 |
26.2 21.2 |
17.2 |
18.4 |
| Length of upper detached pectoral fin ray |
14.9 13.4–21.6 (
n
=44)
|
19.5 |
14.5 13.2 |
19.0 |
17.0 |
| Length of lower detached pectoral fin ray |
11.4 10.4–17.6 (
n
=43)
|
16.0 |
11.5 10.7 |
15.1 |
14.3 |
| Pelvic fin length |
20.6 16.8–22.5 (
n
=44)
|
19.1 |
19.1 17.8 |
22.1 |
19.1 |
| Length of first dorsal spine |
11.1 9.7–14.4 (
n
=43)
|
11.1 |
0.8 10.5 |
9.3 |
9.8 |
| Caudal peduncle length |
11.1 9.6–13.3 (
n
=45)
|
11.6 |
11.2 10.8 |
12.3 |
11.1 |
| Caudal peduncle depth |
2.8 2.2–3.4 (
n
=45)
|
3.0 |
3.1 3.1 |
3.3 |
2.4 |
| Counts |
| Dorsal fin rays |
VII, 17 VI–VII, 13–17 |
VII, 15 |
VIII, 17 VIII, 17 |
VII, 16 |
VII, 15 |
| Anal fin rays |
17 14–17 (
n
=46)
|
14 |
15 17 |
16 |
14 |
| Pectoral fin rays (including two detached rays) |
15 14–16 |
15 |
17 15 |
15 |
15 |
| Bony plates in dorsal row |
26 23–27 (
n
=46)
|
24 |
26 26 |
26 |
24 |
| Bony plates in upper lateral row |
32 29–32 (
n
=46)
|
29 |
32 32 |
31 |
29 |
| Bony plates in lower lateral row |
21 16–22 (
n
=46)
|
18 |
21 21 |
20 |
18 |
| Bony plates in ventral row |
22 19–22 (
n
=46)
|
19 |
22 22 |
22 |
19 |
| Bony plates before anus |
2 2 |
2 |
2 2 |
2 |
2 |
| Upper gill raker |
4 4–6 (
n
=40)
|
4 |
Unknown* Unknown* |
5 |
5 |
| Lower gill raker |
17 15–22 (
n
=41)
|
17 |
Unknown* Unknown* |
17 |
18 |
| Lip barbels (left, right) |
4,4 4 (rarely 5),4 |
4,4 |
4,3 4,4 |
4,4 |
4,4 |
| Chin barbels (left, right) |
3,3 2–5,2–4 |
3,3 |
3,3 3,3 |
3,3 |
3,3 |
*Unable to open gill opening because of hard fixation.