Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera) Author Roháćek, Jindřich Author Barber, Kevin N. text Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 2016 suppl. 2016-12-30 56 1 412 journal article 9539 10.5281/zenodo.4272829 e8b0cf7e-6ff3-40d9-8e92-87e099b9cefe 0374-1036 4272829 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E95E58A5-E0F1-4237-9D7C-4A81BB3120DD The Anthomyza neglecta group The Anthomyza neglecta group was established by ROHÁĆEK (2006a , 2009a ) for three Palaearctic species, viz. A. neglecta Collin, 1944 , A. paraneglecta Elberg, 1968 and A. orineglecta Roháček, 2006 . In the Nearctic Region, four additional species belonging to this group have been found, including Anthomyza variegata ( Loew, 1863 ) and three new species described below, viz. A. dichroa sp. nov. , A. gibbiger sp. nov. and A. orthogibbus sp. nov. However, although all the above-named species are distinctly related, the inclusion of the Nearctic species required redennition of the taxonomic limits of the A. neglecta group, because not all added species share all characters used by ROHÁĆEK (2006a: 129) to diagnose the group. The expanded A. neglecta group can be best diagnosed by the following (most of them obviously apomorphic) characters: (1) white pilosity of the 1st antennal nagellomere long; (2) pregonite simplined and with a very reduced posterior process; (3) postgonite usually with 1 lateral seta; (4) saccus of distiphallus shortened; (5) nlum robust, not attenuated apically but ending in a curved digitiform terminal process; (6) female T7+S7 forming a compact conical sclerite with anterolateroventral (often pouch-like) lobes; (7) annular sclerite in female genital chamber small and asymmetrically bent; (8) spermathecae with shallow terminal impression. The A. neglecta group was also connrmed as monophyletic (although with only European species included) by analyses of molecular data (ROHÁĆEK et al. 2009; ROHÁĆEK & TÓTHOVÁ 2014 ). Its relationship to other groups of Anthomyza has not been recognized with certainty. Two separate analyses of morphological ( ROHÁĆEK 2009a : Fig. 141 ) and molecular data (ROHÁĆEK et al. 2009: Fig. 2 ) placed it as a sister group to an E. Palaearctic clade including A. ssavosterna Sueyoshi & Roháček, 2003 and the sister pair A. bellatrix Roháček, 1984 + A. trifurca Sueyoshi & Roháček, 2003 , while the molecular analysis of ROHÁĆEK & TÓTHOVÁ (2014 : Fig. 1 ) postulated it to have a common ancestor with the A. collini group. Inasmuch as three of the Nearctic species ( A. variegata , A. gibbiger , A. orthogibbus ) have relatively simple, nat and not or weakly medially bent gonostyli (plesiomorphic, those of A. variegata of the most ancestral type ), it is possible that all Palaearctic species ( A. neglecta , A. paraneglecta , A. orineglecta ) which have strongly curved gonostyli could be derived later and probably from the ancestor of the A. variegata + A. dichroa sister pair (probable synapomorphies: very long ciliation of 1st nagellomere; 1 pair of internal sclerites in female genital chamber). They (together with A. variegata and A. dichroa ) also lack the distinctive synapomorphies of the other Nearctic sister pair ( A. gibbiger + A. orthogibbus ), see below. Another hypothesis (preferred here) presupposes that all four Nearctic species are derived from a common ancestor (possible synapomorphies: aedeagal part of folding apparatus with armature reduced to small tubercles; female T7+S7 dorsomedially shortened and weakened to interrupted; internal sclerites of female genital chamber weakly sclerotized) so forming the sister group to a branch with Palaearctic species ( A. neglecta , A. paraneglecta , A. orineglecta ). The latter three species can be clustered on the basis of the following synapomorphies: caudal process of transandrium with spinulae reduced and female genital chamber with annular sclerite situated ventrally under the paired internal sclerites. Key to identincation of the Nearctic species of the Anthomyza neglecta group 1 Antenna with strikingly long ciliation of 1st nagellomere ( Fig. 395 ). Head about as long as high and eyes more broadly ovoid ( Figs 381 , 404 ). Wing broader ( Figs 437, 438 ). Caudal process of transandrium (simple dorsally) and basal membrane densely prickly spinulose ( Figs 387, 388 ). Female T7+S7 dorsally posteromedially membranous, with posterior dark stripe interrupted in the middle ( Figs 394 , 413 ). ............... 2 – Antenna with somewhat shorter ciliation of 1st nagellomere. Head distinctly longer than high and eyes more elongately ovoid ( Figs 383 , 420 ). Wing narrower ( Figs 439, 440 ). Caudal process of transandrium with peculiar dorsal hump-like projection and basal membrane shortly spinulose ( Figs 423, 425, 426 ). Female T7+S7 dorsally complete, with posterior dark stripe continuous ( Figs 431 , 450 ). .............................. 3 2(1) Arista long ciliate ( Fig. 395 ). Scutellum often with 1–3 small erect setulae between apical sc ( Fig. 398 ). Gonostylus ( Figs 391 , 400 ) nat, of elongately oval outline, micropubescent on most of its outer side. Medandrium dorsally narrowed and with distinct corners ( Fig. 385 ). Female T7+S7 larger, dorsally very shortened and dorsomedially membranous (interrupted, Fig. 394 ), ventrally without anterior ledge-like stripe ( Fig. 393 ), and with large pouch-like anteroventrolateral lobes and brown posterior dorsolateral band larger ( Fig. 392 ). ............................................ A. variegata ( Loew, 1863 ) – Arista with cilia shorter. Scutellum always without additional setulae between apical sc. Gonostylus slender and strongly curved medially ( Fig. 406 ), with micropubescence on outer side reduced ( Fig. 412 ). Medandrium dorsally broad and with corners rounded ( Fig. 406 ). Female T7+S7 smaller, dorsomedially only posteriorly membranous (interrupted, Fig. 413 ), with pouch-like anteroventrolateral lobes smaller but ventrally with distinct anterior transverse ledge-like stripe ( Fig. 415 ) and brown posterior dorsolateral band smaller ( Fig. 413 ). ...................................................... A. dichroa sp. nov. 3(2) Male with ctenidial spine on f 1 long, markedly longer than maximum width of t 1 . Gonostylus short and broad, posteroproximally dilated and with apex truncate ( Fig. 429 ). Female 1st nagellomere entirely yellow or with outer side brownish-darkened. Female T7+S7, in lateral view, shorter, projecting anteroventrally and with more or less distinct ventral dome-like bulge ( Fig. 431a , arrows); T6 sometimes without posterior dark stripe or with only faint darkening ( Fig. 431 ); posterior stripes tending to become less distinct on more anterior tergites; T7+S7 usually with posterior dark stripe shorter and T8 short ( Fig. 431 ). ............................................................................ A. gibbiger sp. nov. – Male with ctenidial spine small, as long as or shorter than maximum width of t 1 . Gonostylus elongate, narrow, gradually tapered towards bidentate apex ( Fig. 448 ). Female 1st nagellomere always with outer side brownish-darkened. Female T7+S7, in lateral view, longer, projecting more angularly anteromedially and not bulging ventrally ( Fig. 450a , arrows); T6 always with posterior dark stripe distinct ( Fig. 450 ); posterior stripes often remaining strong on all tergites; T7+S7 usually with posterior dark stripe longer and T8 long ( Fig. 450 ). ........................................................... A. orthogibbus sp. nov.