Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus Author Korneyev, V. A. text Vestnik Zoologii 2014 2014-04-01 48 2 111 128 http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2014-0012 journal article 10.2478/vzoo-2014-0012 ec346dfd-f700-4937-8647-e5a3bc030d55 2073-2333 6403931 Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1898 T y p e s p e c i e s: Eupyrgota luteola Coquillett, 1898 , by original designation. Apyrgota Hendel, 1909 , syn. n. T y p e s p e c i e s: Eupyrgota scioida Hendel, 1908 , by monotypy. Peltodasia Enderlein, 1942 . T y p e s p e c i e s: Peltodasia vespiformis Enderlein, 1942 , by original designation. D i a g n o s i s. Species of Eupyrgota can be recognized from the other Old World Pyrgotini by the following combination of characters: prosternum bearing a pair of nipple- or finger-like lobes, femora apico-ventrally with postero- and antero-ventral row of thickened setae ( fig. 5 , 6 , 7 ; 8 , 5 , 6 ) and except in E. flaviseta (Aldrich) , the oviscape with a pair of heavily sclerotized hooks at the apico-ventral margin (see Korneyev, 2006 a : fig. 2 , 4 ; 5, 5 , 6 ; 8 , 2 ). Presence of the nipple-like lobes on the prosternum is a unique character of Eupyrgota , which does not occur in other pyrgotid genera and supports its monophyly. The rows of spurious setae on the femora are known also in Euphya Wulp (Pyrgotini) , Epice Paramonov (Toxurini) and numerous taxa in the families Richardiidae , Tephritidae and Platystomatidae . Furthermore, in a few Oriental species of Eupyrgota the spur-like setae are poorly expressed. Species of both Euphya and Epice can be recognized by the saddle-like shape of the prosternum without prominent lobes and the oviscape without hook-like lobes. Females of the East Asian (Palaearctic and Oriental ) species Adapsilia hirtoscutellata Hendel and A. myopoides Chen both possess similarly sclerotized hook-like lobes on the oviscape, but they are located in a different position and are separated by a small sclerotized ventro-medial lobe or sclerite ( Korneyev, 2004 ; Nartshuk, Korneyev, 2005 : fig. 13, 14). These species can be distinguished from Eupyrgota by the absence of nipple-like lobes on the prosternum and spur-like setae on the femora. D e s c r i p t i o n. Moderate or large (wing length 7.0–21.0 mm) wasp-like flies, often with petiolate abdomen, yellow and brown coloration of body and wings with darkened band or brown spots on anterior half or also at middle. Head normally higher than wide, short or moderately long setose; ocelli absent; parafacial microsetulose, with subocular dilation; facial carina developed or absent; epistoma (= “supraclypeal sclerite” of Korneyev, 2004 , 2006 a ) low to moderately high (at most 0.33 times as high as face); lateral vertical seta short or indistinguishable; antenna as long as face, flagellomere 1 almost as long as pedicel; palpus usually as long as flagellomere 1 (or slightly longer in some Oriental species), parallel-sided or apically expanded; labellum large, fleshy; prosternum bearing a pair of finger- or nipple-like ventral lobes; presutural supra-alar and prescutellar acrostichal setae absent; scutellum with 1–5 pairs of setae; wing with humeral and subcostal breaks present; costa reaching medial vein; Sc straight, narrowly broken before costa; R 2+3 strongly curved, always with spurious vein joined to angulate break of R 2+3 ; Cu 2 short; halter yellow; mid coxa anteroventrally setose and setulose but without “brush” or “comb” of setae; hind coxa anteroventrally without “brush” of setae; fore and mid trochanters without or with “brushes” of short spine-like or hook-like setae; femora ventrally with 2 rows of thickened, usually spine-like setae; female mid femur either with bare membranous femoral organ of various position, or lacking it entirely; hind tarsi in both sexes asymmetrical, with brushes of dense setulae on medial surfaces of tarsomeres; syntergite 1 + 2 in both sexes narrowed at middle; female with rather short, ventrally curved oviscape (not longer than remaining abdomen), bearing 2 sclerotized hook-like projections ventro-apically (except in E. flaviseta Malloch ), but without spinules or taenia-like sclerites on eversible membrane; aculeus short, flattened dorso-ventrally, with wide, bulky base and narrow stiletto-like apex; 3 oval, smooth spermathecae; in male, hypandrium narrow, with microtrichose flap-like phallic guide; phallapodeme very narrow, vanes separate, joined to hypandrium rather than to bar- like gonites; ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped; phallus without large sclerites of acrophallus, with paired, sometimes loop-like sclerites of praeputium. D i s t r i b u t i o n. Species of Eupyrgota occur predominantly in the Oriental Region , with a few representatives also in the Palaearctic, Afrotropical, and Australasian Regions (Papuan Subregion). T a x o n o m y. In this and a forthcoming paper (Korneyev, in press), 38 species are considered to belong in Eupyrgota , 25 in the nominative subgenus, and 13 in two other subgenera; three species ( Apyrgota pubiseta Hendel, 1914 from (?) India , and Adapsilia illingworthana Bezzi, 1929 and Adapsilia gratiosa Paramonov, 1958 from Australia ) possibly belong elsewhere. Some nominal species are possible synonyms of the others; several undescribed new species are recognized in collections. In total, the genus is believed to include c . 40–45 species, and needs a detailed revision for the Oriental and Australasian species. This, however, is out of the scope of the present work, and I only consider here the species of Eupyrgota needing formal taxonomic actions (new combinations for transferred species, some new synonymies, new taxa, and a revised rank). A key to the subgenera will be published in the second part of this series of papers. I therefore transfer the type species of Apyrgota Hendel, 1909 into Eupyrgota Coquillett, 1898 and consider these genus-group names to be synonyms.