The genus Litophyton Forskål, 1775 (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from Australia Author Van Ofwegen, Leen P. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-04-16 4764 1 1 131 journal article 22824 10.11646/zootaxa.4764.1.1 55f6b110-0a37-45fe-be1c-34e9a035fe0e 1175-5334 3764923 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:53C5289A-156C-4AF1-B84A-73099A332C05 Litophyton spinulosum sp. nov. ( Figs. 13f , 26-30 ) Material examined. Holotype NTM C215 , Queensland , Milln reef, 2 December 1976 , coll. P. Alderslade ; paratypes : NTM C194-NTM C195, same data as holotype ; NTM C204-NTMC214, same data as holotype ; NTM C369, Bommie, Milln reef, Queensland , depth 6-10 m , February 1978 , coll. D. Schubot; NTM C447, Bommie, Milln reef, Queensland , depth 6-8 m , February 1978 , coll. D. Schubot; NTM C541-NTM C544, March 1978 , coll. D. Schubot; NTM C761, March 1978 , coll. D. Schubot; NTM C1369, Sweet-lip reef, Swain reefs, Queensland , 15 November 1980 , coll. P. Alderslade; NTM C2239-NTM C02240, Bommie, Briggs reef, Queensland ; depth 6-7 m , March 1978 , coll. P. Alderslade; NTM C2291, Queensland , Moore reef, March 1978 , coll. P. Alderslade; NTM C2841, coll. Z. Dinesen. Description. The holotype NTM C215 is 4.3 cm high and 7 cm wide, the stalk is 1.8 cm high ( Fig. 26a ). The polyps are up to 0.7 mm wide and 0.5 mm high, and grouped in spherical catkins. FIGURE 21 . Litophyton type specimens: a, L . rowleyensis n. sp. , holotype NTM C10780; b paratype NTM C5804; c, paratype NTM C10722; d-e, paratypes NTM C5807; f, L . graafae n. sp. , holotype NTM C4095. FIGURE 22 . Litophyton rowleyensis n. sp. , holotype NTM C10780; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral point spindles; c, tentacle scales; d, polyp stalk platelets; e; polyp stalk rods; f, supporting bundle spindles, one partly; g-h, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk, i-j, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; k-l, spindles of interior base of stalk; m, tuberculation of interior base stalk spindle. Scale at b also applies to c, e, j; scale at a also applies to f-g, i, k; scale at l also applies to h. FIGURE 23 . Litophyton rowleyensis n. sp. , paratype NTM C10722; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral point spindle; c, tentacle scales; d, polyp stalk rods; e, polyp stalk platelets; f, supporting bundle spindles, partly; g-i, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk, j-k, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk. Scale at a also applies to f, h, k; scale at b also applies to c-d, g, j. FIGURE 24 . Litophyton rowleyensis n. sp. , paratype NTM C5804 (a-c) and NTM C10722 (d-f); a-e, spindles of interior base of stalk; f, tuberculation of interior base stalk spindles. Scale at c also applies to e; scale at b also applies to d. FIGURE 25 . Litophyton rowleyensis n. sp. , paratype NTM C5807; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral point spindles; c, tentacle scales; d-e, polyp stalk platelets; f, supporting bundle spindles, partly; g, spindles of surface layer top of stalk, h-i, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; j, spindles of interior base of stalk; l, tuberculation of interior base stalk spindle. Scale at b also applies to c, e, h; scale at i also applies to a, f; scale at j also applies to g. FIGURE 26 . Litophyton spinulosum n. sp. , holotype NTM C215 (a, d-i), and paratypes NTMC542 (b) and NTM C2291 (c); a-c, colonies; d, abaxial point spindles; e, lateral point spindle; f, tentacle scales; g, polyp stalk rods; h, supporting bundle spindles, one partly; i, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk. Scale at d also applies to h; scale at e also applies to f, g, i. FIGURE 27 . Litophyton spinulosum n. sp. , holotype NTM C215; a-b, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk, c-d, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; e-f, spindles of interior base of stalk; g, tuberculation of interior base stalk spindle. Scale at d also applies to b, e; scale at f also applies to a. FIGURE 28 . Litophyton spinulosum n. sp. , paratype NTM C542; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral and adaxial point sclerites; c, tentacle scales; d, polyp stalk rods; e, xeniid type sclerites; f, part of supporting bundle spindle; g-h, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk, i-j, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; k-l, spindles of interior base of stalk; m, tuberculation of interior base stalk spindle. Scale at a also applies to f-g, j-k; scale at b also applies to c-d, i; scale at l also applies to h. FIGURE 29 . Litophyton spinulosum n. sp. , paratype NTM C2291; a, abaxial point spindles; b, lateral and adaxial point sclerites; c, tentacle scales; d, polyp stalk rods; e, supporting bundle spindles, partly; f-g, sclerites of surface layer top of stalk. Scale at a also applies to e-f; scale at d also applies to b-c. FIGURE 30 . Litophyton spinulosum n. sp. , paratype NTM C2291; a-b, sclerites of surface layer base of stalk; c-d, spindles of interior base of stalk; e, tuberculation of interior base stalk spindle. Scale at b also applies to c. Polyps . With irregular arrangement of sclerites in eight points ( Fig. 13f ). Abaxial and lateral point sclerites are spindles with simple tubercles and spiny distal part, largest present abaxially, up to 0.45 mm long ( Fig. 26d ), towards the adaxial points they become smaller ( Fig. 26e ). Tentacles with curved scales up to 0.10 mm long ( Fig. 26f ). Adaxial side of the polyp stalk with many straight rods, up to 0.10 mm long ( Fig. 26g ). Supporting bundle composed of one or two spindles up to 1.60 mm long, with simple tubercles and sometimes a spiny tip projecting for a maximum distance of 0.30 mm ( Fig. 26h ). Many polyp sclerites have an optically black inner core. Surface layer top stalk . Capstans and derivatives of capstans up to 0.10 mm long, and many spindles and unilaterally spinose spindles, up to 1.10 mm long, with simple and complex tubercles ( Fig. 26i , 27 a-b). Surface layer base stalk . Capstans, derivatives of capstans, spindles, and unilaterally spinose spindles, all with simple and complex tubercles ( Fig. 27 c-d). The spindles are up to 0.30 mm long. Interior stalk . Mostly unbranched spindles, branched spindles, and spindles with a few side branches ( Fig. 27 e-f), all with simple and complex tubercles ( Fig. 27g ) and pointed ends. The spindles are up to 0.85 mm long. Etymology. The Latin spinulosum , spiny, referring to the spiny colony shape, the most spiny appearance of all Australian Litophyton species. Distribution . Great Barrier Reef: Milln reef, Moore reef, Elford reef. Remarks . The microscope slide of NTM C204 showed somewhat bigger internal spindles, up to 1.50 mm long, NTM C541 even has spindles up to 2.00 mm long. NTM C541-NTM C544, and NTM C1369 contain xeniid type sclerites in the polyps ( Fig. 28e ). NTM C2291 ( Fig. 26c ) sclerites are also presented ( Figs. 29-30 ). NTM C1369, NTM C2239, and NTM C2240 show smaller catkins. This is the most common species with projecting supporting bundle on the Great Barrier Reef. L. elfordensis sp. nov. has interior stalk spindles with side branches in common with L. spinulosum sp. nov. It differs from L . spinulosum in having much longer interior stalk spindles, up to 2 mm long, and point spindles with leafy distal end.