The genus Aphis (Hemiptera, Aphididae) living on Asteraceae species in southern South America: Argentina and Chile, with five new species Author Nieto Nafría, Juan M. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental. Universidad de León, 24071 León (Spain). Author Ortego, Jaime Avenida Carlinda, 18, Málaga (Spain) [previously: Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza (INTA), Luján de Cuyo (Mendoza, Argentina)]. Author Moreno-González, Víctor Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León. 24071 León (Spain). Author Durante, M. Pilar Mier Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental. Universidad de León. 24071 León (Spain). text Zootaxa 2022 2022-09-12 5183 1 439 463 journal article 140859 10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.31 27bbb322-4235-4ed3-99b8-ee8cc11a4f3f 1175-5326 7070416 15F12672-AC19-49B5-A3D7-6B13359AF400 Aphis ( Aphis ) rogerblackmani Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante sp. n. Types. Holotype : apterous viviparous female ARG-1833- 1 (mounted with a paratype ): ARGENTINA : RÍO NEGRO : Bariloche : San Carlos de Bariloche ( 41º 08' S 71º 14' W , 870 m ), on an unidentified Baccharis species , 18-April- 2012 , collection of the Universidad de León . Paratypes : 4 apterous viviparous females, 1 alate viviparous female, 12 oviparous females and 8 males , same data as the holotype, collection of the Universidad de León . Etymology . The specific epithet of Aphis rogerblackmani sp. n. is dedicated to our colleague and friend, the late Roger L. Blackman, for his outstanding work on aphid taxonomy and in memory of his first entomological works, which were developed in the Argentine Patagonia. Apterous viviparous females ( Fig. 1 ). From 5 specimens . When alive black. In mounted specimens, head dark brown, almost dorsally smooth, without reticulation, and ventrally striated. Frons wavy. ANT.I–II also almost smooth. ANT.III with 9–12 ST. URS thick and with straight edges. TH widely sclerotized and pigmented. ABD.1–6 with wide spino-pleural bands and MG patches, in some segments contacting each other. ABD.7–8 with wide transverse bands. Intersegmental sclerites conspicuous, as dark as the segmental and spiracular sclerites. PRI MG TUB relatively small, especially those on ABD.7. COM MG TUB, usually absent ( two specimens have one). ST long, slender, pointed, and pale. Coxae and trochanters dark. Tarsal formula, 3.3.2 or 3.3.3. SIPH long and tapering to apex, darker than the TH and ABD sclerotized parts. ABD.8 with 2 ST. Genital plate with 2–5 discal and 8– 12 posterior ST. Cauda lanceolate, with small midway constriction; with 7–11 ST. Other qualitative features in “Common features of the new species”. Metric features in Table 2 . Alate viviparous females ( Fig. 2 ). From 1 specimen . ABD.2–5 mostly membranous, with MG patches; ABD.6 with small spinal sclerites and wide MG patches; ABD.7–8 with thin transverse bands. ANT.III with 10–14 SEC SEN. ANT.IV with 5–6 big and poorly aligned SEC SEN. Other qualitative features in “Common features of the new species”. Metric features in Table 2 . Oviparous females ( Fig. 3 ). From 12 specimens . Like apterous viviparae, with the typical features of this morph. TH and ABD sclerotization and pigmentation diverse, from like those in apterous viviparae to a complete absence. Hind tibiae not very thickened and carrying (48)70–126 scent plates, often twins. ABD.8 and cauda with 5–9 and 8–12 ST respectively. Genital plate with 30–42 ST. Metric features in Table 2 . Males ( Fig. 4 ). From 8 specimens . Winged and very similar to alate viviparae, with: (1) ANT longer, very dark, and with more SEC SEN: 23–32 on ANT.III, 13–22 on ANT.IV and 11–19 on ANT.V; (2) ABD.2–6 with transverse spinal or spino-pleural bands in addition to MG patches; (3) darker legs; (4) shorter and thinner SIPH; and (5) triangular cauda. Parameres conical, robust, and dark brown. Metric features in Table 2 . Bionomics and distribution . Aphis rogerblackmani sp. n. is holocyclic and presumably monoecious on species of Baccharis and perhaps on species of close genera. It is only known in one locality, whose environmental characteristics are the same to those existing in a large part of western Argentine provinces of Mendoza , Neuquén , Río Negro and Chubut . FIGURE 1. Aphis rogerblackmani Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante sp. n. , apterous viviparous female. A , specimen extensively sclerotized, with details: cephalic dorsum, in part (note the light epicranial line), ANT.II, ABD.1–2 MG, and ABD.3–4 MG (note the reticulation); B , antenna; C , URS; D , hind femur, in part. The scales vary according to specimens or parts photographed; see measurements in Table 1. FIGURE 2 . Aphis rogerblackmani Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante sp. n. , alate viviparous female. A , complete view, with detail: ABD.1–3 MG, and ABD.8 (note in both the punctuation by spinules); B , ANT.III; C , ANT. VI. The scales vary according to specimens or parts photographed; see measurements in Table 1. FIGURE 3 . Aphis rogerblackmani Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante sp. n. , oviparous female. A, specimen extensively sclerotized; B, specimen poorly sclerotized; C , hind tibia, with a detail. The scales vary according to specimens or parts photographed; see measurements in Table 1. FIGURE 4 . Aphis rogerblackmani Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante sp. n. , male. A , complete view, with detail: ABD.1–3 MG; B , ANT.III and ANT.IV; C , ANT.V and ANT.VI. The scales vary according to specimens or parts photographed; see measurements in Table 1. TABLE 1. Aphis conspicua , apterous viviparous females. Comparison between the measurements of type specimens and the specimens now studied, showing difference in the range limits; the new limits are in bold type.

type apterae n=45	new apterae n=9
body	1.125-1.849	1.300– 1.863
body / ANT	1.70–2.45	1.63 –2.35
ANT.IV	0.09–0.2	0.08 –0.14
ANT.III / cauda	1.1–1.6	1.2– 1.9
URS / ANT.VI.B	1.1–1.5	1.3– 1.6
SIPH / cauda	0.9–1.4	1.0– 1.6
cauda	0.12–0.19	0.11 –0.19
ST on ANT.III / ANT.III-BD	1.3–2.5	1.1 –2.0
ST on head, dorsum	38–55	35 –48
ST on hind trochanter	40–55	38 –53
ST on hind femur, ventral / ANT.III-BD	2.1–3.1	2.0 –3.1
ST on hind tibiae, dorsal at middle	45–70	43 –55
ST on ABD.2–4, MG / ANT.III-BD	2.0–3.1	1.9 –2.9
ST on genital plate, discal	42–73	35 –63
ST on genital plate, posterior	33–53	35–58

TABLE 2. Aphis rogerblackmani Nieto Nafría, Ortego & Mier Durante sp. n. , quantitative features of apterous and alate viviparous females, oviparous females and males. Body and body parts in millimetres, setae in microns.

apterous viviparae n=5	alate viviparous n=1	oviparae n=12	males n=8
body	2.000–2.375	1.900	1.625–2.150	1.625–1.850
ANT	1.375–1.750	1.375	1.150–1.475	1.475–1.713
body / ANT	1.29–1.36	1.38	1.37–1.55	1.03–1.21
ANT.III	0.29–0.41	0.32	0.23–0.34	0.31–0.38
ANT.IV	0.27–0.35	0.26	0.20–0.30	0.28–0.37
ANT.V	0.25–0.29	0.24	0.20–0.26	0.26–0.33
ANT.VI.B	0.15–0.18	0.15	0.12–0.16	0.14–0.18
ANT.VI.PT	0.29–0.36	0.29	0.27–0.31	0.29–0.36
ANT.III / ANT.VI.PT	0.9–1.2	1.1	0.8–1.2	1.1–1.2
ANT.VI.PT / ANT.VI.B	1.9–2.1	1.9	1.9–2.4	1.8–2.4
ANT.III / URS	2.1–3.0	2.6	1.9–2.7	2.5–3.1
ANT.VI.PT / URS	2.1–2.7	2.3	2.2–2.4	2.3–2.8
ANT.III / cauda	1.3–1.6	1.9	1.4–1.6	1.9–2.9
URS	0.14	0.13	0.12–0.13	0.12–0.14
URS / ANT.VI.B	0.8–1.0	0.8	0.8–1.0	0.8–0.9
URS / URS-WB	1.9–2.5	1.8–2.4	1.7–2.3
URS / HT.2	0.8–1.0	1.0	0.9–1.0	0.9–1.0
hind femur	0.58–0.73	0.48	0.43–0.58	0.50–0.56
hind tibia	1.00–1.25	0.93	0.76–0.98	0.93–1.03
body / hind femur	3.1–3.4	4.0	3.5–4.1	3.1–3.5
body / hind tibia	1.8–2.0	2.1	2.0–2.4	1.7–2.0
HT.2	0.15–0.17	0.13	0.13–0.15	0.13–0.15
SIPH	0.23–0.40	0.15	0.12–0.24	0.11–0.14
SIPH / body	0.14–0.18	0.08	0.07–0.12	0.06–0.08
SIPH / SIPH-WM	3.5–4.9	3.5	2.4–4.9	2.5–3.6
SIPH / cauda	1.0–1.6	0.9	0.7–1.2	0.7–1.1
cauda	0.22–0.25	0.17	0.17–0.21	0.13–0.17
cauda / cauda-WB	1.5–1.6	1.4	1.9–2.6	1.1–1.5
ST on ANT.III	25–30	20	18–25	18–28
ST on ANT.III / ANT.III-BD	1.0–1.2	1.0	0.7–1.1	0.9–1.4
ST on head, dorsum	33–45	30	28–48	33–45
ST on head, dorsum / ANT.III-BD	1.3–1.8	1.5	1.3–2.0	1.4–2.1
ST on hind trochanter	45	43–63	33–45
ST on hind trochanter / femoral suture	0.9	0.9–1.1	0.7–1.1
ST on hind femur, dorsal	38–45	38	28–48	30–40
ST on hind femur, dorsal / ANT.III-BD	1.4–1.8	1.8	1.2–2.1	1.3–2.0

......Continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued)

apterous viviparae n=5	alate viviparous n=1	oviparae n=12	males n=8
ST on hind femur, ventral	43–55	30	35–45	33–48
ST on hind femur, ventral / ANT.III-BD	1.8–2.2	0.7	1.4–1.9	1.5–2.1
ST on hind tibiae, dorsal at middle	45–63	40	38–55	33–45
ST on hind tibiae, dorsal at middle / hind tibia- WM	0.9–1.2	1.1	0.4–0.9	0.9–1.3
MG ST on ABD.2–4	35–48	30	25–40	35–40
MG ST on ABD.2–4 / ANT.III-BD	1.5–1.9	1.5	1.1–1.7	1.5–1.8
ST on ABD.8	55–65	55	38–58	50–63
ST on ABD.8 / ANT.III-BD	2.2–2.4	2.8	1.8–2.6	2.2–3.0
ST on genital plate, discal ST on genital plate, posterior	48–60 40–50	25 28	35–50	/// ///

Taxonomic discussion , diagnosis. TH and ABD sclerotization, lengths of ANT.VI.PT and ST allows the identification of the new species. A. rogerblackmani sp. n. pairs with A. marthae Essig, 1953 in the first proposition of couple I of the key to apterous viviparae of Aphidina species known in South America by Nieto Nafría et al . (2019). Viviparae of both species can be separated from each other by ABD.2–5 sclerotization: apterae and alatae of A. marthae respectively have discal plate and spino-pleural bands, while those of A. rogerblackmani sp. n. respectively have bands and at most scattered sclerites; in addition, the cauda is triangular in viviparae of A. marthae while it is lanceolate in A. rogerblackmani . The host plant of A. marthae is Quillaja saponaria (Quillajaceae) . The viviparous females of Aphis rogerblackmani sp. n. could be confused with those of A. ingeborgae , which also lives on Baccharis , for a similar ABD sclerotization and pigmentation, but the peculiar shape of the MG TUB of A. ingeborgae and the length of ANT.VI.B, ANT.VI.PT, HT.2, cauda and ST allow the separation of both species (see Nieto Nafría, 2019: Fig. 1 , page 157, and Table 1 , pages 160-161 for A. ingeborgae ). The differences of apterous viviparae of A. rogerblackmani from those of the other species of Aphis that are known in southern South America living on Asteraceae are presented below in an identification key.