First record of Dendrobaena pygmaea (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Asia (Yokohama, Japan)
Author
Blakemore, R. J.
text
Zootaxa
2004
2004-04-06
487
1
1
8
https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.487.1.1
journal article
5971
10.11646/zootaxa.487.1.1
03275eef-7d63-4437-8957-6fa282a71305
11755334
5028558
D358EA03-ED14-45E7-BE4B-8678E1A268AE
Dendrobaena pygmaea
(
Savigny, 1826
)
(
Fig. 1
)
Enterion pygmaeum
Savigny, 1826: 183
[non
Dendrobaena arborea pygmaea
Friend, 1923: 23
this secondary homonym is not replaced (
ICZN, 1999
: Arts. 57.3; 59) as it is now thought (
Easton, 1983: 479
) in synonymy of
Dendrodrilus rubidus subrubicundus
(Eisen, 1874)
, although
Csuzdi & Zicsi (2003: 136)
overlook this].
Type
locality Paris.
Types
in Paris Natural History Museum but their current status unknown.
Lumbricus pygmaeus
. — Dugès, 1837: 17, 24.
Allolobophora minima
Rosa, 1884: 39
[non
Al. minima
Muldal, 1952: 463
(=
Murchieona muldali
(Omodeo, 1956: 179)
nom. nov.
)].
From
Piemonte
,
Italy
.
Types
unknown.
Octolasion minimum
. — Örley, 1885: 22.
Lumbricus
(
Octolasion
)
minimus
. — Vaillant, 1889: 113.
Lumbricus
(
Dendrobaena
)
pygmaeus
. — Vaillant, 1889: 120.
Allolobophora
[(
Dendrobaena
)]
pygmea
(lapsus) et
A. pygmaea
. — Rosa, 1893: 424, 436.
Helodrilus
(
Dendrobaena
)
pygmaeus
. —
Michaelsen, 1900: 495
[syn.
pigmea
(lapsus) Ribaucourt, 1896: 94,
minima
Rosa, 1884
].
Helodrilus
(
Helodrilus
)
ribaucourti
Cognetti, 1901: 21
.
From
Sardinia
.
Types
in Turin: 812.
Helodrilus
(
Eophila
)
cognettii
Michaelsen, 1903: 140
[nom. nov. pro.
Helodrilus
(
Helodrilus
)
ribaucourti
Cognetti, 1901
non
Allolobophora ribaucourti
Bretscher, 1901: 220
(=
Lumbricus rubellus
); name sometimes mispelt "cognetti"; non
Eisenia veneta cognettii
Cernosvitov, 1935
(=
D. alpina alpina
)].
Dendrobaena pygmaea cognettii
. —
Bouché, 1972: 391
; [mispelt and miscited as "D.
pygmea
cognettii
Mich, 1903
" by
Qiu & Bouche (1998: 194)
].
Dendrobaena cognettii
. — Zicsi, 1981: 171;
Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003: 114
(syn.
ribaucourti
Cognetti, 1901
).
Dendrobaena cognettii cognettii
. — Rota, 1992.
Dendrobaena pygmaea
. — Zicsi, 1959: 96; Gerard, 1964: 37.
Dendrobaena pygmaea pygmaea
. —
Bouché, 1972: 393
.
Dendrobaena pygmaea
. —
Gates, 1972: 92
;
1975: 8
;
Easton, 1983: 479
[syn.
minima
Rosa, 1884
(non Muldal, 1953 =
Murchieona minuscula
);
cognettii
Michaelsen, 1903
;
ribaucourti
Cognetti, 1901
];
Sims & Gerard, 1985: 73
;
1999: 73
, fig. 23 (syn.
minima
,
cognettii
).
Dendrobaena cognettii gallurensis
Rota, 1992: 1383
.
Syn. nov.?
[Possible synonym; mispelt "cognetti gallurensis" in
Qiu & Bouche (1998: 195)
].
From Gallura
,
Sardinia
.
Types
unknown.
Taxonomic Remarks.
Sims & Gerard (1985: 45
, 74; 1999: 44, 74) considered
Michaelsen (1900)
the first reviser to “fix” the name
pygmaea
although some later authors, on the fallacy that the original description was inadequate, attempt to replace this name with the subsequent
cognettii
Michaelsen, 1903
, even though a prior name,
minima
Rosa, 1884
, is also available. That both subsequent names are synonyms, as in
Easton (1983)
and
Sims & Gerard (1985
;
1999
), is accepted here. In contrast,
Csuzdi & Zicsi (2003: 114)
retain
D. cognettii
and list
Enterion pygmaeum
as a "nom. nudum?" and
Allolobophora minima
as a "spec. inc. sed." (=
species incertae sedis
). Under the code (
ICZN, 1999: 111
; 123), "A
nomen nudum
is not an available name" which clearly is not the case with
pygmaeum
.
Diagnosis.
Length
10–45 mm
. Light reddish anterior dorsum or unpigmented. Prostomium epilobous. Setal pairs widely separate. Dorsal pores absent or from 4/5–6/7. Spermathecal pores absent or dorsally in 9/10/11/12. Clitellum 33–37 or 32,33–36,37,38. Tubercula pubertatis absent or narrow ridge below b lines in 35–37. Genital setal tumescences absent.
FIGURE 1.
Author's sketch of
Dendrobaena pygmaea (
Savigny, 1826
)
showing ventral view with dorsal views of anterior (prostomium) and posterior (pygomere). Specimens from YNU to be lodged in Japanese National Science
Museum,
Tokyo
, and
Kanagawa
Prefectural Museum of Natural
History, Odawara. Setae
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
are figured with their relative distances (ratios) on segment 12; np = nephropore; the white clitellum is shown shaded. A — cross section of body after clitellum showing intestinal typhlosole; B — nephridial bladders.
Distribution.
In Europe known from Britain (Cumbria, Devon, Hampshire and Suffolk),
Germany
(e.g.
Graff, 1955
),
France
,
Spain
(e.g. as
D. pygmaea cognettii
from
Galicia
or
D. cognettii
from
Valencia
),
Portugal
[as
D. cognetti
(sic)],
Switzerland
and
Austria
[as
D. cognettii
e.g.
Christian & Zicsi (1999)
],
Italy
,
Sicily
,
Corsica
, Sardinia (as
D. pygmaea
,
D. cognettii cognettii
and?
D. cognettii gallurensis
),
Greece
[as
D. cognettii
e.g.
Zicsi (1973)
], Madeira and Tenerife (as
D. cognettii
),
Hungary
[as
D. cognettii
e.g.
Csuzdi & Zicsi (2003)
],
Romania
,
Bohemia
in the
Czech Republic
[as
D. pygmaea
by
Pizl (2000
,
2002
,
2003
)]; also a single record from
Constantine
,
Algeria
[by
Rouabah & Descamps (2001)
]; in America from San Francisco, California [cited by
Reynolds (1995: 11
, 27) possibly from study by
Gates (1975)
], noted from
Chile
[by
Csuzdi & Zicsi (2003: 115)
]; and now from Asia (Yokohama,
Japan
). As yet unrecorded from Australasia/Oceania.
Description.
Compiled from pers. obs. and from various sources in synonymy above.
Collection and Locality.
Collected by
R
.
J
. Blakemore
, 9–10th May, 2003 from
YNU
campus, Tokiwadai, Yokohama, Kanagawaken,
Japan
(
35º26'00"N
.
139º39'00"E
,
57m
). Other specimens collected from
YNU
campus in
May–June 1999
by Tomoko Uchida
.
Ecology.
Found at YNU in relatively high abundance in loose association with various megascolecids, e.g.
Amynthas acinctus
(Goto & Hatai, 1899)
,
Amynthas corticis
(Kinberg, 1867)
spp.complex,
Amynthas micronarius
(Goto & Hatai, 1898)
,
Amynthas vittatus
(Goto & Hatai, 1898)
,
Metaphire hilgendorfi
(Michaelsen, 1892)
spp.complex, and with the endemic lumbricid
Eisenia japonica
(Michaelsen, 1891)
.
Habitats.
Welldrained soil and moist woodland litter, mossy banks of streams (
Sims & Gerard, 1999: 73
), damp organic sites (
Csuzdi & Zicsi, 2003: 115
); at YNU in organic layers mainly under stands of nonconiferous evergreen trees
Cinnamomum camphora
(L.) Sieb.,
Cyclobalanopsis glauca
(Thumb.) Oerst.
, and
Pasania edulis
Makino
(soil pH 6.7); and less frequently under deciduous trees dominated by sakura,
Prunus jamazakura
F. Sieb. ex Koidz.
(soil pH 5.3), in soils classed generally as Andosol with Carbon 14–22% and Nitrogen 5.2– 6.6% (Uchida & Kaneko, in press).
Behaviour.
Sluggish when handled, soil easily adheres to surface mucus; body naturally coils slightly on preservation.
Biometry.
Length
10–45 mm
(current unamputated specimens
17–33 mm
), width 0.5–1.2 mm; body cylindrical tapering to tail and, when preserved, gizzard region in 17–20 and clitellum are broadest; mean weight 0.03 g (n= 38); segments 90–111.
Colour.
Lightly pigmented reddy/brown anterior and dorsum especially first dozen segments, or unpigmented grey (with gut contents visible through transparent hindbody); clitellum white.
Prostomium.
Epilobous, furrows sometimes faint to give appearance of proepilobous.
First dorsal pore.
Occasionally reported from 4/5/6/7 but usually absent as in present specimens.
Setae (ratio of aa:ab:bc:cd:dd).
Eight per segment from 2, widely separate; (1.5:1:1:1:2).
Nephropores.
Single row just above b lines from 3, especially obvious on clitellum; (sometimes reported above c lines?).
Clitellum.
Saddleshaped 33–37 with midventral gap widest on 33, range 32,33–37,38; or 32,33–36,37 according to
Christian & Zicsi (1999)
.
Male pores.
Lateral slits in bc on large whitepigmented protuberant pads mostly confined to 15.
Female pores.
Visible just lateral to b on 14.
Spermathecal pores.
Reported dorsally in 9/10/11/12, frequently absent as in current specimens.
Genital Markings.
Tumescences and tubercula pubertatis usually absent, or reported as narrow ridges below b lines in 35–37 but this may be artefactual as the nephropores give appearance of separation of lower edges of clitellum.
Septa
.
None especially thick.
Dorsal blood vessel.
Single (visible through cuticle).
Hearts.
7–11 (last hearts in 11 seen in present specimens).
Calciferous glands.
White, moniliform dilations, vascularized with longitudinal striations internally in 11–12 and some incursion in 13; (diverticula reported by Csuzdi & Zicsi, not found).
Gizzard.
Muscular in 17–18.
Intestine origin.
Beginning with the crop in 15–16.
Typhlosole.
Not previously reported, in present specimens commencing after clitellum from about 40 and of simple lamellar
type
(lamelliform), narrow and only slightly thickened, that in the midbody is about one third of the intestinal diameter deep.
Nephridia.
Holoic with flattened bladders elongate and ocarinashaped ducting to nephropores near setal b lines in present specimens; described as ocarinashaped (
Sims & Gerard, 1999: 68
) or as bilobate [
Csuzdi & Zicsi (2003: 46
, 114) — but these authors show this
type
to actually be elongate ocarinashaped (fig. 3.15A, E; fig. 6.18.1) while their "ocarinashaped" is actually "J" or "S" shaped (fig. 3.15D)].
Testis/seminal vesicles.
Iridescent testis (and sperm funnels) visible through body wall in 10 and
11 in
Yokohama specimens suggest that it is not, or not entirely, a parthenogenetic morph; seminal vesicles in (9), 11 and 12 arc around gut, frequently small or absent.
Ovaries/ovisacs.
Paired in 13, bandlike with single eggstring shedding largish nonyolky eggs; egg sacs not found.
Prostates.
None.
Spermathecae.
Usually absent, as in present specimens although three (or fewer pairs sometimes reported).
Spermatophores.
Not found on exterior.
Longitudinal muscle layer.
Pinnate
type
(Csuzdi & Zicsi).
Gut contents.
Dark, colloidal organic soil and litter debris, not much mineral soil.
Cocoons.
None recorded.